民国建筑中设计意识现代性研究
发布时间：2019-04-23 21:44
【摘要】：论文研究中国现代建筑的起源情况,以及在特定历史条件下,在建筑设计中表达中国传统形式的必要性和可行方式。认为"中国现代建筑设计"包括现代性和民族性两方面。中国现代建筑设计意识与当时文化思想平行对应,沿"接着讲"与"照着讲"两种现代性道路发展。为便于分析诸建筑类型,建立了关于建筑的体-质-文的三层次叙述体系。"接着讲"的中国建筑现代性体现分析方法,分析传统建筑特征是设计基础。包括两个类型:中国传统宫殿形式现代化改造,以及适应现代结构、局部构件结合传统装饰纹样。这两类建筑以正面远观的方式观看。"照着讲"的中国建筑现代性体现模仿方法,包括西方折中风格建筑、具有现代主义特征的建筑,东西杂糅建筑等。移植西方折中风格建筑同时引入了适应高密度建设条件的近观城市设计思想;东西杂糅建筑说明从模仿到消化是一个过程,模仿是消化的前一阶段,是"照着讲"的阶段;消化是"接着讲"的阶段。借用熊梦飞的观点,对于现代进程中的后发国家,都是始于模仿,终于创造;一面模仿追赶,一面创造。不同现代性道路可在中西调和的文化观下,走向适合钢骨(筋)混凝土砖石(木)混合结构的房屋形式,具有适合这种结构的比例和弱化的局部装饰,是适宜的中国现代建筑形式。论文后部分分析了新中国对民国时期形成的现代建筑形式的延续。建国后,解释建筑的语境发生根本变化,用阶级的、群众路线的观点和话语解释建筑。1955年后,在节约和反映民族形式的共同要求下,走向一种现代建筑设计原则,即不注重表面形式要素,而注重整体形式要素折射民族传统,强调形式表现新技术的真实性,考虑建筑形式与城市环境的关系。通过比较民国时期和新中国初期建筑形式,认为尽管有解释语境的根本变化,新中国建筑形式延续了民国建筑形式。说明建筑形式的发展具有不随解释语境变化而变化的内在规律。论文最后指出中国建筑现代性的特点。中国现代建筑在模仿追赶西方中调整同现代生活和民族传统的关系,由此产生创新。中国建筑的现代性是具有民族特性的模仿追赶的现代性。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the origin of Chinese modern architecture and the necessity and feasibility of expressing Chinese traditional form in architectural design under specific historical conditions. The author thinks that Chinese modern architectural design includes two aspects: modernity and nationality. The Chinese modern architectural design consciousness is parallel to the cultural thought at that time, and develops along the two modern roads of "follow-up talk" and "follow-up talk". In order to facilitate the analysis of various architectural types, a three-level narrative system about the body-quality-text of architecture is established. The analysis method of the modernity of Chinese architecture is described, and the analysis of the characteristics of traditional architecture is the basis of design. It includes two types: the modernization of Chinese traditional palace form, and the adaptation of modern structure, the combination of local components and traditional decorative patterns. These two types of architecture are viewed in a positive and distant way. The modernity of Chinese architecture, such as the western compromise style architecture, the architecture with modernist characteristics, the mixture of the east and the west, and so on, is embodied in the imitation method of the modernity of Chinese architecture. The idea of near-view urban design adapted to the conditions of high-density construction is introduced at the same time in the transplantation of western eclectic architecture, the mixture of the east and the west explains that from imitation to digestion is a process, imitation is the first stage of digestion, and it is the stage of "telling according to the word". Digestion is the stage of going on. To borrow Xiong Mengfei's point of view, for the late-developing countries in the modern process, they all begin with imitation and finally create, while imitating catch-up and creating at the same time. Under the cultural view of harmony between China and the West, different modern roads can move towards a house form suitable for the mixed structure of steel-reinforced concrete masonry (wood), with a proportion suitable for this kind of structure and a weakened local decoration. It is a suitable form of modern Chinese architecture. The last part of the paper analyzes the continuation of the modern architectural form formed in the Republic of China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, a fundamental change took place in the context of explaining architecture, and the views and discourses of class and mass line were used to explain architecture. After 1955, under the common request of saving and reflecting the national form, it went towards a kind of modern architectural design principle. That is, not paying attention to the surface form elements, but paying attention to the integral form elements reflecting the national tradition, emphasizing the authenticity of the new technology in the form expression, and considering the relationship between the architectural form and the urban environment. By comparing the architectural forms between the Republic of China period and the initial period of New China, the author holds that despite the fundamental changes of the explanatory context, the architectural forms of New China continue the architectural forms of the Republic of China. It shows that the development of architectural form has an inherent law that does not change with the change of explanatory context. Finally, the paper points out the characteristics of the modernity of Chinese architecture. In imitating and catching up with the West, China's modern architecture adjusts its relationship with modern life and national tradition, resulting in innovation. The modernity of Chinese architecture is the modernity of imitating catch-up with national characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中央美术学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU-092.6;TU201
，
本文编号：2463824
[Abstract]:This paper studies the origin of Chinese modern architecture and the necessity and feasibility of expressing Chinese traditional form in architectural design under specific historical conditions. The author thinks that Chinese modern architectural design includes two aspects: modernity and nationality. The Chinese modern architectural design consciousness is parallel to the cultural thought at that time, and develops along the two modern roads of "follow-up talk" and "follow-up talk". In order to facilitate the analysis of various architectural types, a three-level narrative system about the body-quality-text of architecture is established. The analysis method of the modernity of Chinese architecture is described, and the analysis of the characteristics of traditional architecture is the basis of design. It includes two types: the modernization of Chinese traditional palace form, and the adaptation of modern structure, the combination of local components and traditional decorative patterns. These two types of architecture are viewed in a positive and distant way. The modernity of Chinese architecture, such as the western compromise style architecture, the architecture with modernist characteristics, the mixture of the east and the west, and so on, is embodied in the imitation method of the modernity of Chinese architecture. The idea of near-view urban design adapted to the conditions of high-density construction is introduced at the same time in the transplantation of western eclectic architecture, the mixture of the east and the west explains that from imitation to digestion is a process, imitation is the first stage of digestion, and it is the stage of "telling according to the word". Digestion is the stage of going on. To borrow Xiong Mengfei's point of view, for the late-developing countries in the modern process, they all begin with imitation and finally create, while imitating catch-up and creating at the same time. Under the cultural view of harmony between China and the West, different modern roads can move towards a house form suitable for the mixed structure of steel-reinforced concrete masonry (wood), with a proportion suitable for this kind of structure and a weakened local decoration. It is a suitable form of modern Chinese architecture. The last part of the paper analyzes the continuation of the modern architectural form formed in the Republic of China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, a fundamental change took place in the context of explaining architecture, and the views and discourses of class and mass line were used to explain architecture. After 1955, under the common request of saving and reflecting the national form, it went towards a kind of modern architectural design principle. That is, not paying attention to the surface form elements, but paying attention to the integral form elements reflecting the national tradition, emphasizing the authenticity of the new technology in the form expression, and considering the relationship between the architectural form and the urban environment. By comparing the architectural forms between the Republic of China period and the initial period of New China, the author holds that despite the fundamental changes of the explanatory context, the architectural forms of New China continue the architectural forms of the Republic of China. It shows that the development of architectural form has an inherent law that does not change with the change of explanatory context. Finally, the paper points out the characteristics of the modernity of Chinese architecture. In imitating and catching up with the West, China's modern architecture adjusts its relationship with modern life and national tradition, resulting in innovation. The modernity of Chinese architecture is the modernity of imitating catch-up with national characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中央美术学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU-092.6;TU201
，
本文编号：2463824
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