快速城镇化背景下的乡村景观保护机制与模式

发布时间：2018-01-13 08:07

本文关键词：快速城镇化背景下的乡村景观保护机制与模式　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乡村景观作为一种独特的自然文化资源,在传承中华农耕文明、保障粮食安全、维系乡村风貌、协调城镇化、保护生物多样性等方面都发挥着重要的功能。但在快速城镇化过程中,乡村景观特有重要功能正在逐渐丧失。本文从全国、县域(安化县)、村域(马路溪村)三种不同的视角和尺度,探索了集成多尺度空间、多景观利用主体的乡村景观保护路径和方向,为实现乡村景观的可持续发展提供理论和方法支撑。主要研究成果如下:(1)论文提出了乡村景观宏-微观集成保护的基本框架。该框架将乡村景观保护的宏观路径和微观路径进行了有机结合,有助于实现乡村景观特有重要功能的永续发挥及乡村景观的可持续发展。其中,宏观路径是指从乡村景观本身出发,强调对乡村景观本身的重点景观功能与服务区进行识别、保护;微观路径是指从乡村景观利用主体出发,通过对乡村景观利用主体的行为决策引导来实现对乡村景观的保护。(2)构建了基于跨尺度协调的乡村景观保护重要性分级分区体系。该体系共有两级分区:一级分区分Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,主要是受控于大尺度的重要性等级划分,本文引入比例控制法实现大尺度(全国)与核心尺度(安化县)之间的跨尺度控制与协调,结果显示1级区主要包含生产功能和生态功能,其中生态功能尤为突出;Ⅱ级区包含了生产、生态、文化三种功能;Ⅲ级区有生产和文化两种功能;二级分区则是依据核心尺度的自身客观实情灵活确定,应用等分法将研究区Ⅰ级区中的生态功能细分为Ⅰ-i和Ⅰ-ii两个二级区。较于单尺度研究,跨尺度协调研究结果更能体现出核心尺度乡村景观中不同景观功能的定位差异,更利于实现跨尺度区域的协调与可持续发展。(3)剖析了乡村景观利用主体的保护行为决策特征与机制。应用经济理论模型实证分析,指出中央政府是乡村景观保护的积极主导者、政策制度的重要供给者和政策执行的"委托人",其保护决策呈现出从单个部门的单一保护向多个部门联合的综合保护机制转变,这是源于其在社会成本-收益综合权衡下的理性选择;地方政府具有代理人和理性经济人双重身份,这双重身份促使其在政策执行的不同阶段呈现出不同的保护决策特征,以追求自身利益的最大化;农户对不同的景观功能呈现出不同的保护决策特征,这源于农户社会理性人的身份,其决策不仅受经济利益的驱使,更受到伦理道德、风俗习惯、文化传统、价值信念和社会关系等非经济因素的制约。(4)归纳总结了乡村景观保护的发展阶段特征。从研究区及发达国家经验中总结出乡村景观保护发展的四个阶段:即开发保护阶段(含传统利用方式阶段、过度开发阶段和应对保护阶段)、管制阶段、治理阶段和管护阶段。从最初的开发保护阶段到最后的景观管护阶段,景观保护的目标从生产维系到可持续发展逐渐转变,其相应的乡村景观可持续性呈现出先降后升的趋势。(5)探讨构建了城镇化进程中的乡村景观保护模式。针对乡村景观保护进程中的传统、开发、管制、治理等不同阶段提出各自相应的乡村景观保护模式:传统-管护引导保护模式、开发-管护转变保护模式、管制-管护转型保护模式和治理-管护增进保护模式。其中,管制-管护转型保护模式是本研究案例区适宜采纳的模式,其对应的政策建议有:近期健全乡村景观保护的委托-代理奖惩体系、重视乡村景观保护理念的培育与宣传;近远期促进乡村景观各功能要素的协同保护、提升农户在乡村景观保护中的主导作用以及增加乡村景观保护政策的创新与弹性。
[Abstract]:Rural landscape as a unique natural and cultural resources, in the tradition of Chinese agricultural civilization, ensuring food security, maintaining rural style, coordination of urbanization, the protection of biological diversity plays an important function. But in the process of rapid urbanization, the rural landscape unique important function is gradually lost. This paper from the county. (Anhua county), village (Village Road) and three different scale perspective, explores the integration of multi-scale space, multi subject landscape use of rural landscape protection path and direction for the realization of the rural landscape sustainable development support to provide theory and method. The main research results are as follows: (1) paper the basic framework of the rural landscape of macro micro integrated protection. The framework of the macro and micro path of rural landscape protection path for organic integration helps to realize sustainable rural landscape unique important function Sustainable development and rural landscape. Among them, the macroscopic path is starting from the rural landscape, landscape function and service area of emphasis on rural landscape itself identification, protection; micro path is starting from the rural landscape by the main body, through the rural landscape with the behavior of the main decision-making guide to achieve the protection of the rural landscape. (2) the construction of rural landscape protection zoning system the importance of cross scale based on the coordination of the system. A total of two partitions: a branch between I ~ III is mainly controlled by the large scale of the importance of the classification, this paper introduces the proportion control method to achieve large scale (National) and core scale (Anhua county) cross scale control and coordination between the results showed that 1 level area consists mainly of the production function and ecological function, the ecological function is more prominent; the second class area includes production, ecology, culture three functions; III there are two kinds of production function and culture; the two partition is based on its core objective truth scale flexible determined to apply research division method of ecological function subdivision first class area in the I -i and I -ii two level two. Compared with the single scale research, cross scale coordination results more can reflect the positioning of different landscape function in the rural landscape of the core scale differences, more conducive to achieve coordinated and sustainable development of cross scale region. (3) analysis of the rural landscape by the main protection behavior decision characteristics and mechanism analysis. Using economic theory model empirical, pointed out that the central government is actively leading rural landscape protection policy. The system of the important supply and policy implementation of the "client", its protection decision represents comprehensive protection mechanism to protect individual departments from single to multiple departments, this is due to the social cost The rational choice of comprehensive income trade-off; the local government has agents and rational economic man of double identity, this dual identity to show different protection decision characteristics in different stages of policy implementation, to maximize their own interests; farmers of different landscape function shows different characteristics of decision to protect the identity of the source. In the rural social rational people, the decision is not only driven by economic interests, more ethics, customs, cultural traditions, beliefs and value restriction social relations and other non economic factors. (4) summarizes the development stage of rural landscape protection features. Summarizes the four stages of the development of rural landscape protection from the study area and the experience of developed countries in the development stage (including: the protection of the traditional utilization stage, development stage and excessive protection stage, control stage response), governance stage and management stage from. The development and protection of the initial stage to the final stage of landscape management and landscape protection goals from production to maintain sustainable development gradually changing, the sustainability of rural landscape showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. (5) to investigate the construction of urbanization in the rural landscape protection model for the rural landscape in the process of protection. The tradition, development, regulation, governance in different stages are put forward their corresponding rural landscape protection mode: traditional management - guide mode of protection, development and Transformation - protection mode, control management transformation protection mode and Governance - pipe protection promote protection mode. The control and protection mode is the transition area is suitable for the adoption of case study in the model, the corresponding policy recommendations are: improve the recent principal Rural Landscape Protection Agency reward system, pay more attention to cultivate and promote the idea of rural landscape protection; promote the village near and far The synergistic protection of the functional elements of the landscape, the promotion of the leading role of farmers in the rural landscape protection and the increase of the innovation and flexibility of the policy of rural landscape protection.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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