厚硬岩层矿井矿震与冲击复合动力灾害防控研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 15:57

  本文选题：煤矿开采 + 覆岩运动　； 参考：《北京科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来厚硬岩层矿井矿震等动力灾害频发,强矿震除了能够诱发井下冲击之外,还能够对建(构)筑物造成震动损害,给矿区居民造成心理“恐慌”矿震由采矿安全问题逐步演化成公共安全问题。针对厚硬岩层矿井,前人研究主要偏向于井下灾害防治,但是兼顾井下防冲与地面防(减)震的理论和方法研究相对较少。鉴于此,本文开展了厚硬岩层矿井矿震与冲击复合动力灾害防控研究,取得了如下主要成果：(1)研究了厚硬岩层运动与垂直应力和水平应力演化之间的关系,提出了厚硬岩层采场条件下“矿震-冲击”复合型动力灾害发生的预测模型。以工作面开采前-中-后的厚硬岩层运动状态和覆岩结构分布为基础,划分了不同采动类型的工作面,得到了采场围岩垂直和水平应力估算方法,建立了此条件下厚硬岩层破断运动模型,提出了厚硬岩层采场条件下“矿震-冲击”复合型动力灾害的预测模型。(2)提出了厚硬岩层破断运动的地面“震动损害边界”的观点及其评估预测方法。在强矿震引起地面震动案例分析的基础上,提出了“震动损害边界”的观点,以质点震动速度作为震动损害的主要评价指标,初步建立了矿震诱发地面震动损害的评估方法。根据厚硬岩层破断诱发强矿震的条件,提出了降低地面震动损害的防控思路：①改变矿震孕育的条件,②减小一次矿震释放的能量。通过现场开采实践,取得了良好效果。(3)探讨了深井厚硬岩层条件矿井煤柱冲击失稳与变形和地面建筑物保护的关系,提出了控制长期高应力作用下煤柱冲击失稳与变形的方法。方法包括：①走向方向煤柱不发生冲击失稳破坏：②走向方向煤柱不发生煤体长时强度降低而导致的失稳破坏；③倾斜方向煤柱保持均匀变形,从而使地面不发生明显拉伸破坏。通过建立模型,得到了煤柱宽度设计公式,研究成果在山东某矿得到验证与运用。(4)研究了厚硬岩层-煤柱(小关键工作面)系统的协调变形、失稳预测和灾害防治方法。以某矿实际工程为背景,分析煤柱竖直变形的应力来源、形式和整体协调变形机制,得到了厚硬岩层-煤柱系统协调变形的应力应变关系,探讨了厚硬岩层-煤柱系统失稳类型、判据及其对井下动力灾害发生影响。(5)提出了厚硬岩层采场关键(回采)工作面防冲-减震的开采设计优化方法。采用工作面整体稳定性和矿震引起地面建(构)筑物的震动损害作为主要评估指标,通过优化设计,确定了关键工作面位置及参数。本文的观点和相关结论是初步的,尚需要在更多的实践和理论分析基础上不断改进和完善,为解决工程难题提供更有效的理论和方法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there have been frequent dynamic disasters such as mine earthquakes in thick and hard rock strata. Strong mine earthquakes can not only induce underground shocks, but also cause vibration damage to buildings. The mine shock caused psychological panic to the mining area residents from the mining safety problem to the public safety problem. For thick and hard strata mine, previous researches are mainly focused on downhole disaster prevention, but the theory and method of both downhole erosion prevention and surface earthquake mitigation are relatively few. In view of this, this paper has carried out the study on the prevention and control of mine earthquake and shock combined dynamic disasters in thick hard rock mines. The main achievements are as follows: 1) the relationship between the movement of thick hard rock and the evolution of vertical stress and horizontal stress is studied. A prediction model for the occurrence of complex dynamic disasters of "mine shock and shock" under the condition of thick hard rock stope is put forward. Based on the movement state of thick hard strata and the distribution of overburden structure before and after mining, the working faces of different mining types are divided, and the vertical and horizontal stress estimation methods of surrounding rock in stope are obtained. The fracture movement model of thick hard rock under this condition is established. In this paper, the prediction model of "mine shock impact" composite dynamic disaster under the condition of thick hard rock stope is put forward. The viewpoint of ground "vibration damage boundary" of thick hard rock stratum breaking movement and its evaluation and prediction method are put forward. On the basis of case analysis of ground motion caused by strong mine earthquake, the paper puts forward the viewpoint of "vibration damage boundary". Taking particle vibration velocity as the main evaluation index of vibration damage, a preliminary evaluation method of ground motion damage induced by mine earthquake is established. According to the condition of strong mine earthquake induced by thick hard rock fracture, the prevention and control thought of reducing ground vibration damage is put forward. The way of prevention and control is to change the condition of mine earthquake preparation by changing the condition of mine earthquake preparation and to reduce the energy released by a mine earthquake. Through the field mining practice, good results have been obtained.) the relationship between the impact instability and deformation of coal pillar and the protection of ground building under the condition of thick and hard strata in deep well is discussed, and the method of controlling the impact instability and deformation of coal pillar under the action of long-term high stress is put forward. The method includes the failure of impact instability of the pillar in the direction of 1: 1 strike direction, the failure of the pillar in the direction of strike 2 of the coal pillar caused by the reduction of the long-term strength of the coal body, and the failure of the pillar in the inclined direction of the coal pillar to maintain uniform deformation. As a result, there is no obvious tensile damage to the ground. By establishing the model, the design formula of coal pillar width is obtained, and the research results are verified and applied in a certain mine in Shandong Province. The coordinated deformation, instability prediction and disaster prevention methods of thick hard rock stratum and coal pillar (small key face) system are studied. Based on the actual engineering of a certain mine, the stress source, form and overall coordinated deformation mechanism of coal pillar vertical deformation are analyzed, and the stress-strain relationship between thick hard rock stratum and coal pillar system is obtained. This paper discusses the instability type of thick hard rock stratum-coal pillar system, the criterion and its influence on underground dynamic disaster. It puts forward the mining design optimization method for the key (mining) face of thick hard rock strata to prevent scour and reduce vibration. The overall stability of the working face and the ground building (structure) damage caused by the mine earthquake are used as the main evaluation indexes. Through the optimization design, the position and parameters of the key working face are determined. The viewpoints and relevant conclusions of this paper are preliminary and need to be improved and perfected on the basis of more practice and theoretical analysis to provide more effective theories and methods for solving engineering problems.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD32
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本文编号：2027244