风力机叶片集成参数化设计理论与聚能风力机气动性能分析研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 02:36

本文选题：风力机叶片　切入点：翼型集成理论　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着能源和环境问题的日益严峻,新能源的研究越来越受到各国的关注和重视。风能是无污染的可再生能源,也是地球上最古老的能源之一,具有蕴藏量大,分布广的优点。降低风力发电成本对现代风力机提出高性能的要求,针对这一问题,本文以风力机专用翼型参数化设计为基础,提出了一种风力机翼型、叶片以及聚能装置协同设计的方法,并系统研究了风力机的参数化表达、设计与分析理论。为实现风力机叶片的三维参数化设计与建模,建立了包含风力机翼型轮廓线以及弦长分布和扭角分布的混合参数化数学模型。综合翼型集成参数化理论与Bezier曲线拟合的混合建模方法,以拟合标准差最小为目标,对风力机翼型形状函参数的最优值进行了迭代求解,同时对弦长分布和扭角分布进行了修正和参数化表达,从而获得了更加光顺的风力机叶片外形。以某小型风力机叶片为例,通过用58个控制参数进行参数化建模,对应参数化表达的拟合风力机叶片在功率、载荷和噪声等变化曲线与原风力机吻合一致,符合收敛的精度的要求,为风力机叶片三维协同参数化设计提供了理论基础。为了得到拥有优良气动特性且低噪声水平的风力机专用翼型的轮廓线,提出了翼型多工况点多目标综合优化设计方法。基于叶片不同部位对翼型的特殊要求,建立了各自优化命题和求解方法,为低风速风场工况下的小型风力机叶片设计了一套具有高气动性能、低噪声水平的风力机专用翼型族。提高风力机功率系数是降低风力机发电成本的关键技术,为此提出了一种聚能风力机构型设计及其运行特性的优化设计方法。基于扩散器计算流体力学模型和叶素动量理论,推导了传统风力机与聚能风力机统一的气动性能计算模型。通过翼型、扩散器装置、叶片数和桨距角的协同优化配置得到了一种小型高效的聚能风力机叶片。与同等尺寸的传统风力机叶片对比,优化得到的聚能风力机的启动风速得到了有效降低,且年发电量为原风力机的1.96倍。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems, the research of new energy has attracted more and more attention. Wind energy is a non-polluting renewable energy, and it is one of the oldest energy sources on the earth. The advantages of wide distribution. To reduce the cost of wind power generation, a new type of wind turbine wing is proposed based on the parameterized design of the special airfoil of the wind turbine, aiming at the demand of high performance for the modern wind turbine. In order to realize the 3D parametric design and modeling of wind turbine blade, the parametric expression, design and analysis theory of wind turbine are studied systematically. A hybrid parameterized mathematical model including wind wing profile, chord length distribution and torsional angle distribution is established. A hybrid modeling method based on the integrated parameterization theory of airfoil and Bezier curve fitting is proposed. The minimum fitting standard deviation is the objective. The optimal value of the shape function parameters of wind wing is solved iteratively, and the chord length distribution and torsional angle distribution are modified and parameterized to obtain a more smooth blade shape of wind turbine. A small wind turbine blade is taken as an example. By parameterized modeling with 58 control parameters, the corresponding parameterized fitting curves of wind turbine blades in power, load and noise are consistent with those of the original wind turbine, and accord with the requirements of convergence accuracy. It provides a theoretical basis for the 3D collaborative parametric design of wind turbine blades. In order to obtain the contour of the special airfoil of wind turbine with excellent aerodynamic characteristics and low noise level, Based on the special requirements of different parts of the blade for airfoil, the optimization proposition and solution method are established. A set of special airfoil families with high aerodynamic performance and low noise level is designed for small wind turbine blades under low wind speed. Increasing the power coefficient of wind turbine is the key technology to reduce the cost of wind turbine power generation. In this paper, an optimal design method of shaped wind mechanism and its operating characteristics is proposed. Based on the diffuser computational fluid dynamics model and the theory of leaf element momentum, The unified aerodynamic performance calculation model of traditional wind turbine and shaped wind turbine is derived. A small and efficient shaped wind turbine blade is obtained by co-optimizing the number of blades and the pitch angle of the propeller. Compared with the traditional wind turbine blades of the same size, the start-up wind speed of the optimized shaped wind turbine is reduced effectively. And the annual power generation is 1.96 times of the original wind turbine.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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