中国沼大蚊亚科系统分类研究（双翅目：沼大蚊科）

发布时间：2018-06-06 00:09

本文选题：双翅目 + 沼大蚊科　；参考：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：沼大蚊科Limoniidae隶属于双翅目Diptera大蚊总科Tipuloidea,是双翅目中最大的科之一,广泛分布于世界各地。沼大蚊亚科Limoniinae作为其中最大的亚科,种类多而常见,世界已知34属3800余种,中国已知24属300余种。沼大蚊亚科昆虫是水质监测指示性昆虫,也是重要的有机质分解者,对维持生态平衡具有重要意义。沼大蚊亚科部分种类能对农作物造成危害,为农业害虫。此外,部分种类成虫还具有访花的习惯,是重要的传粉昆虫。因此,开展沼大蚊亚科昆虫研究具重要意义。我国沼大蚊亚科昆虫的研究还很不充分。早期的研究主要由国外学者完成,且研究标本的采集地也较为局限,多集中于我国东南地区。沼大蚊的系统发育关系也争议较大。本论文对我国沼大蚊亚科进行了全面的系统分类研究,介绍了沼大蚊亚科昆虫各虫态的形态特征及生物学,对其系统发育、分类和地理分布等多个方面进行了研究,取得如下结果:(1)测取并分析了沼大蚊亚科7种线粒体基因组。分析结果表明沼大蚊亚科线粒体基因组长度约为1.5kb,共包含37个编码基因,无明显基因重排现象。(2)利用线粒体基因组数据,对沼大蚊亚科进行了系统发育研究。研究结果支持了沼大蚊亚科的单系性,褶大蚊族和象大蚊族归属于沼大蚊亚科。沼大蚊亚科族间系统发育关系为(褶大蚊族+象大蚊族)+(安大蚊族+沼大蚊族)。象大蚊族的单系性也得到了较好的支持。此外,本研究首次运用分子数据支持了箭大蚊属属于象大蚊族。(3)根据标本和文献,对我国沼大蚊亚科24属334种进行全面记述,并对其中20属104种进行了详细地描述、绘图和拍照。研究发现29新种,包括栉形大蚊属Rhipidia12种、长唇大蚊属Geranomyia 7种、箭大蚊属Toxorhina5种、象大蚊属Elephantomyia2种、白爪大蚊属Thrypticomyia2种以及褶大蚊属Dicranoptycha1种。研究还发现6中国新记录种,分别为栉形大蚊属Rhipidia3种、箭大蚊属Toxorhina2种以及象大蚊属Elephantomyia1种。研究发现新种和中国新记录种共计35种,使我国沼大蚊亚科从299种增至334种,增加了 11.71%。此外,分类研究中还提供了沼大蚊科分亚科检索表以及沼大蚊亚科分属检索表,并对沼大蚊亚科绝大部分属都编制了分亚属、分种检索表。(4)对沼大蚊亚科在世界以及中国的地理分布情况做了分析。从世界沼大蚊亚科各属的分布格局来看,东洋区最丰富,其次为古北区和澳洲区,新北区最少。从中国沼大蚊亚科属种的分布格局来看,华南区最丰富,其次为华中区和西南区,东北区最少。此外,作为与其它大陆分离时间较早的动物地理区系,澳洲区的特有属最多;中国的华南区拥有3个特有属,其余各区则均无特有属。
[Abstract]:Limoniidae belongs to Tipuloidea of Diptera Diptera. It is one of the largest families in Diptera and is widely distributed all over the world. As one of the largest subfamilies, Limoniinae is the largest subfamily, with more than 3800 species of 34 genera known in the world and more than 3800 species of 24 genera known in China. As an indicator of water quality monitoring and an important decomposer of organic matter, the subfamilies of Bioscophelidae are of great significance in maintaining ecological balance. Some species of the subfamily Anophelidae can harm crops and are agricultural pests. In addition, some adult species also have the habit of visiting flowers and are important pollinators. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the research on the subfamilies of Diphelidae. The studies on subfamilies of Bigophelidae in China are not enough. The early studies were mainly carried out by foreign scholars, and the collection sites of the specimens were also limited, and most of them were concentrated in southeastern China. The phylogenetic relationship of mosquitoes was also controversial. In this paper, the systematic taxonomy of the subfamilies of Anophelidae in China was studied, and the morphological characteristics and biology of the insects were introduced. The phylogeny, taxonomy and geographical distribution of the insects were also studied. The results obtained are as follows: 1) the mitochondrial genomes of 7 species of the subfamily Diphelophelidae were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the length of mitochondrial genome was about 1.5 kb, containing 37 coding genes, and there was no obvious gene rearrangement. The results support the monophyletic character of the subfamily Diphelophelidae, which belongs to the subfamily Diphelidae. The phylogenetic relationship among the subfamilies of Anopheles marina is as follows: (phyllodes) (Anda mosquito family) (Anda mosquito family). The monophyllity of the large mosquito family is also well supported. In addition, for the first time, the molecular data were used to support the description of 334 species of 24 genera and 24 genera of the genus Anopheles, 20 genera and 104 species, according to the specimens and literature. Drawing and photographing. 29 new species were found, including Rhipidia12 species, Geranomyia species, Toxorhina5 species, Elephantomyia2 species, Thrypticomyia2 species and Dicranoptycha1 species. Six new records were found in China, including Rhipidia3 species, Toxorhina2 species and Elephantomyia1 species. A total of 35 new species and 35 new recorded species in China have been found, which has increased the number of subfamilies of Bigophelidae from 299 to 334, an increase of 11.71%. In addition, the search tables of subfamily subfamilies and subfamilies of subfamilies were provided in the taxonomic studies, and subgenera were compiled for most genera of subfamilies. The geographical distribution of the subfamily Diphelidae in the world and in China was analyzed. According to the distribution pattern of the subfamilies in the world, the Oriental region is the most abundant, followed by the Palaeard region and Australia region, and the New North region is the least. According to the distribution pattern of subfamilies of Diphelidae in China, South China is the most abundant, followed by the central and southwest regions, and the northeast region is the least. In addition, as an earlier fauna isolated from other continents, Australia has the most endemic genera, while South China has 3 endemic genera, while none of the other regions has endemic genera.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q969

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