基于元胞自动机的海上航道内船舶交通流研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 08:18

本文关键词：基于元胞自动机的海上航道内船舶交通流研究　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着海上船舶向高速化、大型化的发展,部分重要航道内船舶密度的逐渐增大,拥挤航道内出现了较为频繁的减速跟随和转向追越前船的航行行为,致使航道内的交通变得越来越复杂。为揭示此类复杂交通现象产生的机理,促进海上交通流相关研究的发展,需要对海上交通流中减速跟随和转向追越前船这类微观行为进行建模。基于元胞自动机的交通流模型作为一种微观交通流模型,被广泛地应用在车辆、船舶等交通流研究中,是当前主要的交通流模型之一。通过总结海上元胞自动机交通流模型的发展现状,分析影响元胞自动机应用于船舶交通流研究的瓶颈问题,分析航道内船舶的实际交通数据,研究航道内船舶行为特征,建立了基于元胞自动机的海上航道内船舶交通流模型。提出了基于空间-逻辑映射规则的航道离散方法。该方法解决了由航道宽度变窄引起的空间离散化问题。当实际航道宽度变窄时,若借鉴道路空间离散方法直接对航道进行离散化,所得结果存在部分通道缺失的情况,在进行交通流仿真时会引起与实际情况不符的船舶"伪换道"现象。该问题制约了元胞自动机在船舶交通流研究中的应用。因此,通过分析实际宽度变窄航道中的船舶航迹分布特征与船舶航行规律,提出了适用于船舶交通流的航道空间离散方法。该方法能对宽度变窄的航道进行空间离散化并映射到宽度不变的元胞空间中,实现了由宽度变化航道向宽度不变航道的转换,为制定合理的元胞自动机演化规则奠定了基础。应用该方法对宽度变窄的航道进行了离散化处理,并基于离散结果进行了交通流仿真,通过与实际船舶航行数据对比,验证了该方法的有效性。建立了基于元胞自动机的单向航道内追越受限条件下的船舶交通流模型。在该模型中,主要对后船速度大于前船但无法追越时,受前船影响而必须采取减速跟随的行为进行了研究。通过分析航行过程中后船减速跟随前船的实际航行行为,并结合船舶避碰的研究成果,确定船舶减速的时机和幅度,制定对应的元胞自动机演化规则,建立了基于元胞自动机的单向航道内追越受限条件下的船舶交通流模型。该模型适用于不满足追越条件时的船舶交通行为仿真或单向航道内禁止追越的船舶交通流仿真,为单向航道内可追越条件下船舶交通流模型的建立奠定了基础。建立了基于元胞自动机的单向航道内可追越条件下的船舶交通流模型。在该模型中,着重研究了船舶的追越行为,并制定了对应的元胞自动机演化规则。在该演化规则中,考虑了后船在追越过程中不与他船产生新紧迫局面的原则、追越过程中船间通过甚高频电话协商避碰对船舶行为的影响、后船为保持足够的安全横距采取转向行为时对速度的影响、两艘或两艘以上船舶进行追越时的目标位置冲突,从而令该模型更加符合船舶在实际追越过程中的规律与特点。最后,通过对实际航道中船舶交通流的仿真,对模型进行了验证。通过以上研究,解决了由航道宽度变化引起的"伪换道"问题;针对航道内船舶减速跟随和追越前船的行为,基于元胞自动机提出了单向航道内追越受限和可追越条件下的船舶交通流模型,促进了元胞自动机在海上船舶交通流建模中的应用,为海上船舶交通流理论的发展做出了一定的贡献。
[Abstract]:With the ship to the high-speed, large-scale development, gradually increased in some important waterway vessel density, crowded channel appeared in the navigation act frequently deceleration follow and turn overtaking before the ship, the waterway traffic is becoming more and more complex. In order to reveal the mechanism of this kind of complex traffic phenomena, promote the development of the marine traffic related research, the need for maritime traffic flow in the micro behavior and deceleration follow to overtake before the ship is modeled. The cellular automaton traffic flow model as a microscopic traffic flow model based on, is widely used in vehicles, ships and other traffic flow research, is the main traffic one of the flow model. By summarizing the current development of maritime traffic cellular automaton model, analysis the bottleneck affecting the cellular automaton application in ship traffic flow research, analysis of the channel in the ship. When the traffic data of waterway ship behavior, sea lanes is established based on cellular automaton ship traffic flow model is proposed. The spatial logic mapping rule method based on discrete channel. This method solves the discrete problem caused by space narrowing the channel width. When the actual channel width, if reference the spatial discretization method is used to discretize the direct channel, the results are part of the channel is absent, the traffic flow simulation will cause the ship "inconsistent with the actual situation of the pseudo change" phenomenon. This problem restricts the cellular automaton and its application in the study of vessel traffic flow. Therefore, through the analysis of the actual width the ship track distribution and navigation channel in the proposed rule, the channel space suitable for ship traffic flow discrete method. This method can narrow the channel on the air Between the discrete and mapped to the constant width of the cellular space, realize the conversion from the width of the channel to the same width of the channel, laid the foundation for the reasonable evolution of cellular automaton rules. The method is used for discretization of the width of the channel, and based on the results of discrete traffic flow simulation by comparison with the actual data, sailing ship, to verify the effectiveness of the method. The ship traffic flow model based on cellular automaton in one-way channel after more limited conditions. In this model, mainly on the boat speed is higher than before the ship but could not overtake, first ship must take effect follow the deceleration behavior of the sailing ship before follow the act through the analysis of the navigation process after the ship speed, and the research results of ship collision, determine the timing and magnitude of ship speed and make the corresponding Cellular automaton evolution rule, established the ship traffic flow model based on cellular automaton in one-way channel after more limited conditions. This model is suitable for ship traffic flow simulation can not meet the prohibition of overtaking vessel traffic behavior simulation overtaking conditions or one-way channel, laid the foundation for the establishment of a one-way channel can be under the condition of the overtaking vessel traffic flow model. The ship can overtake the traffic flow model under the condition of one-way channel cellular automaton is established. In this model, focusing on the ship Overtaking Behavior, and formulate the corresponding evolution of cellular automaton rules. In the rules of evolution, consider the boat in the overtaking process and his ship new urgent situation of the principle of overtaking process between the ships by VHF telephone consultation effect on the behavior of ship collision avoidance, the boat in order to keep enough safety distance to take the line It's influence on the speed of the target position conflict between two or more vessels are overtaking when, in order to make the model more in line with the law and characteristics of the ship in the actual overtaking process. Finally, through the simulation of the ship channel in actual traffic flow, the model is validated. Through the above research, to solve the the channel width changes caused by the "pseudo change" problem; to channel within the ship before the ship deceleration follow and Overtaking Behavior Based on cellular automaton ship traffic flow model in one-way channel overtaking limited and overtaking conditions put forward, promote cellular automaton in marine traffic flow modeling and make a certain contribution for the development of marine traffic flow theory.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U692

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