热带上对流层下平流层区域痕量成分的传输和时空变化特征研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 14:01

本文关键词：热带上对流层下平流层区域痕量成分的传输和时空变化特征研究　出处：《兰州大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：利用卫星观测资料、再分析资料,结合大气化学气候模式(WACCM),研究了热带上对流层下平流层(UTLS)区域一氧化碳(CO)时空变化和热带平流层CO准两年振荡(QBO)位相变化特征的形成机理,分析了亚洲夏季风反气旋环流造成的副热带地区向热带地区的CO水平输送对热带UTLS区域CO时空变化的影响,最后还分析了不同区域排放的大气示踪物向UTLS区域动力传输的特征。所得主要结论如下:(1)利用全球化学气候模式WACCM模拟研究了CO地表排放、动力过程及与CO有关的化学过程对热带UTLS区域CO时空变化的影响。模拟结果表明,热带上对流层CO的半年周期变化主要是CO地表排放源的半年周期变化导致的,化学和动力过程的共同作用对CO半年周期变化的影响相对较小。下平流层CO的年周期变化主要是化学和动力过程共同作用的结果,且动力过程造成的CO年周期变化与化学过程造成的年周期变化呈反位相。模拟结果进一步表明,CO地面源排放可减弱下平流层CO年周期变化的振幅,Brewer-Dobson环流经向分量的年变化可增强30 hPa高度以上CO年周期变化的振幅。模拟结果也表明,50-70 hPa高度范围内的CO年周期变化主要与热带上涌的年周期变化信号有关,50 hPa高度以上的CO年周期变化则表现为标准的磁带记录现象,且在没有与CO有关的化学过程的影响时,CO的年周期变化信号可被上传至10 hPa高度。此外,热带深对流活动和亚洲夏季风反气旋环流导致的热带外地区向热带地区的CO水平传输的共同作用导致了热带上对流层和对流层顶附近的CO浓度极大值出现在晚春初夏(5月)。(2)利用2005-2014年10年的卫星微波临边探测仪(MLS)资料分析了热带平流层CO的年际变率,发现热带平流层CO准两年振荡在30 hPa高度附近存在明显的位相变化特征。WACCM模式模拟结果表明,热带平流层CO的QBO信号是化学和动力过程共同作用的结果,而动力作用主要是QBO引起的次级经向环流造成的物质传输。化学和动力过程共同作用导致热带平流层CO浓度的垂直梯度在30 hPa高度处发生反转,进而产生CO QBO信号的位相变化。此外,模拟结果还表明,与CO有关的化学过程不但可以减弱CO QBO信号的振幅,还可以在热带10 hPa-30 hPa高度范围内造成CO QBO和纬向风QBO信号之间约3个月的时间差。(3)利用WACCM模式模拟分析了青藏高原、中国东部、印度和东南亚大陆地区的CO地表排放对UTLS区域CO时空分布的影响。模拟结果表明,源于青藏高原和印度地区的CO可在亚洲夏季风反气旋环流内部形成CO浓度高值中心,且高值中心分别在7月和5月最明显;源于中国东部和东南亚大陆地区的CO则沿着亚洲夏季风反气旋环流形成CO浓度的环状高值带,且浓度高值分别在8月和5月最明显。分析还发现,亚洲夏季风反气旋环流可将亚洲地区排放的CO从副热带地区向热带地区输送,最终导致热带UTLS区域5-9月的CO浓度较其他月份偏高。青藏高原、中国东部、印度和东南亚大陆地区排放的CO导致的热带UTLS区域CO浓度增加最为显著的月份分别出现在7月、8月、6月和6月。此外,模拟结果还表明,在青藏高原、中国东部、印度和东南亚大陆地区排放等量的CO时,东南亚大陆地区的CO地表排放对热带UTLS区域CO时空变化的影响最大。(4)利用WACCM模式模拟分析了不同区域排放的大气示踪物在动力作用下向UTLS区域的传输特征。结果表明,在东南亚和亚洲西南部地区排放的示踪物可被更多的上传至平流层;在欧洲地区排放的示踪物可被上传至平流层的量最少。结果还表明,不同区域排放的示踪物主要分布在印度尼西亚、赤道中西太平洋、印度和东南亚大陆以及阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾(60°W-120°E,10°S-30°N)、非洲地区、南美洲中部地区、北半球赤道东太平洋(120°W-80°W,0°-30°N)、以及赤道大西洋西部(80°W-20°W,10°N-10°S)等深对流活动活跃的区域及其附近。在100 hPa高度,非洲和南美洲地区排放的物质在冬季分别在非洲和南美洲中部地区形成浓度高值,这可能与两区域在冬季旺盛的深对流活动有关;受赤道东风带和冬季北半球赤道西太平洋区域反气旋环流对物质水平输送的影响,在非洲和南美洲以外的地区排放的物质在冬季主要分布在印度尼西亚和赤道中西太平洋区域;受深对流活动和亚洲夏季风反气旋环流共同作用的影响,在夏季,欧洲地区、中国东部、东南亚地区和亚洲西南部地区排放的物质主要分布在60°W-120°E,10°S-30°N区域。北美洲南部区域存在的弱的反气旋环流,可能是北美洲和南美洲地区排放的物质在6月分布在赤道东太平洋区域的原因。南美洲和北美洲地区排放的物质在5月在赤道大西洋西部区域形成的浓度高值可能与赤道东风带对物质的水平传输有关。
[Abstract]:The use of satellite observation data, reanalysis data, combined with the atmospheric chemistry climate model (WACCM), on the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region of carbon monoxide (CO) and the temporal and spatial variation of the tropical stratosphere CO quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) formation mechanism of phase change characteristics, analysis of the Asian summer monsoon caused by subtropical anticyclonic circulation area transfer effects on UTLS regional variation of CO tropical to tropical regions, the level of CO, and finally analyzes the characteristics of Atmospheric Tracer emissions in different regions to UTLS regional power transmission. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) simulation of CO surface emission using WACCM global chemistry climate model, dynamic effect and chemical process the process associated with the CO UTLS CO on temporal and spatial variation of tropical region. The simulation results show that the first half cycle of tropical tropospheric CO is mainly caused the first half cycle of CO surface emission sources The effects of chemical and dynamic processes of CO of semiannual variations are relatively small. Annual variation in lower stratosphere CO is mainly the interaction of chemical and dynamical process results, annual changes caused by the dynamic process of CO and the annual change and chemical processes in opposite phase. Simulation results show that CO ground source emissions can be reduced the amplitude of annual variation in lower stratosphere CO, the amplitude of Brewer-Dobson circulation can enhance the height of 30 hPa above CO years cycle changes to change components. The simulation results also show that the CO cycle changes of 50-70 in the range of hPa height is mainly related with the annual change signal of tropical upwelling, tape record the phenomenon of CO year period more than 50 hPa high performance standards, and has no effect on chemical processes associated with CO when the annual variation of CO signal can be uploaded to the 10 hPa . in addition, resulting in tropical deep convection and the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone in the extratropical interaction to the level of CO transmission in tropical regions in the tropical upper troposphere tropopause and CO concentration near the maximum value appeared in the late spring and early summer (May). (2) edge detector using satellite microwave 2005-2014 10 the (MLS) data analysis of the interannual variability of the tropical stratosphere CO, found in the tropical stratosphere CO quasi biennial oscillation in 30 near the altitude of hPa has obvious phase change characteristic of.WACCM model simulation results show that the QBO signal of CO is the common tropical stratospheric chemistry and dynamic process results, while the dynamic effect is mainly secondary material transfer the QBO due to the circulation caused by the interaction of chemical and dynamical processes lead to the vertical gradient of CO concentration in the tropical stratosphere at the height of 30 hPa is reversed, and produce CO QBO signal The change of phase. In addition, the simulation results also show that the amplitude of chemical processes associated with CO can not only weaken the CO QBO signal, it can cause about 3 months of the time difference between CO QBO and QBO in the tropical zonal wind signal of 10 hPa-30 hPa height range. (3) using the WACCM model analysis of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau China, Eastern mainland, India and Southeast Asia CO surface emissions impact on UTLS regional CO distribution. The simulation results show that the source in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the India area CO formed CO concentration center in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone, and the high value center respectively in July and May with the most obvious; the high value in the East and Southeast the ring-shaped source China mainland CO along the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone formation of CO concentration, and high concentration values respectively in August and May is the most obvious. The analysis also found that the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone can The emission of CO from Asia subtropical to tropical area transportation, eventually led to the concentration of CO UTLS 5-9 months of tropical regions is higher than other months. The eastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau, China, emissions in mainland India and Southeast Asia CO in tropical UTLS regional CO concentrations increased most significantly respectively in July, August June, and June. In addition, the simulation results also show that in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, China East, India and Southeast Asia area, the same amount of CO emissions, CO emissions in mainland southeast surface effects on the UTLS region of CO. The temporal and spatial variation of tropical (4) using the WACCM model analysis of the Atmospheric Tracer emissions in different regions under dynamic force to the transmission characteristics of the UTLS regions. The results show that in the tracer of Southeast Asia and southwest Asia emissions can be more uploaded to Europe in the stratosphere; tracer emissions can Uploaded to the stratosphere is the least. The results also show that the tracer emissions in different regions are mainly distributed in Indonesia, Equatorial Western Pacific and Southeast Asia, India, and the Arabia sea and the bay of Bengal (60 degrees W-120 degrees E, 10 degrees S-30 degrees N), the central region of Africa, South America and the northern hemisphere (the eastern equatorial Pacific 120 degrees W-80 degrees W, 0 degrees -30 degrees N), and the the Atlantic West (80 degrees W-20 degrees W, 10 degrees N-10 degrees S) and deep convection active region and its vicinity. At the height of 100 hPa, from Africa and South America material in winter respectively in the central region of Africa and South America formed the concentration of high value, which may be relevant in two areas of deep convection in winter exuberant; influenced by equatorial easterlies and winter Northern Hemisphere tropical western Pacific anticyclone on the transport of material level, in addition to Africa and South America area emissions in winter The season is mainly distributed in Indonesia and the equatorial western Pacific region; affected by deep convection and the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone interaction in the summer, the European region, Eastern China, emissions in Southeast Asia and southwest Asia material are mainly distributed in 60 ~ W-120 ~ E, 10 ~ S-30 ~ N presence in north area. South America region of the weak anticyclonic circulation, may be discharged North America and South America material distribution in June in the eastern equatorial Pacific region. The high concentration of emissions of North and South America area in the equatorial western the Atlantic region formed in May and equatorial easterlies horizontal transmission of material relevant.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P421

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