采场覆岩载荷三带结构模型及其在冲击危险辨识中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-23 17:39

本文选题：冲击地压 + 覆岩结构　；参考：《北京科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：作为煤矿的主要动力灾害之一,冲击地压至今尚未从根本上解决有效预测和科学防治的问题。冲击地压的发生机理复杂、影响因素多、治理难度大,本文从"分类分治"的理念出发,提出了以应力与围岩作用关系为基础的冲击危险性辨识方法,在此基础上,提出了"分类分治"的冲击地压防治技术。基于防冲的需要,建立了覆岩载荷三带结构模型,采用理论分析、案例调研、力学计算、现场运用、数值模拟、工程类比等手段,研究了冲击地压的发生机理及主要影响因素,提出了冲击危险性辨识方法,主要的创新性成果如下:1)提出了影响采场冲击地压应力场的覆岩载荷三带结构模型。根据采场边界条件与覆岩结构的关系,按照岩层加载方式的不同,将采场上覆岩层分为"即时加载带"、"延时加载带"和"静载带",并定义了其范围,实现了掘进工作面、单一回采工作面和多个回采工作面覆岩结构特征的连续表达。分析了载荷三带岩层的动态演化及其对冲击危险性的影响。2)建立了典型开采边界条件下的载荷三带应力影响范围估算模型。根据载荷三带岩层在回采过程中的运动规律,计算了 "即时加载带"和"延时加载带"在回采过程中对煤壁施加的超前支承压力和侧向支承压力的大小及分布形式,为进一步分析覆岩运动对采场冲击危险性的影响奠定了基础。3)提出了冲击地压围岩结构类型及其局部稳定性计算方法。分析了深部巷道常见的变形破坏形态,研究了 "巷道-煤层-岩层"的十种空间类型与冲击破坏位置的关系。提出了围岩的两帮稳定性系数IB、顶板稳定性系数ID和底板稳定性系数IF,并利用该系数快速估计巷道局部位置的围岩稳定性,进而判断冲击危险性。4)提出了基于载荷三带应力与围岩作用关系的冲击危险辨识方法。将影响冲击地压的八种典型外部力源类型和十种典型巷道围岩空间关系进行组合,实现对冲击地压的分类;采用应力叠加和载荷三带理论模型,对巷道整体稳定性和局部稳定性进行估算,结合被评价位置的煤岩体冲击倾向性,实现冲击危险性辨识。在此基础上,提出了冲击地压"分类分治"的措施。本文的研究成果已经在山东能源集团逐步推广应用,取得了明显的效果。
[Abstract]:As one of the main dynamic disasters in coal mine, the problem of effective prediction and scientific prevention has not been solved by the impact ground pressure. The occurrence mechanism of impact ground pressure is complex, there are many influencing factors and it is difficult to manage. This paper, based on the concept of "classification and control", puts forward a method to identify the impact risk based on the relationship between stress and surrounding rock. This paper puts forward the technology of prevention and cure of shock ground pressure by classified division and control. Based on the need of anti-scour, a three-belt structure model of overburden load is established. By means of theoretical analysis, case study, mechanical calculation, field application, numerical simulation and engineering analogy, the occurrence mechanism and main influencing factors of impact ground pressure are studied. The main innovative results are as follows: 1) the three-zone structure model of overburden load which affects the stress field of rock burst in stope is proposed. According to the relationship between stope boundary conditions and overburden structure, according to the different loading modes of strata, the overburden strata in stope are divided into "immediate loading zone", "delayed loading zone" and "static load zone", and its scope is defined to realize the heading face. Continuous expression of overburden structure characteristics of single and multiple mining faces. The dynamic evolution of the three zones of load and its influence on the impact risk are analyzed. 2) the estimation model of the influence range of the load three zone stress under the typical mining boundary condition is established. According to the movement law of three zones of load strata in the process of mining, the magnitude and distribution of the leading supporting pressure and lateral supporting pressure applied to the coal wall during the mining process of "immediate loading zone" and "delay loading zone" are calculated. For the further analysis of the influence of overburden movement on stope impact hazard, a method for calculating the structure type and local stability of rockburst surrounding rock is put forward. The common deformation and failure patterns of deep roadway are analyzed, and the relationship between ten space types of roadway, coal seam and rock stratum and the location of impact failure is studied. The stability coefficient IBS, ID of roof stability and IFF of floor plate of surrounding rock are put forward, and the stability of surrounding rock in local position of roadway is estimated quickly by using this coefficient. Furthermore, a method for identifying the impact risk is proposed based on the relationship between the three-band stress of load and the action of surrounding rock. Eight typical external force sources affecting impact ground pressure are combined with the spatial relations of ten typical roadways surrounding rock to realize the classification of impact ground pressure, and the stress superposition and load three zone theory model are adopted. The whole stability and local stability of roadway are estimated, and the impact risk identification is realized by combining the impact tendency of coal and rock mass of the evaluated position. On this basis, the measures of classifying and controlling the impact ground pressure are put forward. The research results of this paper have been gradually popularized and applied in Shandong Energy Group, and obvious results have been obtained.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD324

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