干酪菌属和拟蜡孔菌属真菌的分类与系统发育研究
发布时间：2018-10-08 20:00
【摘要】：干酪菌属(Tyromyces P.Karst.)是世界广布的多孔菌类群之一；在过去五十年里,大量种类被转移至该属,导致该属的概念逐渐被扩大,形成了一个异源集合体；拟蜡孔菌属(Ceriporiopsis Domanski)与干酪菌属形态相似,但分子系统学研究结果显示：二者亲缘关系较远；在对该类群真菌的形态学和分子系统学研究过程中,发现诸多分类学和系统发育研究的疑难问题；因此,开展对干酪菌属和拟蜡孔菌属真菌的系统学研究,不仅可以提高对这些真菌类群多样性的认识,而且为整个木材腐朽菌的分类和系统研究提供了基础数据。本研究材料来自本人过去7年在我国不同森林生态系统中采集的标本,以及保存于北京林业大学微生物研究所标本馆(BJFC)、中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所生物标本馆(IFP)、哈佛大学植物真菌标本馆(FH)、英国爱丁堡皇家植物园标本馆(E)、芬兰赫尔辛基大学植物博物馆(H)、捷克国家博物馆(PRM)和新西兰奥克兰土地保护研究所标本馆(PDD)等保藏的有关干酪菌属和拟蜡孔菌属标本共562号,其中包括中国标本351号,国外标本211号,模式标本共37号。本研究对这些标本进行了全面和系统的分类学研究；为了探讨干酪菌属和拟蜡孔菌属真菌系统发育关系,本研究采用ITS、nLSU、mtSSU、TEF1和RPB2等分子标记,运用PAUP* 4.0b10、MrBayes 3.1.2和RAxML v7.2.6 (Cipres Science Gateway)等软件,构建了干酪菌属和拟蜡孔菌属真菌系统发育树。本研究的主要结果如下：发现新科一个,脆粉菌科Fragiliporiaceae;新属一个,脆粉菌属Fragiliporia;新种5个,橙白拟蜡孔菌Ceriporiopsis alboaurantia,毛缘拟蜡孔菌C.fimbriata,玫瑰拟蜡孔菌C. rosea,反卷拟蜡孔菌C. semisupina和脆粉菌Fragiliporia fragilis;新组合种5个,下沿小薄孔菌Antrodiella descendena,魏氏管孔菌Bjerkandera vivii,瘤状灰孔菌Cinereomyces nodulosus,灰褐波斯特孔菌Postia cinereobrunnea,悬垂波斯特孔菌P. pendena和硬粗毛栓孔菌Trametes neostrigosus。对干酪菌属26个种和拟蜡孔菌属31个种进行了详细的形态描述和显微结构绘图,论述了每个种的寄主、腐朽类型和分布,讨论了每个种与其相似种的区别；研究结果极大地丰富了干酪菌属和拟蜡孔菌属真菌的物种多样性；系统发育研究表明：(1)干酪菌属Tyromyces形态相似属为拟蜡孔菌属Ceriporiopsis,系统发育和亲缘关系相近属为干皮孔菌属Skeletocutis和毛孔菌属Piloporia;(2)狭义干酪菌属Tyromyces senso stricto隶属于thetyromyces clade,该clade包括薄皮干酪菌T. chioneus,萨雅毛孔菌Piloporia sajanensis和变型干皮孔菌Skeletocutis amorpha;(3)拟蜡孔菌属Ceriporiopsis非单源属；(4)狭义拟蜡孔菌属Ceriporiopsis senso stricto隶属于phlebia clade,该clade主要包括浅黄拟蜡孔菌C. gilvescens,棕黑针齿菌Mycoacia fuscoatra,假山毛榉针齿菌M. nothofagi,舌状射脉革菌Phlebia livida,近连续射脉革菌P. subserialis,辐射射脉革菌P. radiata等种类；这些种类尽管子实层形态(光滑、齿状、孔状、疣状和网状)不同,但在系统发育上同属于一个clade (Ceriporiopsis及相关属)；(5)基于命名法规：Phlebia(创建于1821)早于Ceriporiopsis(创建于1963),应将Ceriporiopsis核心种组合到Phlebia;但基于部分种类的模式标本无法得到DNA序列,目前这些种类暂时保留在Ceriporiopsis属内；(6)在Polyporales内创建一个新的clade:the fragiliporia cladeo通过构建属间、属内种间的单基因片段(分别为ITS和LSU)和部分多基因片段(ITS+nLSU, ITS+nLSU+mtSSU+TEF 1+RPB2)系统发育树综合比较,ITS+nLSU更适合Tyromyces与Ceriporiopsis属间系统发育分析研究。
[Abstract]:Tyromyces P. Karst.) It is one of the most porous fungus groups in the world; in the last 50 years, a large number of species have been transferred to the genus, resulting in the concept of the genus being gradually expanded to form an heterogenous mass; Ceripsitopsis Domanski is similar to that of the cheese genus, but the molecular systematics results show that: The relationship between them is far away; in the process of morphological and molecular systematics of the fungi of the group, a number of difficult problems in taxonomy and phylogenetic studies are found; therefore, systematic research on the genus Lactobacillus and quasi-wax-based fungi is carried out. not only can raise the understanding of the diversity of these fungal species, but also provides basic data for the classification and systematic research of the whole wood rot fungi. The research materials come from specimens collected in different forest ecosystems in China over the past seven years, as well as the sample hall (IFFC) of the Microbiology Institute of Beijing Forestry University, Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecological Research (IFP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Museum of Plant Fungal (FH), Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh (E), Museum of Plant (H), University of Helsinki, Finland. The Czech National Museum (PRM) and the specimen hall (PDD) of the Auckland Land Protection Research Institute (PDD) of New Zealand collected 562 samples including 351 Chinese specimens, 211 foreign specimens and 37 model specimens. In order to find out the phylogenetic relationships between the genus cheese and the fungi of quasi-wax, this study uses molecular markers such as ITS, nLSU, mtSSU, TEF1 and RPB2, and uses software such as PAUP * 4.0b10, MrBayes 3. 1,2 and RAxML v7.2. 6 (Cires Science Gateway), etc. In this paper, the phylogeny tree of the genus cheese and the mycetales is constructed. The main results of this study were as follows: A new species of Fragraniaceae family, Fragraniaceae, a new genus of Frailiporia, five new species, Ceripalopsis alboaurantia, C. fimbriata, C. roea, C. ferisrupina and Fragaria fragilis, and 5 new combinations, were found in the new family. The results showed that Trametes nestoogus, P. penda, and Scleroderma guostosus, were located along the small thin-hole bacteria, such as rodiella dscendena, Bjerkandera tuii, the tumor-shaped gray-hole bacteria, Cinerezynodulossus, Posternoborunnea, P. penda, and Sclerotinia sclerotisus. In this paper, a detailed morphological description and microstructure mapping of 26 species of cheese and 31 species of pseudo-wax were studied. The host, decay type and distribution of each species were discussed, and the difference between each species and its similar species was discussed. The results showed that: (1) the genus Tyromyces belonged to Ceripelopsis, and the phylogeny and phylogenetic relationships were similar to that of the genus Skeletocultis and the pore fungus belonging to the genus Cyperaceae. (2) The genus Tyromyces sensitive stricto belonging to the genus Thieyromyces clade, which includes T. chioneus, Sporothrix sajanensis and modified dry skin-pore fungus Skelettotis amoralis; (3) the genus Ceripsiopsis of the genus Ceripoopsis; (4) the genus Ceripsiopsis sensitive stricto belonging to the phlebia clade, The clade mainly includes the following types: C. gilvescens, Mycoacia fuscoatra, M. nothofagi, Phlebia livida, P. subseralis, P. radiata et al. (5) Based on nomenclature: Phlebia (founded in 1821) early in Ceripalopsis (founded in 1963), Cerippoopsis core species should be combined into Phlebia; however, DNA sequences cannot be obtained based on partial types of model specimens, At present, these species are temporarily retained within the Ceripelopsis genus; (6) a new clade is created in Polyorales by constructing a new clade: the fragiliporia cladeo by constructing a single gene fragment (ITS and LSU) and a partial polygene fragment (ITS + nLSU, ITS + nLSU + mtSSU + TEF 1 + RPB2), which belong to the interspecies, ITS + nLSU is more suitable for phylogenetic analysis of Tyromyces and Ceripalopsis.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q949.32
，
本文编号：2258083
[Abstract]:Tyromyces P. Karst.) It is one of the most porous fungus groups in the world; in the last 50 years, a large number of species have been transferred to the genus, resulting in the concept of the genus being gradually expanded to form an heterogenous mass; Ceripsitopsis Domanski is similar to that of the cheese genus, but the molecular systematics results show that: The relationship between them is far away; in the process of morphological and molecular systematics of the fungi of the group, a number of difficult problems in taxonomy and phylogenetic studies are found; therefore, systematic research on the genus Lactobacillus and quasi-wax-based fungi is carried out. not only can raise the understanding of the diversity of these fungal species, but also provides basic data for the classification and systematic research of the whole wood rot fungi. The research materials come from specimens collected in different forest ecosystems in China over the past seven years, as well as the sample hall (IFFC) of the Microbiology Institute of Beijing Forestry University, Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecological Research (IFP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Museum of Plant Fungal (FH), Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh (E), Museum of Plant (H), University of Helsinki, Finland. The Czech National Museum (PRM) and the specimen hall (PDD) of the Auckland Land Protection Research Institute (PDD) of New Zealand collected 562 samples including 351 Chinese specimens, 211 foreign specimens and 37 model specimens. In order to find out the phylogenetic relationships between the genus cheese and the fungi of quasi-wax, this study uses molecular markers such as ITS, nLSU, mtSSU, TEF1 and RPB2, and uses software such as PAUP * 4.0b10, MrBayes 3. 1,2 and RAxML v7.2. 6 (Cires Science Gateway), etc. In this paper, the phylogeny tree of the genus cheese and the mycetales is constructed. The main results of this study were as follows: A new species of Fragraniaceae family, Fragraniaceae, a new genus of Frailiporia, five new species, Ceripalopsis alboaurantia, C. fimbriata, C. roea, C. ferisrupina and Fragaria fragilis, and 5 new combinations, were found in the new family. The results showed that Trametes nestoogus, P. penda, and Scleroderma guostosus, were located along the small thin-hole bacteria, such as rodiella dscendena, Bjerkandera tuii, the tumor-shaped gray-hole bacteria, Cinerezynodulossus, Posternoborunnea, P. penda, and Sclerotinia sclerotisus. In this paper, a detailed morphological description and microstructure mapping of 26 species of cheese and 31 species of pseudo-wax were studied. The host, decay type and distribution of each species were discussed, and the difference between each species and its similar species was discussed. The results showed that: (1) the genus Tyromyces belonged to Ceripelopsis, and the phylogeny and phylogenetic relationships were similar to that of the genus Skeletocultis and the pore fungus belonging to the genus Cyperaceae. (2) The genus Tyromyces sensitive stricto belonging to the genus Thieyromyces clade, which includes T. chioneus, Sporothrix sajanensis and modified dry skin-pore fungus Skelettotis amoralis; (3) the genus Ceripsiopsis of the genus Ceripoopsis; (4) the genus Ceripsiopsis sensitive stricto belonging to the phlebia clade, The clade mainly includes the following types: C. gilvescens, Mycoacia fuscoatra, M. nothofagi, Phlebia livida, P. subseralis, P. radiata et al. (5) Based on nomenclature: Phlebia (founded in 1821) early in Ceripalopsis (founded in 1963), Cerippoopsis core species should be combined into Phlebia; however, DNA sequences cannot be obtained based on partial types of model specimens, At present, these species are temporarily retained within the Ceripelopsis genus; (6) a new clade is created in Polyorales by constructing a new clade: the fragiliporia cladeo by constructing a single gene fragment (ITS and LSU) and a partial polygene fragment (ITS + nLSU, ITS + nLSU + mtSSU + TEF 1 + RPB2), which belong to the interspecies, ITS + nLSU is more suitable for phylogenetic analysis of Tyromyces and Ceripalopsis.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：Q949.32
，
本文编号：2258083
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