黄土高原陕甘宁地区地质灾害数据库建设与危险性评价

发布时间：2018-03-26 21:01

本文选题：黄土高原陕甘宁地区　切入点：地质灾害　出处：《长安大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：选取陕西省、甘肃省及宁夏回族自治区(简称陕甘宁地区)的黄土高原为研究区,以滑坡、滑坡隐患、崩塌、崩塌隐患、泥石流为研究对象,应用GIS技术对黄土高原地质灾害进行危险性评价,为政府部门构建大区域地质灾害管理体系提供科学依据及决策系统支持,为黄土高原地区的工程建设区划和防灾减灾工作的开展提供依据。基于黄土地质灾害研究的相关理论,借鉴国内外研究的最新成果,在现有地质灾害分类的基础上,进一步分析各种类型地质灾害与其发育的降水、地形地貌、植被、地层、构造、地震、人类活动等因素之间的关系,揭示各类地质灾害发育的条件和空间分布规律;进一步阐明黄土高原陕甘宁地区地质灾害发育的主要控制因素及诱发因素;结合目前黄土高原地质灾害研究的相关理论和国内外研究的最新成果,利用近年来陕甘宁地区地质灾害详细调查资料,收集、整理相关的地质灾害数据,构建黄土高原陕甘宁地区地质灾害元数据和数据库,通过编制黄土高原陕甘宁地区地质灾害分布图、黄土高原陕甘宁地区地质灾害危险性分区图,开展黄土高原陕甘宁地区地质灾害研究。根据《地质信息元数据标准》进行数据集分类、数据检索与分析、数据发布与共享等研究,构建黄土高原灾害元数据作为黄土高原陕甘宁地区数据库的基础。建立了较为完善的黄土高原陕甘宁地区地质灾害元数据和数据库,根据地质灾害类型的不同,给出不同的数据库数据结构,并将数据入库;分析了各种类型地质灾害与主要控制因素及诱发因素之间的关系,揭示各类地质灾害发育的条件和空间分布规律;进而初步完善了黄土高原陕甘宁地区危险性评价方法与指标体系,用层次分析法与信息量法相结合的方法,阐明了黄土高原陕甘宁地区地质灾害危险性评价的基本内容和实施步骤。现有的危险性评价数据库基本都为县域数据库,少数为市域、省域,然而地质灾害的变化与大区域、同一地貌条件有关,结合诸多外部条件,如降水、地形地貌、构造、地震、植被、人类活动等的影响,建立了大区域—黄土高原地质灾害连续变化过程的空间数据库进行危险性评价,解决了当前地质灾害科学研究中需迫切解决的一个重要问题。黄土高原陕甘宁地区地质灾害危险性评价结果表明:地质灾害极高危险区面积约74787.0km2,占总面积的20.4%,发育灾点6967处,平均灾害点密度0.093个/km2;地质灾害高危险区面积约103122.9km2,占总面积的28.1%,发育灾点4454处,平均灾害点密度0.043个/km2;地质灾害中等危险区面积约65217.7km2,占总面积的17.8%,发育灾点552处,平均灾害点密度0.008个/km2;地质灾害低危险区面积约59663.3km2,占总面积的16.3%,发育灾点69处,平均灾害点密度0.001个/km2;地质灾害低危险区面积约63893.8km2,占总面积的17.4%,发育灾点80处,平均灾害点密度0.001个/km~2。
[Abstract]:The Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous region (referred to as Shaanxi-Ganning region) is selected as the research area. The landslide, landslide hidden danger, collapse hidden danger, collapse hidden danger and debris flow are taken as the research objects. The application of GIS technology to the risk assessment of geological hazards on the Loess Plateau provides scientific basis and decision system support for government departments to build a large regional geological hazard management system. Based on the theory of loess geological hazard research and the latest research results at home and abroad, on the basis of the existing classification of geological hazards, the paper provides the basis for engineering construction regionalization and disaster prevention and mitigation work in the Loess Plateau, based on the relevant theory of loess geological hazard research and the latest research results at home and abroad. The relationship between various types of geological hazards and precipitation, landform, vegetation, stratigraphy, structure, earthquake, human activities and other factors are further analyzed, and the conditions and spatial distribution of various geological disasters are revealed. The main controlling factors and inducing factors of geological hazard development in the Shaanxi-Ganning region of the Loess Plateau are further expounded, combined with the relevant theories of the present geological hazard research on the Loess Plateau and the latest research results at home and abroad. Using the detailed investigation data of geological hazards in recent years, collecting and collating the relevant geological hazard data, constructing the geological hazard metadata and database in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region of the Loess Plateau, By compiling the distribution map of geological hazards in the Shaanxi-Ganning region of the Loess Plateau and the hazard zoning map of the geological hazards in the Shaanxi-Ganning region of the Loess Plateau, Research on geological hazards in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region of the Loess Plateau. According to the metadata Standard of Geological Information, the research on data set classification, data retrieval and analysis, data release and sharing, etc. Constructing the disaster metadata of the Loess Plateau as the base of the database of the Shaanxi-Ganning region of the Loess Plateau, establishing a more perfect geological hazard metadata and database in the Loess Plateau, according to the different types of geological hazards. The data structure of different database is given, and the data is put into database, the relationship between various types of geological hazards and main controlling factors and inducing factors is analyzed, and the development conditions and spatial distribution of various geological disasters are revealed. Furthermore, the risk assessment method and index system in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningsia region of the Loess Plateau are preliminarily improved, and the method of combining AHP with information quantity method is used. This paper expounds the basic contents and implementation steps of geological hazard risk assessment in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region of the Loess Plateau. The existing risk assessment databases are basically county databases, a few are municipal and provincial areas, however, the changes of geological hazards and large regions are also discussed. Related to the same geomorphological conditions, combined with the effects of many external conditions, such as precipitation, topography, structure, earthquakes, vegetation, human activities, etc. The spatial database of the continuous variation process of geological hazards in the large area and the Loess Plateau is established to evaluate the risk. It has solved an important problem that needs to be solved urgently in the present scientific research of geological hazards. The result of geological hazard risk assessment in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region of the Loess Plateau shows that the area of extremely high risk area of geological hazards is about 74787.0 km ~ 2, accounting for 20.4% of the total area, with 6967 development disaster points. The average disaster point density is 0.093 / km ~ (2); the area of geological hazard high risk area is about 103122.9 km ~ (2), accounting for 28.1km ~ (2) of the total area. The average disaster point density is 0.043 / km ~ (2) and the average disaster point density is 0.043 / km ~ (2). The area of geological hazard area is about 65217.7 km ~ (2), accounting for 17.8% of the total area and 552 development disaster points. The average disaster point density is 0.008 / km ~ (2); the area of geological hazard low risk area is about 59663.3 km ~ (2), accounting for 16.3% of the total area. There are 69 developing disaster points, and the average disaster point density is 0.001 / km ~ (2); the area of geological hazard low risk area is about 63893.8 km ~ (2), accounting for 17.4% of the total area, and the development disaster point is 80 places. The average disaster site density is 0.001 / km / m 2.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P694

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