聚丙烯无纺布表面亲疏水位点的构建及其吸附性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 02:15

本文选题：吸附　切入点：双亲性　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究采用辐照接枝的方式将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体引入聚丙烯非织造布表面,并通过与正辛胺开环反应制备出一种具有亲疏水位点的双亲性非织造布(PP-g-GMA-OA)。系统研究了该非织造布对邻苯二甲酸酯(DBP和DEHP)和双酚A(BPA)等内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的吸附性能和吸附行为。通过红外(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角(CA)以及激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(CLSM)等方式,探究了 PP-g-GMA-OA非织造布的表面官能团、元素组成、表面形貌、表面能和内部空间结构。此外本研究还构建了一种疏水性的对比结构(PP-g-LMA),通过对两者吸附性能、吸附动力学、吸附作用力、吸附过程活化能等方面的对比,量化亲疏水位点对于吸附行为的影响。采用红外光谱分析和计算微分吸附焓的方法,检测氢键作用和疏水作用力作用的存在,提出氢键作用与疏水作用的协同吸附过程,探究两种作用力的协同吸附效应。通过对比性结构设计和改变溶剂体系,建立方程量化氢键作用与疏水作用的参与度,结果表明疏水作用力是主要作用力,氢键作用辅助参与吸附。从吸附过程能量的角度提出氢键吸附优先性原则,即吸附质优先占据能量较高的氢键吸附位点,然后再占据能量相对较低的疏水作用位点。设计聚丙烯微粒接枝实验,采用粒径测试,将接枝构型与吸附行为相结合,认为接枝层具有收缩性构型和舒张型构型两种构型,相比于收缩型构型,舒张型构型能够提供更多的吸附空间和吸附位点,因此更有利于吸附。将污染体系扩展到油水乳液,提出关于吸油材料构建的两个悖论,认为强疏水性与高孔隙率等吸油材料的构建方式忽视了溢油事故的实际情况。因此本研提出了双亲性改性和构建贯穿通道的方法,成功地解决了常规吸附法无法清除油水乳液污染的问题。最后本研究采用紫外辐照交联法在聚丙烯吸油毡表面构建高分子单向扩散层(PP-g-LA-co-EGDMA吸油毡),解决了常规纤维型吸油材料吸附量低,保油性能差的问题。当发生饱和吸附时,交联层溶胀不仅增加吸油容量,而且交联层内部的三维网状结构能够有效阻止污染物渗出,增强保油性能。同时构建的交联层能够可以支撑内部的纤维结构,阻止基体内部的结构塌陷,增强纤维材料的重复使用性能。
[Abstract]:In this study, the glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer was introduced into the surface of polypropylene nonwovens by irradiation grafting. A kind of amphiphilic nonwovens PP-g-GMA-OAA with affinity water level was prepared by ring-opening reaction with n-octylamine. The adsorption properties of PP-g-GMA-OA-OAA for endocrine disrupters such as DBP and DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) were systematically studied. Adsorption behavior. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle (CAA) and laser confocal scanning microscope (CLSM), The surface functional groups, elemental composition, surface morphology, surface energy and internal spatial structure of PP-g-GMA-OA nonwovens were investigated. Comparison of adsorption force, activation energy of adsorption process, quantification of influence of affinity water level point on adsorption behavior. Infrared spectrum analysis and calculation of differential adsorption enthalpy are used to detect the existence of hydrogen bond and hydrophobic force. The synergistic adsorption process of hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction was proposed, and the synergistic adsorption effect of the two forces was explored. By designing and changing the solvent system, the equation was established to quantify the participation of hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. The results show that the hydrophobic force is the main force and the hydrogen bond plays an auxiliary role in the adsorption. From the point of view of the energy of the adsorption process, the principle of hydrogen bond adsorption priority is put forward, that is, the adsorbate preferentially occupies the high energy hydrogen bond adsorption site. Then the grafted polypropylene particles were designed and the grafted structure was combined with the adsorption behavior. It was concluded that the grafted layer had two configurations: shrinkage configuration and diastolic configuration. Compared with the contractile configuration, the diastolic configuration can provide more adsorption space and sites, so it is more favorable for adsorption. Two paradoxes about the construction of oil-absorbent materials are proposed by extending the polluted system to oil-water emulsion. It is considered that the construction of oil-absorbing materials such as strong hydrophobicity and high porosity ignores the actual situation of oil spill accidents. The problem that the conventional adsorption method can not remove the contamination of oil-water emulsion has been successfully solved. Finally, in this study, the unidirectional diffusion layer (PP-g-LA-co-EGDMA) was constructed on the surface of polypropylene oil absorbing felt by ultraviolet irradiation crosslinking method, which solved the problem of conventional fiber. Type A oil absorbent material with low adsorption capacity, When saturated adsorption occurs, the swelling of the crosslinked layer not only increases the oil absorption capacity, but also the three-dimensional network structure inside the crosslinked layer can effectively prevent the contaminants from leaking out. At the same time, the cross-linking layer can support the internal fiber structure, prevent the structure of the matrix from collapsing, and enhance the reusability of the fiber material.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS176;O647.3

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