松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩风化壳及其储层预测

发布时间：2018-05-09 02:18

本文选题：徐家围子断陷 + 营城组　；参考：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：火山岩气藏是一种重要的非常规油气资源,自19世纪末在美国加利福尼亚州的圣华金盆地首次发现火山岩油气藏以来,相继在全世界100多个国家地区发现了火山岩油气藏。火山岩油气正成为全球油气资源勘探开发的重要领域之一。近20年来,我国渤海湾、松辽、准噶尔和三塘湖等盆地相继发现了多个高产火山岩油气藏,这些发现展示出我国火山岩油气藏巨大的勘探潜力。与未风化的火山岩相比,经过风化改造的火山岩更易形成有利储集层和高产油气藏,因此火山岩风化壳的研究对指导火山岩油气勘探具有重要意义。目前,关于火山岩风化壳的研究较少,在国内主要集中在我国西北地区古生界火山岩油气藏。前人对准噶尔盆地、三塘湖盆地火山岩风化壳孔隙成因、分布、风化壳发育模式等进行了研究,认为准噶尔盆地火山岩有利储层区带主要发育在火山岩的风化体淋滤带和崩解带,指出火山岩风化壳能够形成良好的储层,作为一种特殊的油气藏类型具有重要的理论和应用价值。松辽盆地中生代火山岩风化壳与西部盆地古生代火山岩风化壳相比,在风化时间、风化壳厚度、风化壳结构及其对储层的影响等方面存在显著差异,但目前对松辽盆地火山岩风化壳及其储层意义的研究较少。本次研究以松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩为研究对象,研究目的在于探索松辽盆地中生代火山岩风化壳的识别标志,对火山岩风化壳结构、发育模式、分布范围及储层特征进行深入系统的研究,以期指导我国东部火山岩油气勘探与开发。本次研究通过野外剖面风化壳地质测量、钻井岩心观察、岩石薄片、铸体薄片显微镜观察、全岩分析和粘土矿物扫描电镜分析,结合测井和三维地震风化壳识别、地震正演模拟和地震属性分析等,建立了松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩风化壳典型识别标志、风化壳结构模式及地质-地球物理刻画方法;利用这些方法预测了徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩风化壳分布范围。结合盆地构造、火山岩喷发期次等特征,建立了火山岩风化壳储层的发育模式,并预测了徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩风化壳储层的分布。本次研究的创新点包括:1.明确了松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩风化壳的地质与地球物理特征,指出其风化壳形成机制及其结构,总结其识别标志,最终建立徐家围子营城组火山岩风化壳储层发育模式。2.凝练了徐家围子营城组风化壳储层成因,形成了火山岩风化壳储层预测的地质-地球物理方法,指出风化壳储层有利区。通过本次研究,得出以下结论与认识:1.建立了徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩风化壳的地质识别标志,划分了火山岩风化壳结构,总结了火山岩风化壳形成机制。(1)火山岩风化壳地质识别标志有三类十一种:宏观特征:风化粘土层标志、高角度裂缝粘土充填带标志、溶蚀孔缝标志和杏仁构造溶蚀标志;微观特征:碳酸盐化标志、浊沸石化标志、绿泥石化标志、绢云母化标志、粘土化标志和微裂缝标志;地化特征:风化指数cia50。(2)将松辽盆地徐家围子断陷区营城组火山岩风化壳结构自上而下分为四层:粘土层、淋滤带、破碎带和母岩。淋滤带风化淋滤蚀变作用强,溶蚀孔及裂缝发育,岩石结构完整性差,是主要油气储集层;破碎带风化淋滤蚀变作用较强,岩石半破碎,裂缝和孔隙较发育,岩石结构较完整,是次要油气储集层。(3)徐家围子营城组火山岩风化壳的形成机制:徐家围子断陷这种强烈断陷作用形成的隆起凹陷构造格局造就了火山岩风化壳的形成;受徐中和徐东走滑断裂活动的影响,断裂发育处的火山岩地层明显变陡,遭受强烈的风化剥蚀作用,形成了较大厚度的火山岩风化壳;深部火山热液沿断裂向上运移,使得热液蚀变影响到火山岩储层演化,断裂发育可以增加风化壳和有效储层厚度。2.建立徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩风化壳的地球物理识别标志。(1)火山岩风化壳测井曲线特征为:井径值较大,通常都在9~11cm以上;自然伽马值较大,通常都在120~150api以上;声波时差值较大,通常都在60~90usm-1以上;密度值较小,通常都在2~2.5g/cm-3以下。(2)火山岩风化壳成像测井特征为:风化壳上层和下层的FMI图像颜色为亮黄色或暗黄色,颜色较浅,电阻率较高;而风化壳层的FMI图像颜色为褐色或黑褐色,颜色较深,电阻率较低。当风化程度较弱时,弱风化壳层的FMI图像颜色为暗红色,电阻率呈中阻;当风化程度适中时,中风化层的FMI图像颜色为红褐色,电阻率呈中低阻;当风化程度较强时,强风化层的FMI图像颜色为暗黑色,电阻率呈低阻。(3)火山岩风化壳地震上表现为强反射-连续-低频同相轴,盆缘下部地层削截、盆内协调。根据火山岩风化壳的地震响应特征,优选敏感属性——振幅和频率属性,在营一段风化壳层提取最大峰值振幅属性和平均瞬时频率属性,预测出风化壳的分布范围,两种属性预测的准确率分别为81.43%和72.86%。3.对火山岩风化壳储层特征进行研究,建立火山岩风化壳的储层发育模式,预测火山岩风化壳和储层的分布范围。(1)风化壳储层发育大量风化作用产生的溶蚀孔和溶蚀缝,通过半定量计算溶蚀孔的面孔率,证实了风化作用有效增加了储层的储集空间,改善了储层的物性。原生孔隙发育的火山岩,风化作用产生的次生孔隙更多;原生孔隙不太发育的火山岩,风化作用也会产生次生孔隙,但次生孔隙产生的较少。酸性岩比基性岩更容易被风化,这与酸性岩的结晶程度低有关。(2)建立徐家围子火山岩风化壳储层的两种发育模式:古隆起发育模式和斜坡带与凹陷并存发育模式。古隆起发育模式的风化壳结构较完整,包括粘土层、淋滤带、破碎带和母岩,通常形成良好的工业气层。斜坡带与凹陷并存发育模式的风化壳结构不完整,只包括淋滤带、破碎带和母岩,通常形成良好的工业气层或低产气层。(3)建立了火山岩风化壳的预测原则:火山岩风化壳三类十一种地质特征、测井曲线特征、地震反射特征和地震属性特征。预测松辽盆地徐家围子断陷火山岩风化壳分布范围,利用剩余10口钻井资料验证预测的准确性,结果表明,绝对误差和相对误差较小,说明预测的准确性。最终预测风化壳储层的有利区分布,第一类储层集中分布在徐深地区中部,达深地区北部和西南部;第二类储层集中分布在徐深地区东南部,达深地区中部;第三类储层集中分布在徐深地区周边,宋深地区和升深地区。
[Abstract]:Volcanic gas reservoir is an important and unconventional oil and gas resource. Since the first discovery of volcanic oil and gas reservoirs in the San Hua Jin basin, California, the United States of California, volcanic oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered successively in the whole world. Volcanic oil and gas are becoming one of the most important fields of oil and gas exploration and development in the world. Nearly 20 of them have been found in the world. Over the years, many high producing volcanic reservoirs have been found in the Bohai Bay, Songliao, Junggar and three Santanghu basins. These discoveries show that the volcanic rocks in China have great potential for exploration. Compared with the non weathered volcanic rocks, the weathered volcanic rocks are more likely to form favorable reservoir and high yield oil and gas reservoirs, so the volcanic rock wind is more likely to be formed. The study of the crust is of great significance to the exploration of the volcanic oil and gas exploration. At present, there are few studies on the weathering crust of volcanic rocks. In China, the Paleozoic volcanic oil and gas reservoirs are mainly concentrated in the northwest of China. The predecessors were aimed at the Junggar basin, and the distribution of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock crust in the three Santanghu basin and the model of the weathering crust development. It is considered that the favorable reservoir zone of the volcanic rocks in the Junggar basin is mainly developed in the leachate zone and disintegration zone of the weathering body of the volcanic rocks. It is pointed out that the weathering crust of the volcanic rock can form a good reservoir. As a special type of reservoir, the weathering crust of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Songliao Basin and the Paleozoic fire in the western basin are of great importance. Compared with the weathering crust, there are significant differences in weathering time, weathering crust thickness, weathering crust structure and its influence on the reservoir, but there are few studies on the significance of the weathering crust and its reservoir in the Songliao basin. In order to guide the exploration and development of volcanic rocks in the eastern part of China, the weathering crust of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Suo Songliao basin has been systematically studied in order to guide the exploration and development of the volcanic rocks in the eastern part of China. The typical identification marks of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock in the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng Formation of the Songliao Basin, the model of the weathering crust structure and the geological geophysical characterization method, are established by the thin slice microscope observation, the whole rock analysis and the scanning electron microscope analysis of clay minerals, combined with the identification of well logging and 3D seismic weathering crust, the seismic forward modeling and the seismic attribute analysis. These methods have been used to predict the distribution of the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks in the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng formation. The development pattern of the volcanic weathering crust reservoir is established and the distribution of the volcanic weathering crust reservoir in the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng formation is predicted by combining the structure of the basin and the eruption period of the volcanic rocks. The innovation points of this study include: 1. The geological and geophysical characteristics of the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks in the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng Formation of the Xujiaweizi, Liaozi basin, point out the mechanism and structure of its weathering crust, sum up its identification mark, and finally establish the development mode of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of the Xujiaweizi Yingcheng Formation.2. condensing the weathering crust formation of the Xujiaweizi Yingcheng Formation, forming the weathering of the volcanic rock. The geological geophysical method of the crust reservoir prediction points out the favorable area of the weathered crust reservoir. Through this study, the following conclusions and understanding are obtained: 1. the geological identification marks of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of the Xujiaweizi fault Yingcheng Formation are established, the weathering crust structure of the volcanic rocks is divided and the formation mechanism of the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks is summarized. (1) the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks. There are three categories and eleven kinds of qualitative identification marks: macroscopical characteristics: weathered clay marker, high angle fractured clay filling belt sign, dissolution seal mark and almond structural dissolution mark; microfeature: carbonation mark, turbid petrochemistry sign, green mud petrifaction mark, sericite mark, clay mark and micro fissure sign; geochemistry characteristic: weathering finger Cia50. (2) divides the weathering crust of the Yingcheng Group of Yingcheng Formation in the Xujiaweizi faulted area of Songliao basin into four layers: clay layer, leachate zone, broken zone and parent rock. The weathering leaching alteration of the leachate zone is strong, the dissolution pores and cracks are developed, the integrity of the rock structure is poor, the main oil and gas reservoir is the rock structure, and the weathering leaching alteration effect of the broken zone is stronger. The rock is semi fractured, the fracture and pore are more developed, and the rock structure is more complete. (3) the formation mechanism of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of Xujiaweizi Yingcheng Formation: the formation of the uplift depression formed by the strong fault depression of Xujiaweizi fault depression has formed the formation of the volcanic rocks of the volcanic rocks; it is active by the Xu Zhonghe Xu Dong strike slip fault. The volcanic rocks in the fault development area are obviously steepening and subjected to strong weathering and denudation, forming a large thickness volcanic weathering crust, and the deep volcanic hydrothermal fluid moves upward along the fault, which causes the hydrothermal alteration to affect the evolution of the volcanic reservoir. The fracture development can increase the weathering crust and the effective reservoir thickness.2. to establish the Xujiaweizi break. The geophysical identification mark of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of the Yingcheng formation. (1) the logging curve of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock is that the well diameter is larger and usually above 9~11cm; the natural gamma value is larger than 120~150api; the acoustic wave time difference is large, usually above 60~90us? M-1; the density is smaller, usually below 2~2.5g/cm-3. (2) fire. (2) fire The imaging logging of the weathering crust of the weathered crust is that the FMI image of the upper and lower layers of the weathered crust is bright yellow or dark yellow, and the color is relatively shallow and the resistivity is high, while the FMI image of the weathered shell is brown or dark brown, the color is deep, and the resistivity is low. When the weathering degree is weak, the FMI image of the weakly weathered shell is dark red and resistivity. When the weathering degree is moderate, the FMI image of the medium weathered layer is reddish brown and the resistivity is low resistance. When the weathering degree is strong, the FMI image of the strong weathering layer is dark black and the resistivity is low resistance. (3) the weathering crust of the volcanic rock is characterized by strong reflection continuous low frequency phase axis, the lower part of the basin margin and the coordination in the basin. According to the seismic response characteristics of the weathering crust of volcanic rocks, the sensitivity properties, amplitude and frequency properties are selected, the maximum peak amplitude attribute and the average instantaneous frequency attribute are extracted from the weathered shell of the camp a section, and the distribution range of the weathering crust is predicted. The accuracy of the two attributes prediction is 81.43% and 72.86%.3., respectively, for the characteristics of the volcanic weathering crust reservoir. The reservoir development model of volcanic weathering crust is established, and the distribution range of weathering crust and reservoir of volcanic rocks is predicted. (1) the weathering crust of weathering crust is developed by a large number of weathering corrosion holes and dissolution joints. By semi quantitative calculation of the face rate of the dissolved pores, it is proved that the weathering is used to effectively increase the reservoir space and improve the reservoir. Physical properties. Primary pore developed volcanic rocks, more secondary pores produced by weathering; volcanic rocks with less developed primary pores, secondary pores produced by weathering, but less secondary pores. Acid rocks are more easily weathered than basic rocks. (2) the establishment of the Xujiaweizi volcanic rock wind The two development modes of the crust reservoir: the ancient uplift development model and the coexistence of slope belt and depression. The weathering crust of the paleo uplift model is more complete, including clay layer, leachate zone, broken zone and parent rock, usually forming a good industrial gas reservoir. The weathering crusts of the slope zone and the depression and development model are incomplete, only including the drenching. The filter belt, the broken zone and the parent rock usually form a good industrial gas reservoir or low production gas reservoir. (3) the prediction principle of the weathering crust of the volcanic rocks is established: eleven types of geological features of the volcanic weathering crust, three types of geological characteristics, the characteristics of logging curves, seismic reflection and seismic attributes, and the prediction of the distribution of the weathering crust of the volcanic rock of the Songliao Basin, Xujiaweizi, and the use of the weathering crust of the Songliao Basin The remaining 10 drilling data verify the accuracy of the prediction. The results show that the absolute error and relative error are small, indicating the accuracy of the prediction. Finally, the favorable distribution of the weathered crust reservoir is predicted. The first kind of reservoir is concentrated in the middle of Xuzhou area, North and southwest of the deep area, and the second kind of reservoir is concentrated in the southeast of Xuzhou area. In the central part of the Darshan area, the third types of reservoirs are concentrated in the vicinity of the Xushen area, the song Shen area and the deep area.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P618.13

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