卧龙自然保护区大熊猫空间利用与生境选择动态变化研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 11:17

本文选题：大熊猫 + GIS　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)是我国特有的珍稀野生动物,是全球自然保护的旗舰物种。然而,现今大熊猫的野生种群仅分布于六大山系的多个隔离生境单元中,生境的丧失与破碎化直接威胁到大熊猫的生存。进行大熊猫空间利用与生境选择及动态变化研究对于更深入地了解其生存现状及与人类和自然系统的关系有着重要意义,可以为野生大熊猫种群与栖息地的保护和恢复提供参考。本文在四川省卧龙自然保护区,基于两次全国大熊猫调查、野外大熊猫GPS项圈的位点数据和保护区的DEM图层、植被类型图、竹林分布图,同时结合野外生境样方调查数据,研究了保护区野生大熊猫种群空间利用与生境适宜性的分布特征、动态变化及其驱动因素;比较分析了不同水平上的生境特征差异,并探讨了原始林与次生林生境的大熊猫生境选择特征;以期为野生大熊猫种群的保护管理提供科学依据。研究取得的主要结论如下:(1)卧龙自然保护区野生大熊猫种群空间利用分布面积为51 368.22 hm2,主要分布在保护区内植被覆盖度较高、竹类资源丰富、人类干扰程度较低的适宜生境区域,位于海拔2 000 m～3 000 m、坡度20°～50°的针叶林与针阔混交林中,主要利用的采食竹为拐棍竹(Fargesiarobusta)与冷箭竹(Bashania fangiana)。(2)与2001年相比,2012年保护区大熊猫的整体空间利用面积变化不大,但在空间上有近40%的区域发生了不同趋向的转移或扩散;在空间利用格局的动态变化上,保护区内高适宜等级区域面积有所增大,而边缘生境区域更容易受到自然灾害和人为因素的干扰,呈现出了斑块数量增加,破碎化加重的特点。(3)与2001年相比,2012年保护区大熊猫栖息地的生境适宜性略有提高,但不同区域栖息地的生境适宜性变化幅度较大,引起大熊猫空间利用与生境适宜性变化的主要影响因素有竹林的恢复、地震的破坏以及生态旅游的开发等;需要在今后的保护工作中引起足够的重视。(4)保护区内核桃坪区域大熊猫核心与边缘家域的生境特征差异主要表现在距小路距离、乔木高度、成竹密度和死竹密度4个生境因子上。与边缘家域相比,核心家域具有距小路距离较近、乔木高度偏低、成竹和死竹密度较大等特点。(5)保护区次生林大熊猫生境的恢复状况良好,尤其是竹林资源的生长发育状况较好;部分次生林生境具备了大熊猫生境选择的基本条件,完全可以满足大熊猫的生存需求。但与原始林生境相比,次生林生境在植被类型依然表现为阔叶林比重较大、乔木高度和灌木胸径仍明显小于原始林生境的特征。(6)在不同森林起源水平上,大熊猫对坡度、坡向等15个生境因子的23个类型的选择存在差异;与原始林生境相比,大熊猫在次生林生境中不同程度的扩大或转移了对生境因子类型的选择特征,具备对不同生境类型的适应能力;但整体上表现为更偏好选择原始林生境。
[Abstract]:Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a unique and rare wild animal in China. However, the wild populations of giant pandas are only distributed in many isolated habitat units of six mountain systems, and habitat loss and fragmentation directly threaten the survival of giant pandas. The study of space utilization, habitat selection and dynamic changes of giant pandas is of great significance for a deeper understanding of their survival status and their relationship with human beings and natural systems. It can provide reference for the conservation and restoration of wild panda population and habitat. In this paper, based on two national panda surveys, GPS collar site data and Dem map, vegetation type map, bamboo forest distribution map of Wolong Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, combined with field habitat sample survey data, The distribution, dynamic changes and driving factors of spatial utilization and habitat suitability of wild panda populations in the reserve were studied, and the differences of habitat characteristics at different levels were compared and analyzed. In order to provide scientific basis for the conservation and management of wild giant panda population, the characteristics of panda habitat selection in primary forest and secondary forest were discussed. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the spatial utilization area of wild panda population in Wolong Nature Reserve is 51 368.22 hm2.It is mainly distributed in the reserve with high vegetation coverage and abundant bamboo resources. The suitable habitat area with low human disturbance is located in the coniferous forest and coniferous broad-leaved forest with a slope of 20 掳or 50 掳above sea level. Compared with 2001, the total spatial utilization area of giant panda in the reserve was not changed much, but there were nearly 40% of the areas in the protected area shifted or diffused in different directions. The main feeding bamboo was Fargesiarobustaa) and Bashania fangianaanana. 2) in 2012, the total spatial utilization area of the giant panda in the reserve changed little, but nearly 40% of the areas in the reserve had different tendency to transfer or spread. In the dynamic change of spatial utilization pattern, the area of high suitability level area in the protected area has increased, while the marginal habitat area is more vulnerable to natural disasters and human factors, showing an increase in the number of patches. Compared with 2001, the habitat suitability of giant panda habitat in the reserve increased slightly, but the habitat suitability of different regions changed greatly. The main influencing factors for the change of space utilization and habitat suitability of giant panda are the restoration of bamboo forest, the damage of earthquake and the development of ecotourism. Sufficient attention should be paid to the conservation work in the future. (4) the difference of habitat characteristics between the core and marginal areas of giant panda in the walnut plateau is mainly reflected in the distance from the path to the path and the height of the tree. The density of adult bamboo and the density of dead bamboo were 4 habitat factors. Compared with the marginal family area, the core family area is close to the path, the height of Arbor trees is low, and the density of bamboo and dead bamboo is high. In particular, the growth and development of bamboo forest resources is good, and some secondary forest habitats have the basic conditions of giant panda habitat selection, which can fully meet the survival needs of giant pandas. However, compared with primitive forest habitats, secondary forest habitats still have a larger proportion of broad-leaved forests in vegetation types, and tree height and shrub DBH are still significantly smaller than the characteristics of primitive forest habitats. There were differences in the selection of 23 types of the 15 habitat factors such as slope orientation, and compared with the primary forest habitat, the giant panda expanded or transferred the selection characteristics of the habitat factors in different degrees in the secondary forest habitat, and compared with the primary forest habitat, the giant panda expanded or transferred the selection characteristics of the habitat factors in different degrees. It has the ability to adapt to different habitat types, but as a whole, it prefers to choose primitive forest habitat.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q958.1

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