雾霾约束下中国环境技术效率评价及其与公众健康的关联研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 04:50

【摘要】：自2012年起,雾霾为中国各界人士所广泛关注。因此,针对雾霾污染及其所约束的环境技术效率评价也为越来越多的研究者所关心。本研究首先深入分析中国雾霾污染与经济增长之间的关系及其特征;其次,在传统环境技术效率研究的基础上,引入雾霾这一新的约束条件,评价了雾霾约束下中国各省市环境技术效率,并以环境技术效率视角检验了环境库兹涅茨曲线的适用性:最后,尝试研究了环境技术效率与公共健康的关联程度。本文的主要研究结论如下:(1)考虑雾霾约束下的环境技术效率平均值为0.706,无约束下技术效率值为0.867。两者有显著差异,雾霾约束下的环境技术效率到生产前沿面的距离远于无约束下的技术效率。基于变异系数及秩和检验的结果均显示不考虑雾霾约束的技术效率评价是有偏的。(2)总体来看,中国各省市在不改变投入产出的前提下,能源消耗、水资源消耗以及雾霾减排空间较大。样本考察期间,各地区平均节能潜力、节水潜力、减霾潜力分别为24.26%、39.16%、26.49%。节能减霾应成为中国各省市提升环境技术效率的工作重点。(3)SBM-Undesirable区间模型的构建及应用使技术效率评价更加全面。考虑雾霾高低浓度区间数的效率测度表明,区间DEA部分有效、有效、无效省份数依此减少,分别占比62.22%、29.44%、8.33%。模糊左关系排序法显示,横向截面上区间DEA有效省份数在减少,各省市截面排序变化程度较大;纵向时序上区间DEA效率有效年份较少且有效性省份数呈减少态势。(4)雾霾约束下的环境技术效率与经济规模存在倒U曲线关系,但与传统的环境库兹涅茨曲线的意义恰好相反。技术创新、贸易依存度、地区发达程度与环境技术效率之间显著正相关。环境规制、产业结构、人口密度与环境技术效率显著负相关。FDI对环境技术效率负影响但不显著。(5)雾霾约束下的环境技术效率与公众健康具有显著正相关性。一方面,农村居民健康支出能力、千人卫生技术人员数、人口密度及城市化水平与公众健康呈正相关性。另一方面,教育程度、城镇居民健康支出能力与公众健康之间并不存在有效显著性。
[Abstract]:Since 2012, haze has been widely concerned by people from all walks of life in China. Therefore, more and more researchers are concerned about the environmental technical efficiency evaluation of haze pollution and its constraints. Firstly, the relationship between haze pollution and economic growth in China and its characteristics are analyzed. Secondly, based on the research of traditional environmental technical efficiency, this paper introduces haze, which is a new constraint condition, to evaluate the environmental technical efficiency of provinces and cities in China under the constraint of haze. The applicability of the environmental Kuznets curve is tested from the perspective of environmental technical efficiency. Finally, the relationship between environmental technical efficiency and public health is studied. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the average value of environmental technical efficiency considering haze constraint is 0.706, and the technical efficiency value of unconstrained environment is 0.867. There is a significant difference between the two. The distance from the environmental technical efficiency to the production frontier under haze constraint is longer than that under the unconstrained environment. The results of variance coefficient and rank sum test show that the evaluation of technical efficiency without haze constraint is biased. (2) in general, the energy consumption of provinces and cities in China is not changed without changing the input and output. Water resources consumption and haze emission reduction space is large. During the period of sample investigation, the average energy saving potential, water saving potential and haze abatement potential of each region were 24.266.16 and 26.49, respectively. Energy saving and haze reduction should be the focus of environmental technical efficiency in China. (3) the construction and application of SBM-Undesirable interval model make the evaluation of technical efficiency more comprehensive. The efficiency measure considering the range number of high and low haze concentrations shows that the interval DEA is partially effective, and the number of invalid provinces is reduced accordingly, accounting for 62.22% and 29.44 / 8.33 respectively. The fuzzy left relation ranking method shows that the number of effective provinces of interval DEA is decreasing on the transverse section, and the degree of cross-section ranking of provinces and cities varies greatly. In the longitudinal time series, the effective years of interval DEA efficiency are few and the number of effective provinces is decreasing. (4) the relationship between environmental technical efficiency and economic scale under haze constraint is inversely U curve. But the meaning of Kuznets curve is opposite to that of traditional environmental Kuznets curve. Technological innovation, trade dependence, regional development and environmental technical efficiency are positively correlated. Environmental regulation, industrial structure, population density and environmental technical efficiency are negatively correlated. FDI has a negative effect on environmental technical efficiency, but not significant. (5) Environmental technical efficiency under haze constraints has a significant positive correlation with public health. On the one hand, the health expenditure ability of rural residents, the number of thousands of health technicians, the population density and the level of urbanization are positively correlated with public health. On the other hand, there is no significant difference between education level, health expenditure ability of urban residents and public health.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X51

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