基于线性光学系统的量子测量与量子关联实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 17:59

本文选题：光学系统 + 多光子纠缠　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：量子信息作为一门依赖于量子系统的信息处理科学,它的基本单元就是两能级量子系统,也就是通常所说的量子比特。对单比特量子系统的操控和信息读取是未来实现量子信息任务和量子计算的必备技术,其中单比特信息的读取是依靠量子测量实现的。研究测量过程中多个可观测量之间的误差和扰动限制关系,则对实际的测量过程有着重要的理论指导意义。当系统扩展到多粒子的情况时,粒子间的关联就成为量子信息的一个重要研究对象,这些关联可以作为一种资源来实现多种量子信息任务。例如,量子纠缠可以用来实现量子隐形传态,量子纠错和量子计算。关于纠缠的一个重要问题就是纠缠划分,它可以帮助我们更好的理解纠缠这种神奇的物理性质,抓住不同类型纠缠的内在本质特征。量子非定域性作为量子信息长久以来的一项研究内容,可以用来实现设备无关的量子密钥分发,简化通信复杂度等,同时,对它的研究也可以加深我们对量子力学的理解。多体量子系统局域与整体之间的关联可以简化标准的量子态层析过程,使测量基个数和后处理时间都由随比特数的指数增长变为线性增长。本论文围绕上述问题,进行了如下几个方面的研究:1.利用单光子分离变量的量子行走装置实现了单比特Trine POVM,SIC POVM和两个非正交态的确定性态分辨,实验验证了单比特广义测量的一种普适方法。2.在之前单比特广义测量方法的基础上,实现了两个非对易泡利算符的联合测量,验证了它们之间态无关的误差扰动关系。进一步搭建了 13步的单光子量子行走装置,提出并实验测量了新的三个泡利算符间的态相关的不确定关系,弥补了两个可观测量间不等式的不足。3.实验制备了两个高保真度的四光子纠缠态,并运用局域过滤装置区分出了这两个四光子纠缠态的不同纠缠类型。我们的方法仅需要单光子局域谱的探测,它为将来量子态纠缠类型的实验区分提供了一种新的可能性。4.简要论述了线性光学系统量子非局域性的发展进程,实验制备出了高保真的四光子Dicke态,以对它的非定域性实验探测为例,显示了这类实验存在的不足,介绍了主要的探测漏洞和现如今的无漏洞局域探测实验。5.对于某一类的纯态存在一种有效的量子态层析方法,可以利用量子态的关联性质,使量子态层析的实验测量基个数和后处理时间随系统维度的指数增加变为线性增加。我们实验制备了一个高保真度的四光子纠缠态,研究了该方法的有效性和对噪声的鲁棒性。
[Abstract]:As an information processing science which depends on the quantum system, the basic unit of quantum information is the two level quantum system, that is, the usual quantum bit. The manipulation and information reading of the single biter quantum system is a necessary technology to realize the quantum information task and quantum computing in the future. It is realized by quantum measurement. It is important for the actual measurement process to study the relation between the error and the disturbance limitation between many observable measurements in the measurement process. When the system extends to the case of multiple particles, the correlation between particles becomes an important research object of quantum information. These associations can be used as a kind of research. For example, quantum entanglement can be used to realize quantum teleportation, quantum error correction and quantum computation. An important problem of entanglement is entanglement division. It can help us to better understand the magic physical properties of entanglement and grasp the intrinsic nature of different types of entanglement. Quantum Non locality, as a research content of quantum information for a long time, can be used to realize device independent quantum key distribution and simplify communication complexity. At the same time, the study of it can also deepen our understanding of quantum mechanics. The correlation between the local and the whole of the multibody quantum system can simplify the standard quantum state chromatography process. In this paper, a quantum walk device with single photon separation is used to realize the deterministic state resolution of single Trine POVM, SIC POVM and two non orthogonal states, which are verified by experiments. A universal method of monbi generalized measurement.2., based on the previous monbi generalized measurement method, implements the joint measurement of two non pair Pauli operators, validates the state independent error relation between them. A 13 step single photon quantum walking device is built, and the new three Pauli calculations are put forward and experimentally measured. The indeterminate relationship between the states of a symbol makes up for the insufficiency of the two observable inter - Measurement inequalities. The two high fidelity four photon entanglement states are prepared by the.3. experiment, and the different entanglement types of the two four photon entangled states are separated by the local filter unit. The experimental division of the type of substate entanglement provides a new possibility,.4. briefly discusses the development process of quantum nonlocality in linear optical systems. The experiment has prepared a high fidelity four photon Dicke state. In order to detect its non locality test as an example, it shows the shortcomings of this kind of experiment, and introduces the main detection loopholes and now. .5. has an effective quantum state chromatography for a certain class of pure states. We can make use of the correlation properties of quantum states to make the number of experimental measurements and the postprocessing time of the quantum state chromatography increase linearly with the exponent of the system dimension. We have experimentally prepared a high fidelity four. The photon entangled state is studied, and the robustness and robustness of the method are studied.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O413.1

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