无卤阻燃聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的研究

发布时间：2018-11-29 07:31

【摘要】：随着科学技术的不断进步,高分子材料得到蓬勃发展,也越来越广泛的被应用到人们日常生活和工业生产中。然而,绝大部分的高分子材料都属于易燃材料,对人们的安全构成很大威胁,限制了高分子材料的应用。因此,对高分子材料所具有的可燃烧性以及阻燃高分子材料的研究具有非常重要的意义。聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)作为新型聚酯材料,易燃性很大的限制了其应用范围。为了改善PTT树脂的阻燃性能,对其进行阻燃研究。本文分别使用膨胀型阻燃剂EPFR-300A,氮系阻燃剂三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA),磷系阻燃剂二乙基次膦酸铝(ADP),通过双螺杆挤出机进行共混,对PTT树脂进行阻燃改性研究。在前期的实验中,阻燃剂的添加使PTT材料力学性能下降严重,需要使用马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-MAH)和聚烯烃弹性体(POE)对PTT树脂进行增韧改性,提升PTT材料力学性能,然后再对PTT进行阻燃改性研究。通过对比材料力学性能的变化,结果表明,增韧剂POE和POE-g-MAH的添加提高了PTT树脂的综合力学性能,质量分数相同时,POE-g-MAH对PTT树脂的增韧效果要优于POE,且POE-g-MAH质量分数为7%时,综合力学性能最佳。分别使用EPFR-300A、MCA和ADP为阻燃改性剂,对PTT树脂进行阻燃改性。通过热重分析仪TGA、扫描电子显微镜SEM、示差扫描量热仪DSC、力学性能等研究了增韧剂和阻燃剂对PTT树脂阻燃性能、热学性能和力学性能的影响。通过SEM、EDS能谱和热重红外联用(TG-IR)测试讨论其阻燃机理。阻燃测试结果表明,添加相同质量分数的增韧剂,EPFR-300A质量分数达到20%时、MCA质量分数达到20%时和ADP质量分数达到10%时,阻燃PTT材料阻燃性能最佳,极限氧指数(LOI)分别达到28.0%、24.9%和30.0%,垂直燃烧阻燃等级都达到UL94 V-0级。各阻燃PTT材料综合力学性能均有所下降,但主要的拉伸强度和弯曲强度变化不大,不影响PTT树脂的应用。EPFR-300A和ADP与PTT树脂相容性良好,但MCA与PTT的相容性较差。阻燃机理研究结果表明,EPFR-300A主要通过在凝聚相生成膨胀碳层发挥阻燃作用,MCA主要通过生成大量气体在气相发挥阻燃作用,ADP主要通过生成自由基捕捉剂和致密碳层在气相和凝聚相上发挥阻燃作用。最后,实验中将5%质量分数的ADP、10%质量分数的MCA和1%的聚四氟乙烯作为抗滴落剂进行复配,对PTT树脂进行阻燃改性,通过测试复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能,研究两种体系阻燃剂对PTT树脂的协同阻燃作用。实验结果表明,复配体系阻燃PTT材料的阻燃等级达到UL94 V-0级,LOI达到26.9%,阻燃性能要优于单纯添加MCA阻燃剂,力学性能要优于单纯添加ADP阻燃剂,复配体系在保证了其阻燃效果和力学性能的同时,降低了阻燃PTT材料的应用成本。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, polymer materials have been developed rapidly, and widely used in people's daily life and industrial production. However, most of the polymer materials are flammable materials, which pose a great threat to the safety of people and limit the application of polymer materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the flammability of polymer materials and the flame retardant polymer materials. Poly (propylene terephthalate) (PTT) is a new type of polyester material, and its flammability limits its application. In order to improve the flame retardancy of PTT resin, the flame retardancy of PTT resin was studied. In this paper, the intumescent flame retardant EPFR-300A, nitrogen flame retardant, melamine cyanurate, (MCA), phosphorous flame retardant, aluminum diethylphosphonate (ADP), was blended by twin-screw extruder to study the flame retardant modification of PTT resin. In the previous experiment, the mechanical properties of PTT materials decreased seriously with the addition of flame retardant, and it was necessary to toughen and modify PTT resin with maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE-g-MAH) and polyolefin elastomer (POE). The mechanical properties of PTT were improved, and then the flame retardant modification of PTT was carried out. By comparing the changes of mechanical properties of materials, the results show that the addition of toughening agents POE and POE-g-MAH improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of PTT resin. When the mass fraction is the same, the toughening effect of POE-g-MAH on PTT resin is better than that of POE,. When the mass fraction of POE-g-MAH is 7, the comprehensive mechanical properties are the best. EPFR-300A,MCA and ADP were used as flame retardant modifiers to modify the flame retardant of PTT resin. The effects of toughening agents and flame retardants on the flame retardancy, thermal and mechanical properties of PTT resin were studied by means of TGA, scanning electron microscope (TGA,) scanning electron microscope (SEM), SEM, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC,), mechanical properties and so on. The flame retardant mechanism was discussed by SEM,EDS spectroscopy and thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR). The flame retardant test results showed that when the toughening agent with the same mass fraction was added, when the mass fraction of EPFR-300A reached 20, the mass fraction of MCA reached 20 and the mass fraction of ADP reached 10, the flame retardant PTT material had the best flame-retardant properties. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 28.0g% and 30.0%, respectively, and the vertical combustion flame retardant grade reached UL94 V-0 grade. The comprehensive mechanical properties of all flame retardant PTT materials decreased, but the main tensile strength and flexural strength did not affect the application of PTT resin. The compatibility of EPFR-300A and ADP with PTT resin was good, but the compatibility between MCA and PTT was poor. The results of flame retardant mechanism show that EPFR-300A plays a flame-retardant role mainly through the formation of intumescent carbon layer in condensed phase, and MCA plays a flame-retardant role mainly by generating a large number of gases in the gas phase. ADP plays a flame-retardant role in gas phase and condensed phase mainly through the formation of free radical trapping agent and dense carbon layer. Finally, 5% ADP,10% MCA and 1% PTFE were used as anti-dropping agent to modify the flame retardant of PTT resin. The flame retardance and mechanical properties of the composites were tested. The synergistic flame retardant effect of two flame retardants on PTT resin was studied. The experimental results show that the flame retardant grade of the composite PTT is UL94 V-0, LOI is 26.9, the flame retardancy is better than that of MCA, and the mechanical property is better than that of ADP. The composite system not only guaranteed the flame retardant effect and mechanical properties, but also reduced the application cost of flame retardant PTT material.
【学位授予单位】：吉林化工学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ323.41

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