空间太阳绝对辐射计的热特性分析及光电不等效性研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 06:26

本文选题：太阳辐照度 + 绝对辐射计　；参考：《中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：太阳作为地球最重要的外部能量来源,它的任何微小变化都会引起地球辐射收支能量的改变,并最终带来地球环境和气候状况的变化,故在世界范围内对太阳辐照度进行长期、连续、精确的监测工作是非常重要且必需的。太阳绝对辐射计为电替代辐射计,经过50多年的发展已成为目前太阳总辐照度测量的主要监测仪器。该仪器是利用光辐射热效应工作的热电型红外探测器,具有锥腔高吸收率、测量高精度的特点。其工作原理为利用光电等效性,用可精确测量的电功率复现入射的辐射光功率,电功率的功率值即为辐射光功率的测量值。本文首先对中国科学院长春光机所研制的太阳绝对辐射计SIAR(Solar Irradiance Absolute Radiometer)的结构、工作原理进行阐述。以在瑞士达沃斯建立的地面太阳总辐照度测量数据为基础,建立了太阳绝对辐射计光辐射测量的地面基准。该基准结合辐射计的不确定度分析以及国际对比实验要求共同决定着太阳绝对辐射计时间常数的选择。SIAR内部结构的热特性分析至关重要。本文从SIAR的实际结构出发,结合SIAR在瑞士达沃斯国际对比期间测得的地面直射辐照度测量数据,运用有限元单元法,对具体结构进行仿真与实验相结合的热特性分析。得到的结果为辐射计的温度响应提供依据,与热传导动态方程结合,为辐射计的进一步优化设计和发展提供参考。本文也对光电不等效性进行了细致研究。发现SIAR的光电不等效性主要由:光束一次反射、不同加热区域和加热位置、以及快门辐射换热等引起的光电不等效组成。分别采用有限元单元法和理论计算的方法对该部分不等效进行测量和修正,修正后的太阳总辐照度更接近于世界辐射中心的基准。最后,结合SIAR热分析的方法,在中国科学院长春光机所研制的新一代低温辐射计ARCPR中进行热特性分析,为ARCPR材料的选取和结构的设计提供理论依据。根据分析,设计了新型的热结构设计,该结构增加了控温热沉且采取直连式的连接方式连接辐射计各组件,热沉的稳定性显著提高。
[Abstract]:As the most important source of external energy for the earth, any small change in the solar energy will cause changes in the energy of the Earth's radiation budget and eventually in the Earth's environment and climate. Therefore, solar irradiance has been carried out worldwide for a long period of time. Continuous and accurate monitoring is very important and necessary. Solar absolute radiometer is an electrically substituted radiometer. After more than 50 years of development, it has become the main monitoring instrument for the measurement of total solar irradiance. The instrument is a thermoelectric infrared detector which uses the thermal effect of optical radiation. It has the characteristics of high absorption rate of conical cavity and high accuracy of measurement. Its working principle is to make use of the optoelectronic equivalence and to reproduce the incident radiation light power with the accurately measured electric power. The power value of the electric power is the measured value of the radiation light power. In this paper, the structure and working principle of solar absolute radiometer SIAR Solar irradiance Absolute Radiometeris developed by Changchun Optical Machine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, are described in this paper. Based on the measured data of total solar irradiance on the ground in Davos, Switzerland, the ground datum of solar absolute radiometer is established. Combined with the uncertainty analysis of radiometer and the requirement of international contrast experiment, it is very important to analyze the thermal characteristics of the internal structure of SIAR, which determines the choice of time constant of solar absolute radiometer. Based on the actual structure of Siar and the measured data of direct irradiance measured by Siar in Davos, Switzerland, the thermal characteristics of the concrete structure are analyzed by using finite element method (FEM). The obtained results provide the basis for the temperature response of the radiometer, combined with the dynamic equation of heat conduction, and provide a reference for the further optimization design and development of the radiometer. In this paper, the optoelectronic inequivalence is also studied in detail. It is found that the optoelectronic inequivalence of Siar is mainly caused by the primary reflection of the beam, the different heating regions and positions, and the radiative heat transfer of the shutter. The method of finite element method and theoretical calculation are used to measure and correct this part respectively. The corrected total solar irradiance is closer to the datum of the world radiation center. Finally, the thermal characteristics of a new generation of cryogenic radiometer ARCPR developed by Changchun Optical Machine of Chinese Academy of Sciences are analyzed with the method of SIAR thermal analysis, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of materials and the design of structure of ARCPR. According to the analysis, a new type of thermal structure is designed, which increases the temperature control heat sink and connects the radiometer components with the direct connection mode. The stability of the heat sink is improved significantly.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P414.5

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