基于核磁共振体系的量子信息测量与图像处理应用

发布时间：2018-05-23 15:40

本文选题：量子信息处理 + 核磁共振　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：量子信息科学以量子力学为基础,通过与数学,信息科学,计算机科学,以及材料学等学科相融合,近30年来获得了飞速发展,并取得了累累硕果。基于量子力学系统的独特性质,量子信息科学在信息安全、信息存储、信息处理等方面拥有经典信息无法比拟的巨大优势,使得许多经典信息完全无法企及的问题变得可能,因此量子信息技术被人们寄予厚望,希望它能够让人类的信息处理能力实现跨越式的提高。信息处理与读出是信息科学的核心部分,对于量子信息过程而言,由于对象是异于经典世界感观的量子信息,因而针对量子信息特性及技术方法的研究显得尤为重要。如何更有效更准确地读出量子态或者量子信道包含的信息,如何理解量子力学不相容性对量子信息的影响,如何快速地对量子信息进行必要的变换等问题都亟待人们解决,并且对这些问题的研究将在很长时间成为人们研究的热点。目前,多种物理体系都是量子信息处理实现的潜在载体,其中,核磁共振体系因其成熟的控制技术以及较好的退相干时间,成为许多量子处理方法测试的优选平台,大量的量子算法和量子模拟方案在核磁共振上得到了演示。本文中简要介绍了基于核磁共振(NMR)体系的量子信息技术,并围绕"基于核磁共振体系的量子信息测量与图像处理应用"这一课题,介绍了本人在攻读博士学位期间的一些研究内容及成果。论文主要内容分为以下几个方面:(1,2)前两章是论文大背景的介绍,包括量子信息科学,以及NMR体系量子计算实现。(3)第三章讨论了量子态和量子过程层析的相关内容,介绍了博士期间这个方向的两个工作,一是利用成对相互作用理论上将利用单个测量仪器重构量子态的方法扩展到n-qubit系统,并用这种方法在实验上重构出不同类型的2-qubit量子态。二是利用自适应测量,考察对纯态和幺正过程的层析,极大地减少了测量次数。实验上实现了对量子信息处理中的通用逻辑门的层析。(4)第四章介绍了不确定关系的相关研究工作。第一个工作是考虑存在量子记忆的两体系统,对其中一部分进行全部无偏基的测量,推导出一个不确定关系的等式,即总的测量不确定度是一个常数,只与初始系统的状态相关。在实验上,设计直接测量的方式,并通过单个探测比特读出线性熵信息,对不等式守恒关系进行了实验验证。第二个工作是关于测量型不确定关系。我们对已有的理论框架做了一些修改,推导出qubit情形下基于统计距离的一个增强的测量型不确定关系,并设计联合测量实验方案,利用单个比特直接读出联合测量概率,对不等式进行实验检验。(5)第五章讨论了图像处理和特征提取相关问题。第一个工作介绍了量子图像处理基本框架,一些常用的量子图像变换相对经典图像变换存在指数加速,并在实验上演示了基本的量子图像变换过程。另一方面,我们提出一个高效的边缘探测算法,只需要一个操作即可提取出边缘信息,与图片维度无关,并成功的在实验中进行了演示。第二部分介绍本人对量子图像识别方案的一些简单思考。(6)第六章是总结与展望。
[Abstract]:Quantum information science, based on quantum mechanics, has developed rapidly in the past 30 years by combining with mathematics, information science, computer science, and materials science. Based on the unique properties of quantum mechanical systems, quantum information science has its own aspects in information security, information storage, information processing and so on. The unparalleled advantage of the canon information makes it possible for many classical information to be completely unreachable, so the quantum information technology is expected to be expected to enable the human information processing capability to be improved by leaps and bounds. Information processing and readout are the core of the information science, and for the quantum information process. Because the object is the quantum information that is different from the classical sense of the world, it is particularly important to study the quantum information characteristics and technical methods. How to read the information contained in the quantum state or the quantum channel more effectively and accurately, how to understand the influence of the incompatibility of quantum mechanics to the quantum information and how to quickly get into the quantum information The study of the necessary changes and other problems will be urgently needed to be solved, and the research on these problems will become a hot spot of research for a long time. At present, many physical systems are the potential carriers for the realization of quantum information processing, in which the nuclear magnetic resonance system has become a lot of quantum because of its mature control techniques and better decoherence time. A large number of quantum algorithms and quantum simulation schemes have been demonstrated on nuclear magnetic resonance. In this paper, the quantum information technology based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system is briefly introduced, and the subject of "quantum information measurement and image processing based on NMR system" is introduced in this paper. The main contents and achievements of the doctorate are divided into the following aspects: (1,2) the first two chapters are the introduction of the large background of the thesis, including the quantum information science and the realization of the quantum computation of the NMR system. (3) the third chapter discusses the related content of quantum state and quantum process layer analysis, and introduces the two in this direction during the doctorate period. The first is to use the pair interaction theory to expand the quantum state of the quantum state by using a single measuring instrument to expand to the n-qubit system, and restructure the different types of 2-qubit quantum states by this method. Two is the use of adaptive measurement to investigate the pure state and unitary pass chromatography, greatly reducing the number of measurements. The general logic gate of the quantum information processing is realized. (4) the fourth chapter introduces the related research work of the uncertain relation. The first work is to consider the two body system with quantum memory, to measure all the unbiased bases of one part, and to derive an equation of the uncertainty relation, that is, the total measurement uncertainty is A constant is only related to the state of the initial system. In the experiment, the method of direct measurement is designed and the linear entropy information is read through a single detection bit. The experimental verification of the conservation of inequality is carried out. The second work is about the uncertainty relation of the measurement type. We have made some modifications to the existing theoretical framework and deduced the qubit situation. An enhanced measurement uncertainty relationship based on statistical distance, and an experimental scheme for joint measurement is designed. A single bit is used to read the joint measurement probability directly. (5) the fifth chapter discusses the problem of image processing and feature extraction. The first work introduces the basic framework of quantum image processing. Some commonly used quantum image transform relative classical image transformation has exponential acceleration, and the basic quantum image transformation process is demonstrated experimentally. On the other hand, we propose an efficient edge detection algorithm, which only needs one operation to extract the edge information, independent of the picture dimension, and successfully carried out in the experiment. The second part introduces my simple thinking about the quantum image recognition scheme. (6) the sixth chapter is the summary and prospect.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.41;O413

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