磁层三维电场仪及超低频波粒相互作用分析器设计

发布时间：2018-05-06 19:13

本文选题：磁层 + 空间电场　；参考：《中国科学院国家空间科学中心》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：空间电磁环境是重要的空间环境背景参量,同时电磁场的扰动也与各种空间天气事件紧密联系。发展空间电场探测手段,探测空间电场及电磁波的变化特征,准确测量空间电场,是等离子体动力学研究、气象研究以及地震预报的迫切需要。本研究的主要目的就是要研究磁层三维电场仪的核心技术,为我国今后卫星星载电场仪的研制提供坚实的基础,并在此基础上提出超低频波粒相互作用分析器的设计。本文主要工作有:1、针对具体的合声波、EMIC波、ULF波和更低频率波的交流电场以及DC电场的测量需求,设计并制作了了电场仪信号处理系统,包括前置放大电路,信号滤波电路,电场信号差分电路,对每一部分电路设计做了模拟仿真,制作了相应的电路板,进行了电路板调试,给出了具体的测试结果。2、制作了电场仪伸杆电子系统,包括为了减小耦合电阻而给探头施加偏置电流(BIAS)的电路,以及为了减小光电流干扰的Usher和Guard电压偏置电路,并结合FPGA的控制,进行了传感器测试诊断(Sensor Diagnostic Test,SDT)功能的演示,确定电场仪探头最佳工作点。3、制作了电场仪的电源系统,包括数字电源、模拟电源的设计和工程实现,做了仿真测试和PCB板上调试,测量了各个电源的纹波,结果显示各电源能够满足设计需求,当然,要获得更加稳定的电源还需要进一步的优化设计。4、定量计算了球形电场仪探头分别在电离层、磁层两种等离子体环境中的耦合电压及耦合电阻大小;定量计算了给球形探头施加偏置电流在提高电场测量精度、减小测量误差方面的意义;定量计算了密度梯度和温度梯度对电场测量结果的影响;定量计算了运算放大器的输入阻抗以及电场仪探头与周围等离子体的耦合阻抗对测量结果的影响。计算结果表明,给球形电场仪探头施加一定的偏置电流,可以减小探头与等离子体之间的耦合电阻,减小由于密度梯度以及温度梯度等因素引起的测量误差,提高测量的准确性;选择输入阻抗较大的前置放大器,或者选择直径较大的探头,增加探头与等离子体之间的耦合电容,都能有效的提高电场测量精度;而通过增加探头伸杆的长度,可以减小由于等离子体德拜半径过大和尾迹效应引起的测量误差。5、设计了超低频波粒相互作用分析器原理模块,对仪器的每个功能模块进行了建模及测试,根据测试结果,进行了相关的误差分析。本文的创新点有:1、针对研究合声波、emic波、ulf波和更低频率波的交流电场以及dc电场与粒子相互作用过程的需求,设计了能准确测量三维电场超低频及准直流部分的双旋转平面电场测量方案,制作了相应的原理模块设计。该测量方案克服了目前空间电场仪无法准确测量超低频和准直流电场的缺点,能真正意义上实现对超低频和准直流三维电场的准确测量。2、在准确测量超低频和准直流三维电场的前提下,原创性地提出了超低频波粒相互作用分析器的设计,这种分析器能测量emic波、ulf波和更低频率波的交流电场以及dc电场与粒子的微观相互作用过程,能准确给出该过程中单位时间内的能量传输率。3、文中关于球形电场仪探头与等离子体之间耦合阻抗的大小以及偏置电流的施加在提高测量精度方面的定量分析方法和具体步骤,为今后的工程设计和数据标定分析奠定了理论基础。最后在总结和展望部分,指出本文中的设计在将来科学观测任务中的实际指导意义及应用方向,并且给出了后续的一些研究计划,包括进一步将整个系统工程化,以及对超低频波粒相互作用分析器的改进方向。
[Abstract]:Space electromagnetic environment is an important background parameter of space environment, and the disturbance of electromagnetic field is closely related to various space weather events. It is urgent to develop space electric field detection means, detect the change characteristics of space electric field and electromagnetic wave, and accurately measure the space electric field. It is an urgent need for plasma dynamic study, meteorology research and earthquake prediction. The main purpose of this study is to study the core technology of the magnetosphere three dimensional electric field instrument and provide a solid foundation for the development of the future satellite borne electric field instrument in our country. On the basis of this, the design of the ultra low frequency wave particle interaction analyzer is proposed. The main work is as follows: 1, for specific acoustic wave, EMIC wave, ULF wave and lower frequency wave rate wave. The signal processing system of the electric field instrument is designed and made, including the preamplifier circuit, the signal filter circuit and the electric field signal differential circuit. The circuit board is simulated, the corresponding circuit board is made, the circuit board is debugged and the specific test results.2 are given, and the concrete test results are given, and the concrete test results are given. An electronic system of the electric field instrument extension rod is made, including the circuit for applying the bias current (BIAS) to the probe to reduce the coupling resistance, and the Usher and Guard voltage bias circuit for reducing the interference of the light current, and with the control of the FPGA, a demonstration of the function of the sensor test diagnosis (Sensor Diagnostic Test, SDT) is carried out, and the probe of the electric field instrument is determined most. .3, making the power system of the electric field instrument, including the digital power supply, the design of analog power supply and the implementation of the engineering, the simulation test and the debugging on the PCB board, measured the ripple of each power supply. The results show that the power supply can meet the design requirements. Of course, to get more stable power supply, further optimization design.4, quantitative The coupling voltage and coupling resistance in the two plasma environments of the ionosphere and magnetosphere are calculated by the spherical electric field probe, and the significance of applying the bias current to the spherical probe is calculated to improve the measurement accuracy of the electric field and reduce the measurement error, and the quantitative calculation of the density gradient and the temperature gradient on the measurement results of the electric field is given. The influence of the input impedance of the operational amplifier and the coupling impedance of the electric field probe and the surrounding plasma on the measurement results is calculated quantitatively. The results show that the coupling resistance between the probe and the plasma can be reduced and the density gradient and the temperature gradient can be reduced by applying the bias current to the probe of the spherical electric field instrument. The measurement error caused by the other factors can improve the accuracy of the measurement, and the precision of the electric field measurement can be effectively improved by selecting a larger preamplifier with a larger input impedance, or selecting a larger diameter probe and increasing the coupling capacitance between the plasma and the probe, and the length of the probe extension can reduce the Diba half of the plasma. The measurement error caused by large diameter and wake effect is.5. The principle module of ultra low frequency wave particle interaction analyzer is designed. Each functional module of the instrument is modeled and tested. The related error analysis is carried out according to the test results. The innovation points of this paper are as follows: 1, the communication of acoustic wave, emic wave, Ulf wave and low frequency wave rate are studied in this paper. The demand of the electric field and the interaction between the DC electric field and the particle is designed. A two rotating plane electric field measurement scheme which can accurately measure the ultra low frequency and quasi direct current part of the electric field is designed. The corresponding principle module is designed. The measurement scheme overcomes the shortcomings that the space electric field meter can not accurately measure the ultra low frequency and the quasi direct current electric field at present. In real sense, the accurate measurement of ultra low frequency and quasi direct current three-dimensional electric field.2, on the premise of accurate measurement of ultra low frequency and quasi direct current three-dimensional electric field, the design of ultra low frequency wave particle interaction analyzer is designed. This analyzer can measure the AC electric field of emic wave, Ulf wave and lower frequency wave, and DC electric field and particle. The microcosmic interaction process can accurately give the energy transfer rate per unit time in the process.3, the size of the coupling impedance between the probe and the plasma of the spherical electric field instrument and the quantitative analysis method and the concrete steps of the bias current applied to improve the measurement accuracy. The theoretical basis is laid out. Finally, in the summary and prospect part, the practical guiding significance and application direction of the design in the future scientific observation task are pointed out, and some subsequent research plans are given, including the further engineering of the whole system and the improvement direction of the ultra low frequency wave particle interaction analyzer.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院国家空间科学中心
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P353

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