疏水及疏油陶瓷复合膜的制备、表征及油水分离性能研究
发布时间：2018-08-10 17:25
【摘要】：随着现代科技的不断进步和人类生活水平的逐步提高,制造和生产企业以及人类日常生活所造成的水污染现象也日趋严重,其中含油废水是人类水资源的主要污染源之一。而另一方面,油液中如果含有水会导致其乳化浑浊,粘稠度增加会加重对设备的腐蚀。因此无论是在生态环境的保护,还是水资源的回收与再利用,我们都需要探索出更加有效的技术手段对油水混合物进行有效的分离。而膜分离技术的出现为油水混合物的分离提供了一种新的思路。本文通过采用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)粉末与氧化铝平板陶瓷膜在氮气的氛围里进行高温烧结改性的方式,制备了有较高疏水性的陶瓷复合膜。通过膜表面润湿性能测试结果可知,水接触角高达148°。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TG)和膜孔径变化可知,具有疏水特性的陶瓷复合膜上有氟化层的存在。通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析发现改性后的疏水陶瓷复合膜上有明显的颗粒状物质出现,而原陶瓷膜表面非常光滑。将疏水陶瓷膜浸泡在油相中24h后,其接触角仅下降7°,说明其具有良好的稳定性,能够较好的应用于油水分离实验。本文考察了操作压力和水含量对疏水陶瓷复合膜油水分离性能的影响。增大操作压力或减小混合液中的水含量都可以增加膜的渗透通量。疏水陶瓷复合膜最佳的制备工艺条件为:烧结温度为400℃,烧结时间为7h,升温速率为4℃/min。此条件下制备的陶瓷复合膜在操作压力为0.1MPa,水含量为1%时,渗透通量最大,初始通量达12.85Kg/(m2·h),水截留率高达98.42%。本文又以多巴胺(DA)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为改性单体,通过控制两者的反应时间比例对多孔氧化铝陶瓷膜进行疏油改性,成功的制备出水下具有超疏油特性的疏油陶瓷复合膜。通过水下油接触角测试可知,改性后的疏油陶瓷复合膜在水下呈现出超疏油特性。通过红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱可知,具有水下超疏油特性的疏油陶瓷复合膜上有多巴胺和聚乙烯亚胺官能团的存在。通过扫描电镜分析发现改性后的疏油陶瓷复合膜上出现了非常多的小颗粒。通过改性后的疏油陶瓷复合膜孔径的急剧变小可知,膜表面和孔内部都覆盖了大量的颗粒状物质。疏油陶瓷复合膜的油水分离性能受多巴胺与聚乙烯亚胺反应时间比例的影响,膜孔径随着多巴胺和聚乙烯亚胺交联时间比例的增加而下降,改性后陶瓷膜的渗透通量在下降,但油截留率在增加。随着原液中油浓度的增加,其通量呈下降趋势。综上所述,疏油陶瓷复合膜的最佳制备工艺条件为:陶瓷膜在多巴胺溶液中反应时间为24h,在聚乙烯亚胺溶液中反应时间为8h,此条件下制备的疏油陶瓷复合膜在油质量浓度为1%,操作压力为0.1MPa时初始渗透通量达298Kg/(m2·h),油截留率高达98.7%。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of modern science and technology and the gradual improvement of human living standards, the water pollution caused by manufacturing and production enterprises and human daily life is becoming more and more serious, among which oily wastewater is one of the main sources of human water resources. On the other hand, if the oil contains water, it will cause emulsification and turbidity, and the increase of viscosity will aggravate the corrosion of the equipment. Therefore, whether in the protection of the ecological environment, or in the recovery and reuse of water resources, we need to explore more effective technical means for the effective separation of oil-water mixtures. The appearance of membrane separation technology provides a new idea for oil-water mixture separation. In this paper, the high hydrophobic ceramic composite membrane was prepared by high temperature sintering modification of PTFE (PTFE) powder and alumina flat ceramic membrane in nitrogen atmosphere. The results show that the water contact angle is 148 掳. By (FTIR) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),) thermogravimetric analysis of (TG) and pore size change of the membrane, it can be seen that there is a fluorinated layer on the ceramic composite film with hydrophobic properties. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM) showed that the surface of the modified hydrophobic ceramic composite film was very smooth, while the surface of the original ceramic membrane was very smooth. When the hydrophobic ceramic membrane was immersed in oil phase for 24 hours, the contact angle decreased only by 7 掳, which indicated that it had good stability and could be used in oil-water separation experiment. The effects of operation pressure and water content on oil / water separation properties of hydrophobic ceramic composite membrane were investigated. The permeation flux of the membrane can be increased by increasing the operating pressure or decreasing the water content in the mixture. The optimum preparation conditions of hydrophobic ceramic composite film are as follows: sintering temperature is 400 鈩，
本文编号：2175648
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of modern science and technology and the gradual improvement of human living standards, the water pollution caused by manufacturing and production enterprises and human daily life is becoming more and more serious, among which oily wastewater is one of the main sources of human water resources. On the other hand, if the oil contains water, it will cause emulsification and turbidity, and the increase of viscosity will aggravate the corrosion of the equipment. Therefore, whether in the protection of the ecological environment, or in the recovery and reuse of water resources, we need to explore more effective technical means for the effective separation of oil-water mixtures. The appearance of membrane separation technology provides a new idea for oil-water mixture separation. In this paper, the high hydrophobic ceramic composite membrane was prepared by high temperature sintering modification of PTFE (PTFE) powder and alumina flat ceramic membrane in nitrogen atmosphere. The results show that the water contact angle is 148 掳. By (FTIR) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),) thermogravimetric analysis of (TG) and pore size change of the membrane, it can be seen that there is a fluorinated layer on the ceramic composite film with hydrophobic properties. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM) showed that the surface of the modified hydrophobic ceramic composite film was very smooth, while the surface of the original ceramic membrane was very smooth. When the hydrophobic ceramic membrane was immersed in oil phase for 24 hours, the contact angle decreased only by 7 掳, which indicated that it had good stability and could be used in oil-water separation experiment. The effects of operation pressure and water content on oil / water separation properties of hydrophobic ceramic composite membrane were investigated. The permeation flux of the membrane can be increased by increasing the operating pressure or decreasing the water content in the mixture. The optimum preparation conditions of hydrophobic ceramic composite film are as follows: sintering temperature is 400 鈩，
本文编号：2175648
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