生物炭与非常规碳质改良剂对土壤-植物系统中有毒金属（胶体）的作用机理研究
发布时间：2021-06-10 19:31
近几十年来,随着采矿业和工业的不断发展,各种人类活动引起的土壤中重金属含量的日益增加,严重危害了土壤环境。这些被污染的土壤具有糟糕的物理和化学性质,一些重金属在土壤中长期存在,而这些重金属很难被化学和生物降解,从而阻碍了植物的生长。目前已经研发了多种物理、化学和生物修复技术,这些技术有助于降低农业土壤、工业复合污染土壤和铜尾矿中重金属的危害。其中有种修复技术是利用高表面区域的有机或无机吸附剂进行原位固化,根据土壤或铜尾矿的物理化学结构以及释放到环境中重金属的量,降低金属阳离子的生物利用度和迁移率。使用不同有机和无机改良剂进行的金属固定化被认为是一种低成本的管理实践,是一种环境友好型的方法。它主要通过沉淀、吸附和复杂的形成处理,利用各种化学和生物反应成功地固定金属离子。本研究中以竹炭为原料,加入非传统的含碳改良剂,如粉煤灰、煤矸石、烟煤和褐煤,作为矿山污染土壤和铜尾矿重金属的固定化剂,对铬、钴、镍、铜、锌、镉、铅等重金属进行了原位分析。此外,在使用生物炭之前,对煤矸石和烟煤进行水热处理,对粉煤灰进行酸洗和水热处理。根据实验设计,这些改良剂将被单独使用,或者按照1%-2%的比例与生物炭结合...
【文章来源】：中国科学技术大学安徽省 211工程院校 985工程院校
【文章页数】：216 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
Chapter 1- Introduction
1.1. General introduction
1.2. Anthropogenic Sources
1.2.1. Coal resources
1.2.2. Raw fly ash
1.2.3. Raw coal gangue
1.3. Characteristic of amendments used along with biochar
1.3.1. Physical and chemical properties of low rank coals
1.3.2. Physical and chemical properties of raw fly ash
1.3.3. Physical and chemical properties of coal gangue
1.3.4. Physical and chemical properties of biochar
1.4. Soil remediation
1.5. Mechanisms of metal-amendments interactions in soils
1.5.1. Mechanisms of metal-biochar interactions in soils
1.5.2. Mechanisms of metal-fly ash interactions in soils
1.5.3. Mechanisms of combined interactions of amendments in soils
1.6. Scope and overall objects of the present study
1.6.1. Production and characteristics of amendments for process optimization
1.6.2. Environmental application of biochar and carbonaceous amendments for HMsremediation
Chapter 2-Materials and methods
2.1. Profile of study area
2.1.1. Huainan coalfield area
2.1.2. Tongling area
2.2. Amendments collection and pretreatment
2.2.1. Soil collection
2.2.2. Copper mine tailing collection
2.2.3. Raw coal collection
2.2.4. Raw fly ash collection
2.2.5. Raw coal gangue collection
2.2.6. Lignite collection
2.2.7. Bamboo biochar preparation
2.3. Experimental section
2.3.1. H_2SO_4 washing
2.3.2. HCl washing
2.3.3. Hydrothermal treatment
2.3.4. EDTA-Extraction
2.3.5. DTPA-Extraction
2.3.6. Sequential extraction analysis
2.3.7. Sample preparation for total digestion
2.3.8. ICP-MS and ICP-AES analysis
2.3.9. SEM/EDS
2.3.10. XPS analysis
2.3.11. XRD analysis
2.3.12. FTIR analysis
2.3.13. Surface area analysis
2.3.14. Ultimate analysis
2.4. Pot Experiments
2.4.1. Plant growth conditions
2.4.2. Plant harvest and measurement of growth related parameters
2.4.3. Plants elemental analysis
2.4.4. Pore-water analysis
2.5. Factors Analysis
2.5.1. Bioconcentration factor(BCF)
2.5.2. Translocation factor from soil to vegetables
2.5.3. Metals uptake
2.5.4. Transfer rate
2.6. Data analysis
Chapter 3-Synergistic effects of biochar and processed fly ash onbioavailability, transformation and accumulation of heavy metals bymaize (Zea mays L.) in coal-mining contaminated soil
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Characteristic of studied soil and amendments
3.2.1. Physicochemical properties of soil and amendments
3.2.2. Morphological characterization and mineral compositions of bamboo biochar
3.2.3. Morphological characterization and mineral compositions of raw fly ash
3.2.4. Morphological characterization and mineral compositions of processed fly ash
3.2.5. Elemental composition of soil after applied amendments
3.2.6. Effects of different amendments on plant physiological development
3.2.7. Characteristic of post-experimental soil
3.2.8. Effects of amendments on the EDTA- and/or DTPA-extractable metals in soil
3.2.9. Effects of amendments on the metals speciations in the soil
3.2.10. Metals concentration in maize plants
3.2.11. Effects of treatments on the transfer rate and translocation of heavy metalsto maize plants
3.3. Summary
Chapter 4-Contrasting effects of biochar and hydrothermally treatedcoal gangue on leachability, bioavailability, speciation and accumulationof heavy metals by rapeseed in copper mine tailings
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Characteristics of Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.1. Physical and chemical properties of the Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.2. Major elemental chemical compositions of Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.3. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis
4.2.4. Mineralogical characteristics of Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.5. XPS characteristics of Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.6. Speciation distribution of HMs in coal gangue
4.3. Post-harvest effect of amendments on Cu-MT characteristics
4.3.1. Effect of amendments on pH, EC, SOC, and WHC in Cu-MT
4.3.2. Leachability of heavy metals in pore water (PW)
4.3.3. EDTA-extractable metals in soil
4.3.4. Sequential extraction of heavy metals
4.4. Growth and yield parameters
4.4.1. Changes in fresh and dry biomass and heavy metal content of maize shoots
4.4.2. Heavy metals uptake and transfer rate (TR)
4.4.3. Bioconcentration and translocation factors
4.5. Discussion
4.5.1. Effects of amendments on Cu-MT chemical characteristics
4.5.2. Leaching behavior of heavy metals in Cu-MT
4.5.3. Effect of applied amendments on heavy metal mobility
4.5.4. Effects of applied amendments on HMs speciation
4.5.5. Uptake, transfer rate, bio-concentration and translocation factors of HMs
4.6. Summary
Chapter 5-Bamboo-biochar and hydrothermally treated-coal mediatedgeochemical speciation, transformation and uptake of Cd, Cr, and Pb in apolymetal(iod)s-contaminated mine soil
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Basic analysis of soil and amendments
5.2.1. Sequential extraction analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.2.2. SEM analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.2.3. FTIR analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.2.4. XRD analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.2.5. XPS analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.3. Physicochemical properties of soil in response to amendments
5.3.1. Influence of amendments on soil pH, EC and SOC
5.3.2. Metal(loid) concentrations in soil pore water and immobilization in soil
5.3.3. Effect of applied amendments on Cd, Cr, and Pb fractionation in soil
5.3.4. FTIR and XRD analysis of amended soil
5.3.5. XPS analysis of amended soil
5.4. Influence of amendments on biomass
5.4.1. Plant response on HMs uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation
5.4.2. FTIR spectral studies of root samples
5.5. Summaiy
Chapter 6-Interactive assessment of lignite and bamboo-biochar forgeochemical speciation, modulation and uptake of Cu and other heavymetals in the copper mine tailing
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Characterization of mine tailing and applied amendments
6.3. Impacts of applied amendments on copper mine tailing
6.3.1. Characteristics of amended copper mine tailing
6.3.2. Interaction of plant metal contents in both cropping seasons
6.3.3. Plant growth response
6.3.4. Influence on the uptake and transfer factor of metals
6.3.5. Effect of applied amendments on Cu and other HMs in pore water
6.3.6. Metals immobilization in copper mine tailing
6.3.7. Geochemical speciation of metals in copper mine tailing
6.3.8. The amendments effect on adsorption mechanisms
6.3.9. FTIR spectroscopic analysis after applied amendments
6.3.10. Change in XRD spectrum of Cu-MT after applied amendments
6.4. Summaiy
Chapter 7-Major Conclusions and Innovations
7.1. Major Conclusions
7.1.1. Synergistic effects of biochar and processed fly ash on bioavailability, transformationand accumulation of heavy metals by maize in coal-mining contaminated soil
7.1.2. Contrasting effects of biochar and hydrothermally treated coal gangue on leachability,bioavailability, speciation and accumulation of heavy metals by rapeseed in copper minetailings
7.1.3. Bamboo-biochar and hydrothermally treated-coal mediated geochemical speciation,transformation and uptake of Cd, Cr, and Pb in a polymetal(iod)s-contaminated mine soil
7.1.4. Interactive assessment of lignite and bamboo-biochar for geochemical speciation,modulation and uptake of Cu and other heavy metals in the copper mine tailing
7.2. Innovations
References
Appendix
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgements
The applicant profile
1. The main research project during the Ph.D. degree
2. Conference attended during the Ph.D. degree
3. Research publications
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Residual effects of tobacco biochar along with different fixing agents on stabilization of trace elements in multi-metal contaminated soils[J]. Altaf Hussain Lahori,Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek,Muhammad Rashid,Shahmir Ali Kalhoro,Mehrunisa Memon,Zobia Naheed,Muneer Ahmed,Zengqiang Zhang. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2020(01)
[2]Assessing the capacity of biochar to stabilize copper and lead in contaminated sediments using chemical and extraction methods[J]. Mingming Wang,Liangsuo Ren,Dayang Wang,Zuansi Cai,Xuefeng Xia,Aizhong Ding. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2019(05)
[3]Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation[J]. Mingming Wang,Yi Zhu,Lirong Cheng,Bruce Andserson,Xiaohui Zhao,Dayang Wang,Aizhong Ding. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2018(01)
[4]Development and validation of abiotic ligand model for nickel toxicity to wheat（Triticum aestivum）[J]. Yang Jiang,Xueyuan Gu,Bojing Zhu,Cheng Gu. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2017(12)
[5]Assessment of Methods for Determining Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Soils: A Review[J]. Jurate KUMPIENE,Laura GIAGNONI,Bernd MARSCHNER,Sébastien DENYS,Michel MENCH,Kristin ADRIAENSEN,Jaco VANGRONSVELD,Markus PUSCHENREITER,Giancarlo RENELLA. Pedosphere. 2017(03)
[6]NaOH水热转化-H2SO4浸出法从硫酸法钛白酸解残渣（黑泥）中回收利用钛（英文）[J]. 孟凡成,薛天艳,刘亚辉,张国之,齐涛. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2016(06)
[7]Growth, Metabolism and Yield of Rice Cultivated in Soils Amended with Fly Ash and Cyanobacteria and Metal Loads in Plant Parts[J]. Rabindra N.PADHY,Nabakishore NAYAK,Rajesh R.DASH-MOHINI,Shakti RATH,Rajani K.SAHU. Rice Science. 2016(01)
[8]Metal concentrations and mycorrhizal status of plants colonizing copper mine tailings: potential for revegetation[J]. CHRISTIE Peter. Science in China（Series C:Life Sciences）. 2005(S1)
本文编号：3222988
【文章来源】：中国科学技术大学安徽省 211工程院校 985工程院校
【文章页数】：216 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
Chapter 1- Introduction
1.1. General introduction
1.2. Anthropogenic Sources
1.2.1. Coal resources
1.2.2. Raw fly ash
1.2.3. Raw coal gangue
1.3. Characteristic of amendments used along with biochar
1.3.1. Physical and chemical properties of low rank coals
1.3.2. Physical and chemical properties of raw fly ash
1.3.3. Physical and chemical properties of coal gangue
1.3.4. Physical and chemical properties of biochar
1.4. Soil remediation
1.5. Mechanisms of metal-amendments interactions in soils
1.5.1. Mechanisms of metal-biochar interactions in soils
1.5.2. Mechanisms of metal-fly ash interactions in soils
1.5.3. Mechanisms of combined interactions of amendments in soils
1.6. Scope and overall objects of the present study
1.6.1. Production and characteristics of amendments for process optimization
1.6.2. Environmental application of biochar and carbonaceous amendments for HMsremediation
Chapter 2-Materials and methods
2.1. Profile of study area
2.1.1. Huainan coalfield area
2.1.2. Tongling area
2.2. Amendments collection and pretreatment
2.2.1. Soil collection
2.2.2. Copper mine tailing collection
2.2.3. Raw coal collection
2.2.4. Raw fly ash collection
2.2.5. Raw coal gangue collection
2.2.6. Lignite collection
2.2.7. Bamboo biochar preparation
2.3. Experimental section
2.3.1. H_2SO_4 washing
2.3.2. HCl washing
2.3.3. Hydrothermal treatment
2.3.4. EDTA-Extraction
2.3.5. DTPA-Extraction
2.3.6. Sequential extraction analysis
2.3.7. Sample preparation for total digestion
2.3.8. ICP-MS and ICP-AES analysis
2.3.9. SEM/EDS
2.3.10. XPS analysis
2.3.11. XRD analysis
2.3.12. FTIR analysis
2.3.13. Surface area analysis
2.3.14. Ultimate analysis
2.4. Pot Experiments
2.4.1. Plant growth conditions
2.4.2. Plant harvest and measurement of growth related parameters
2.4.3. Plants elemental analysis
2.4.4. Pore-water analysis
2.5. Factors Analysis
2.5.1. Bioconcentration factor(BCF)
2.5.2. Translocation factor from soil to vegetables
2.5.3. Metals uptake
2.5.4. Transfer rate
2.6. Data analysis
Chapter 3-Synergistic effects of biochar and processed fly ash onbioavailability, transformation and accumulation of heavy metals bymaize (Zea mays L.) in coal-mining contaminated soil
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Characteristic of studied soil and amendments
3.2.1. Physicochemical properties of soil and amendments
3.2.2. Morphological characterization and mineral compositions of bamboo biochar
3.2.3. Morphological characterization and mineral compositions of raw fly ash
3.2.4. Morphological characterization and mineral compositions of processed fly ash
3.2.5. Elemental composition of soil after applied amendments
3.2.6. Effects of different amendments on plant physiological development
3.2.7. Characteristic of post-experimental soil
3.2.8. Effects of amendments on the EDTA- and/or DTPA-extractable metals in soil
3.2.9. Effects of amendments on the metals speciations in the soil
3.2.10. Metals concentration in maize plants
3.2.11. Effects of treatments on the transfer rate and translocation of heavy metalsto maize plants
3.3. Summary
Chapter 4-Contrasting effects of biochar and hydrothermally treatedcoal gangue on leachability, bioavailability, speciation and accumulationof heavy metals by rapeseed in copper mine tailings
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Characteristics of Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.1. Physical and chemical properties of the Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.2. Major elemental chemical compositions of Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.3. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis
4.2.4. Mineralogical characteristics of Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.5. XPS characteristics of Cu-MT and amendments
4.2.6. Speciation distribution of HMs in coal gangue
4.3. Post-harvest effect of amendments on Cu-MT characteristics
4.3.1. Effect of amendments on pH, EC, SOC, and WHC in Cu-MT
4.3.2. Leachability of heavy metals in pore water (PW)
4.3.3. EDTA-extractable metals in soil
4.3.4. Sequential extraction of heavy metals
4.4. Growth and yield parameters
4.4.1. Changes in fresh and dry biomass and heavy metal content of maize shoots
4.4.2. Heavy metals uptake and transfer rate (TR)
4.4.3. Bioconcentration and translocation factors
4.5. Discussion
4.5.1. Effects of amendments on Cu-MT chemical characteristics
4.5.2. Leaching behavior of heavy metals in Cu-MT
4.5.3. Effect of applied amendments on heavy metal mobility
4.5.4. Effects of applied amendments on HMs speciation
4.5.5. Uptake, transfer rate, bio-concentration and translocation factors of HMs
4.6. Summary
Chapter 5-Bamboo-biochar and hydrothermally treated-coal mediatedgeochemical speciation, transformation and uptake of Cd, Cr, and Pb in apolymetal(iod)s-contaminated mine soil
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Basic analysis of soil and amendments
5.2.1. Sequential extraction analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.2.2. SEM analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.2.3. FTIR analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.2.4. XRD analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.2.5. XPS analysis of raw and hydrothermally treated coal
5.3. Physicochemical properties of soil in response to amendments
5.3.1. Influence of amendments on soil pH, EC and SOC
5.3.2. Metal(loid) concentrations in soil pore water and immobilization in soil
5.3.3. Effect of applied amendments on Cd, Cr, and Pb fractionation in soil
5.3.4. FTIR and XRD analysis of amended soil
5.3.5. XPS analysis of amended soil
5.4. Influence of amendments on biomass
5.4.1. Plant response on HMs uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation
5.4.2. FTIR spectral studies of root samples
5.5. Summaiy
Chapter 6-Interactive assessment of lignite and bamboo-biochar forgeochemical speciation, modulation and uptake of Cu and other heavymetals in the copper mine tailing
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Characterization of mine tailing and applied amendments
6.3. Impacts of applied amendments on copper mine tailing
6.3.1. Characteristics of amended copper mine tailing
6.3.2. Interaction of plant metal contents in both cropping seasons
6.3.3. Plant growth response
6.3.4. Influence on the uptake and transfer factor of metals
6.3.5. Effect of applied amendments on Cu and other HMs in pore water
6.3.6. Metals immobilization in copper mine tailing
6.3.7. Geochemical speciation of metals in copper mine tailing
6.3.8. The amendments effect on adsorption mechanisms
6.3.9. FTIR spectroscopic analysis after applied amendments
6.3.10. Change in XRD spectrum of Cu-MT after applied amendments
6.4. Summaiy
Chapter 7-Major Conclusions and Innovations
7.1. Major Conclusions
7.1.1. Synergistic effects of biochar and processed fly ash on bioavailability, transformationand accumulation of heavy metals by maize in coal-mining contaminated soil
7.1.2. Contrasting effects of biochar and hydrothermally treated coal gangue on leachability,bioavailability, speciation and accumulation of heavy metals by rapeseed in copper minetailings
7.1.3. Bamboo-biochar and hydrothermally treated-coal mediated geochemical speciation,transformation and uptake of Cd, Cr, and Pb in a polymetal(iod)s-contaminated mine soil
7.1.4. Interactive assessment of lignite and bamboo-biochar for geochemical speciation,modulation and uptake of Cu and other heavy metals in the copper mine tailing
7.2. Innovations
References
Appendix
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgements
The applicant profile
1. The main research project during the Ph.D. degree
2. Conference attended during the Ph.D. degree
3. Research publications
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Residual effects of tobacco biochar along with different fixing agents on stabilization of trace elements in multi-metal contaminated soils[J]. Altaf Hussain Lahori,Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek,Muhammad Rashid,Shahmir Ali Kalhoro,Mehrunisa Memon,Zobia Naheed,Muneer Ahmed,Zengqiang Zhang. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2020(01)
[2]Assessing the capacity of biochar to stabilize copper and lead in contaminated sediments using chemical and extraction methods[J]. Mingming Wang,Liangsuo Ren,Dayang Wang,Zuansi Cai,Xuefeng Xia,Aizhong Ding. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2019(05)
[3]Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation[J]. Mingming Wang,Yi Zhu,Lirong Cheng,Bruce Andserson,Xiaohui Zhao,Dayang Wang,Aizhong Ding. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2018(01)
[4]Development and validation of abiotic ligand model for nickel toxicity to wheat（Triticum aestivum）[J]. Yang Jiang,Xueyuan Gu,Bojing Zhu,Cheng Gu. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2017(12)
[5]Assessment of Methods for Determining Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Soils: A Review[J]. Jurate KUMPIENE,Laura GIAGNONI,Bernd MARSCHNER,Sébastien DENYS,Michel MENCH,Kristin ADRIAENSEN,Jaco VANGRONSVELD,Markus PUSCHENREITER,Giancarlo RENELLA. Pedosphere. 2017(03)
[6]NaOH水热转化-H2SO4浸出法从硫酸法钛白酸解残渣（黑泥）中回收利用钛（英文）[J]. 孟凡成,薛天艳,刘亚辉,张国之,齐涛. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2016(06)
[7]Growth, Metabolism and Yield of Rice Cultivated in Soils Amended with Fly Ash and Cyanobacteria and Metal Loads in Plant Parts[J]. Rabindra N.PADHY,Nabakishore NAYAK,Rajesh R.DASH-MOHINI,Shakti RATH,Rajani K.SAHU. Rice Science. 2016(01)
[8]Metal concentrations and mycorrhizal status of plants colonizing copper mine tailings: potential for revegetation[J]. CHRISTIE Peter. Science in China（Series C:Life Sciences）. 2005(S1)
本文编号：3222988
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