MST雷达应用技术研究

发布时间:2018-04-19 09:43

  本文选题:MST雷达 + 大气参数反演 ; 参考:《武汉大学》2016年博士论文


【摘要】:MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere)雷达基于晴空湍流散射原理,用以观测中间层、平流层和对流层大气三维运动状态,主要获取相应高度区间的大气三维风廓线和湍流特性参数。武汉MST雷达作为中国大陆首批建设MST雷达,坐落于湖北省崇阳县(地理坐标:11408'8''E,29°31'58”N;地磁纬度约为:19.56°)。MST雷达的建成对于深入研究中高层大气风场的空间结构和时间变化、辩明中高层大气中关键的动力学过程、弄清中高层大气与电离层及低层大气的耦合机制、建立我国上空中高层大气的风场模式、提供空间环境监测和预报服务等具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。本文主要基于武汉MST雷达多年的观测数据,对其应用技术开展研究。本文的主要工作和研究特色、创新点如下:1、利用MST雷达垂直风速的变化计算B-V (Brunt-Vaisala)频率,再根据B-V频率和温度的关系,建立了离散的温度反演模型。然后结合地面大气温度和中性大气参考模型可以反演得到大气温度剖面,通过与探空仪实测温度剖面比较,二者的吻合度非常高,变化趋势也完全一致。同时计算表明在对流层和平流层B-V频率的平均值有很大的差异,而B-V频率的跳变值则是对流层顶高度的位置。2、为了更加方便地判断对流层顶高度,并且分析对流层顶结构形态的变化,根据对武汉MST雷达和北京MST雷达两个地区的对流层顶探测数据的统计分析,考虑到对流层顶可能会发生倾斜,本文建立了更加普适的雷达对流层顶模型。通过与实测温度剖面对比分析,发现气象对流层顶比雷达对流层顶约高2 km。利用本文模型计算的对流层顶相对回波的强弱,可以反映了对流层顶雷达回波的空间方向敏感性,对于理解对流层顶的形成和消亡,以及层结的疏密结构非常有帮助。利用武汉和北京两部MST雷达2012年的对流层顶观测数进行据统计分析,结果表明:1)崇阳地区对流层顶的平均高度比香河地区对流层顶平均高度高约1 km,这是因为香河的地理纬度比崇阳的高,体现了对流层顶高度随着纬度增加而降低的特性;2)崇阳地区对流层顶的相对回波强度比香河地区对流层顶相对回波强约4dB,说明在纬度较高的地区对流层顶的结构稀疏,对流层顶雷达回波的方向依赖性较弱;3)崇阳和北京地区对流层顶的高度和相对回波强度的标准差都非常接近,说明对流层顶高度变化及结构形态相对差异在各个地区是基本一致的。通过对模型计算的相对回波数据的周期谱分析,可以发现雷达对流层顶相对回波同时受潮汐波和行星波的调制,即潮汐波和行星波会影响对流层顶的形成和结构形态。3、通过折射率理论研究和模型仿真表明,对于波长为6m(武汉MST雷达波长为5.58 m)左右的电磁波而言,降雨粒子和大气湍流具有几乎等数量级的反射率,由此可以推断武汉MST雷达能够同时明显地观测到大气湍流回波和降雨粒子回波。基于降雨粒子回波和大气湍流回波的谱特征,本文建立了相应的频谱分离模型,分别了计算降雨环境中的雨滴运动参数和背景大气运动状态。利用武汉MST雷达分别对崇阳地区大气层状降雨和大气强对流降雨进行了观测,分别研究了不同降雨类型下大气降雨粒子回波的特性、雨滴的运动状态以及背景大气三维风场的变化。结果表明:1)降雨粒子回波谱比大气湍流谱的谱宽更宽,可以明显地区分大气融解层和雨滴下坠区域;2)层状降雨回波一般出现在零度等温线以下,而强对流降雨回波则会出现在零度等温线以上;3)强对流降雨的背景风场非常紊乱,降雨持续时间较短;4)利用层状降雨粒子回波可以分析亮带及融解层特性,可以反演不同高度的雨滴粒径分布。此外,局部强对流天气使得雷达不同方向波束观测到的大气运动状态完全不同,因此在强对流天气下很难得到雷达波束扫描空间内的大气平均运动状态,这对波束扫描合成大气三维风场带来了挑战。本文结合强对流天气武汉MST雷达波束扫描观测实例,详细地分析了强对流天气下雷达水平风的测量困境,并给出相关探测建议。4、基于准单色重力波模型,利用武汉MST雷达观测数据对低平流层和对流层大气惯性重力波进行了讨论分析,并对强对流和对流层顶急流激发的重力波传播特性进行了事例分析。利用武汉MST雷达两年多的观测数据分别对上行和下行重力波的特征频率,垂直波长、水平波长、谱斜率和峰值能量密度等大气惯性重力波参数进行了统计分析,可以为构建局部大气重力波参考模型提供技术参数。此外,利用Lomb-Scargle周期谱分析方法对2012年全年武汉MST雷达观测的对流层和低平流层的经向风和纬向风进行了季节潮汐波和行星波检测分析,结果表明:1)各个季节的周日潮分量都相对较强,小周期潮汐分量非常弱,潮汐波的振幅具有明显的周期性变化;2)潮汐波的振幅会受到比其时间尺度更长的潮汐波和行星际波的共同调制,但是比其时间尺度小的波基本不足以影响它;3)在下对流层高度区间主要是以相对较短的时间尺度行星波存在,而在上对流层和低平流层高度区间则是以相对较长的时间尺度的行星波存在。5、利用武汉MST雷达数字波束合成技术,分析了不同倾角下不同波束在不同高度范围内的回波特性,计算了不同高度雷达回波的方向敏感性,即大气角谱,研究不同高度雷达回波的物理机制,结果表明:1)在对流层小倾角空问内,雷达回波主要是部分反射和各向异性湍流散射为主,在相对高倾角则是各向异性和各向同性湍流共同散射作用;2)高度越高和倾角越大,雷达回波中各向同性湍流散射的贡献越大,在中间层和低热层雷达回波主要以各向同性散射为主;3)大气稳定层结的雷达回波方向敏感性参数相对较小,主要是因为这些稳定层结大气结构相对密实,对雷达回波有很好的部分反射作用,但是通过改变倾角可以发现,这些大气稳定层结随着波束倾角增大并非一直存在,而是具有一定的水平尺度。6、雷达对称波束的回波差异表明了大气层的倾斜状态,当对称波束中有一个方向的回波明显高于另一个方向时,则大气层表现为向回波强的方向倾斜;倾斜的角度,则需要在同一个方向通过变化倾角连续扫描,回波最强的倾角对应大气层倾斜的角度。为了研究大气层倾斜的影响因素,本文对不同高度的对称波束回波差进行了周期检测,结果表明:1)在对流层区域,各种尺度的波动(重力波、潮汐波和行星波等)几乎都能对大气层结构产生一定的影响;2)在低平流层,行星波的影响基本很弱,同时小尺度的重力波的影响也相对较弱,8小时潮、12小时潮和24小时潮分量相对较强;3)在中间层和低热层区域,雷达对称波束回波功率差的扰动周期分量基本全是潮汐波分量,而且24小时潮的周期谱最宽,说明24小时潮的脉动最强,由此可见在中间层和低热层区域潮汐波是导致大气层结构发生倾斜的主要因素。
[Abstract]:The MST ( MST ) radar is based on the principle of clear air turbulence scattering , which is used to observe the three - dimensional motion state of the middle layer , the drift layer and the counter - flow layer . The three - dimensional wind profile and the turbulence characteristic parameters of the atmospheric three - dimensional wind profile and the turbulence characteristic parameters are obtained . The Wuhan MST radar is used as the first construction MST radar in the mainland of China , and is located in Chongyang County , Hubei Province ( geographic coordinates : 11408 ' 8 ' E , 29 掳 31 ' 58 " N ;
The geomagnetic latitude is about 19.56 掳 . This paper studies the spatial structure and temporal change of the upper atmosphere wind field in the middle and high - rise atmosphere , and the key dynamic process in the middle and high - rise atmosphere is studied .
2 ) The relative echo intensity of the convective layer top in Chongyang area is about 4dB stronger than that of the convective layer in the Xianghe area , which indicates that the structure of the convective layer top is sparse in the area with higher latitude , and the directional dependence of the echo of the top radar is weaker ;
Based on the periodic analysis of the relative echo data of the model , it can be found that the relative echo of the top of the radar can be modulated by tidal wave and planetary wave .
2 ) Layered rainfall echo generally occurs below zero degree isotherm , while strong convective rainfall echo will appear above zero degree isotherm ;
3 ) the background wind field of strong convection rainfall is very disordered and the rainfall duration is short ;
Based on quasi - monochromatic gravity wave model , the atmospheric inertia gravity waves of the upper and lower layers of the radar beam are analyzed by means of the observation data of Wuhan MST radar . The results show that : 1 ) The diurnal tidal components of the upper and lower flow layers are relatively strong and the tidal component of the small period is very weak , and the amplitude of tidal wave has obvious periodic variation .
2 ) The amplitude of tidal wave will be co - modulated by tide wave and intergalactic wave longer than its time scale , but the wave whose time scale is smaller than its time scale is not enough to affect it ;
In this paper , the echo characteristics of different wave beams at different altitudes are analyzed by using the technique of digital beam synthesis in Wuhan MST radar . The physical mechanism of different altitude radar echoes is analyzed . The results show that : 1 ) In the small dip angle of the counter flow , the radar echo is mainly part reflection and anisotropic turbulent scattering , and the relative high inclination is the co - scattering of anisotropic and isotropic turbulence .
2 ) The higher the height and the greater the inclination angle , the larger the contribution of isotropic turbulence scattering in the radar echo , the larger the isotropic scattering in the middle layer and the low - heat - layer radar echo ;
3 ) The sensitivity parameters of the radar echo direction of the atmospheric stable layer junction are relatively small , mainly because of the relatively compact structure of these stable layers , which has a good partial reflection effect on the radar echo . However , by changing the inclination angle , it can be found that these atmospheric stable layers are not always present along with the increase of the beam tilt angle , but have a certain horizontal dimension .
In order to study the influence factors of the atmospheric tilt , this paper makes periodic detection of the difference of symmetric beam echo in different heights . The results show that : 1 ) In the region of the Troposphere , the fluctuation of various scales ( gravitational waves , tidal waves and planetary waves ) can exert a certain influence on the structure of the atmosphere ;
2 ) At the low level , the influence of the planetary wave is very weak , and the influence of the small scale gravity wave is relatively weak , the 8 - hour tide , the 12 - hour tide and the 24 - hour tide component are relatively strong ;
3 ) In the middle layer and the low heat layer area , the disturbance period component of the radar symmetric beam echo power difference is basically the tidal wave component , and the periodic spectrum of the 24 hours tide is the widest , which shows that the pulsation of the 24 hours tide is strongest , thus the tidal wave in the middle layer and the low heat layer region is the main factor leading to the inclination of the atmosphere structure .

【学位授予单位】:武汉大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:P412.25


本文编号:1772574

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