长江上游梯级水库泥沙输移与泥沙调度研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 01:01

  本文选题：三峡水库 + 长江上游梯级水库　； 参考：《武汉大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：泥沙淤积问题是影响长江上游大型梯级水库长期运用与效益发挥的关键因素之一,开展梯级水库联合运用条件下水库泥沙输移、库区淤积及泥沙调度等问题研究,可为梯级水库联合优化调度提供技术支撑,具有重要的现实意义。本文以长江上游梯级水库泥沙问题为研究对象,采用实测资料分析、理论分析、数学模型计算等多种手段相结合的研究方法,开展了以下几个方面的研究：(1)采用理论分析和实测资料分析的方法开展了三峡水库泥沙输移特性研究。沙峰输移特性研究结果表明,三峡水库沙峰传播时间的主要影响因子是入库沙峰含沙量和洪水滞留系数,沙峰传播时间可近似采用以入库沙峰含沙量和洪水滞留系数为自变量的公式来表达；三峡水库沙峰出库率的主要影响因子是洪水滞留系数,沙峰输沙率可近似采用以洪水滞留系数为单一自变量的公式来表达。研究构建了可用于指导实时调度的三峡水库沙峰传播时间公式和沙峰出库率公式。以三峡水库蓄水运用以来场次洪水排沙比资料为基础,通过统计回归建立了三峡水库汛期场次洪水排沙比公式,并开展了三峡水库蓄水期及消落期排沙比变化规律研究。(2)考虑水沙输移过程中的非恒定性及库区更多支流库容的影响,基于三级解法的基本思想,建立了三峡水库干支流河道一维非恒定流水沙数学模型,并在恢复饱和系数、区间流量、库容闭合等方面对模型进行了改进。采用三峡水库蓄水运用后2003～2013年实测资料对模型进行了验证,验证计算的水位流量过程、输沙量、淤积量及排沙比等与实测值符合较好,改进后的模型可用于三峡水库泥沙问题模拟研究。(3)以三峡水库干支流河道一维非恒定流水沙数学模型为基础,研究建立了长江上游梯级水库联合调度泥沙数学模型,模型干流计算范围从乌东德库尾攀枝花至三峡坝址长约1800km,计算范围内包含了乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡、向家坝、三峡5座大型水库。采用平衡坡降法进行了金沙江中游梯级、雅砻江梯级、岷江梯级、嘉陵江梯级、乌江梯级共27座水库的拦沙计算,干支流梯级拦沙计算成果通过改变模型进口水沙边界的方式参与梯级水库泥沙冲淤计算。(4)采用长江上游梯级水库联合调度泥沙数学模型开展了乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡、向家坝、三峡梯级水库泥沙冲淤500年长期预测计算。基于1991～2000年水沙系列的计算结果表明：不考虑龙盘梯级时,乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡、向家坝、三峡水库的库区淤积初步平衡时间分别约为140年、230年、260年、270年、340年；考虑龙盘梯级时,乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡、向家坝、三峡水库的库区淤积初步平衡时间分别约为180年、270年、290年、300年、370年。各水库淤积平衡时间都远长于原设计预期,这为梯级水库开展优化调度提供了有利条件。(5)开展了三峡水库入出库水沙变化分析、长江上游实测水沙变化分析、三峡及长江上游梯级水库优化调度分析,从水沙条件变化和水库优化调度的角度,论证了长江上游梯级水库开展汛期沙峰调度和汛期“蓄清排浑”动态使用调度的现实意义及其可行性。(6)采用实测资料分析与数学模型计算相结合的研究方法,开展了长江上游大型梯级水库汛期泥沙调度初步研究。在三峡水库汛期泥沙调度方面,研究提出了兼顾排沙的三峡水库沙峰调度方案和三峡水库汛期“蓄清排浑”动态使用的泥沙调度方案；在长江上游溪洛渡、向家坝、三峡梯级水库汛期联合排沙调度方面,研究提出了基于沙峰调度的梯级水库联合排沙调度方案和基于汛期“蓄清排浑”动态使用的梯级水库联合排沙调度方案。
[Abstract]:Sediment deposition is one of the key factors affecting the long-term application and benefit of the large scale cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It is of great practical significance to study the sediment transport and sediment transport in the reservoir area under the combined application of the cascade reservoirs, and to provide technical support for the optimal operation of the cascade reservoirs. The sediment problem of the cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is the research object. The following research methods are carried out by means of actual data analysis, theoretical analysis, mathematical model calculation and many other methods. (1) the sediment transport characteristics of the Three Gorges reservoir are studied by theoretical analysis and measured data analysis. The result of the study shows that the main influencing factors of the propagation time of the sand peak of the Three Gorges reservoir are the sediment concentration and the flood retention coefficient of the sediment peak. The propagation time of the sand peak can be expressed approximately by the formula of the variable of the sediment concentration and the flood detention coefficient of the reservoir, and the main influence factor of the sand peak discharge rate of the Three Gorges reservoir is the flood retention coefficient. The sediment transport rate of the sand peak can be expressed approximately by the formula of the single variable of the flood detention coefficient, which can be used to guide the real-time dispatching of the sand peak in the Three Gorges reservoir. The formula of displacement and sand ratio of field and secondary flood in reservoir flood season has been studied. (2) considering the influence of unsteady and more tributary reservoir capacity in the process of water and sediment transport, based on the basic idea of the three level solution, the mathematical model of one-dimensional unsteady flow sediment in the three Gorges Reservoir's Dry Branch River is established. The model has been improved in the aspects of recovery saturation coefficient, interval flow and storage capacity closure. The model is verified by 2003~2013 years' measured data of the Three Gorges Reservoir after storage and application. It is verified that the calculated water level and flow process, sediment volume, silt volume and sediment ratio are in good agreement with the measured values. The improved model can be used in the Three Gorges Project. 3. (3) based on the one-dimensional unsteady flow sediment model of the Three Gorges Reservoir's dry tributary channel, the sediment mathematical model of the cascade reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is established. The calculation range of the model trunk stream is about 1800km from UDD Ku tail to the dam site of the three Gorges dam. The balance slope method was used to carry out the calculation of the sediment intercept of the 5 reservoirs in the middle reaches of Jinsha River, the Yalong River cascade, the Minjiang River cascade, the Jialing River and the Wujiang cascade reservoirs, and the calculation results of the cascade sediment intercept of the dry tributaries were involved in the sediment scouring and silting meter of the cascade reservoirs by changing the boundary of the water and sand inlet of the model. (4) the long-term prediction of sediment erosion and siltation in uddd, Baihe beach, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba and TGP reservoir is carried out by using the mathematical model of the joint reservoir operation of cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The results of the sediment scouring and silting of the Three Gorges cascade reservoirs are calculated by the 1991~2000 year water sediment series. The initial balance time of the reservoir area is about 140 years, 230 years, 260 years, 270 years and 340 years, while the initial balance time of the reservoir area in the reservoir area of udong De, Baihe beach, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba and TGP reservoir is about 180 years, 270 years, 290 years, 300 years and 370 years respectively. This provides favorable conditions for the optimal dispatching of cascade reservoirs. (5) the analysis of water and sediment changes in the reservoir of the Three Gorges reservoir, the analysis of measured water and sediment changes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the optimal dispatching of cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Three Gorges and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are analyzed. From the angle of the change of water and sediment and the optimal operation of the reservoir, the sand reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is demonstrated in the flood season. The practical significance and feasibility of the dynamic use of peak dispatching and "storing clearing and discharging muddy" in flood season. (6) a preliminary study on the sediment scheduling of large cascade reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is carried out by using the combined method of measured data analysis and mathematical model calculation, and the sediment scheduling is proposed in the flood season of the Three Gorges reservoir. The scheduling scheme for the sand peak of the Three Gorges Reservoir and the dynamic use of the sediment scheduling scheme for the Three Gorges Reservoir during the flood season are dynamically used. In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, and the Three Gorges cascade reservoir in flood season, the joint scheduling scheme of the cascade reservoirs based on the sand peak dispatching and the movement of "storing clearing and discharging muddy" in flood season are proposed. A cascade reservoir scheduling scheme used by the cascade reservoirs.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV145
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本文编号：1979685