高分辨率离面位移检测中的若干问题研究
发布时间：2018-11-24 11:34
【摘要】：随着我国的综合国力不断增强,各类结构在航空航天、造船、汽车等制造领域里的应用日益增多,总体而言这些结构都朝着大型且精细化的方向发展,这些需求也迫使测量技术朝向高分辨率、大面积和大量程的方向发展。光测方法虽以其非接触、高灵敏度的特性成为各类结构离面信息检测的重要手段,但目前仍然没有一类成熟的测试方法能够较好的解决在测量中高分辨率与大面积,以及高分辨率与大量程之间的矛盾问题。本文以光测方法为基础,同时结合离面位移为测量背景,分别提出了解决高分辨率与大面积,高分辨率与大量程矛盾问题的测量方案,并分别搭建了相应离面位移测量系统,最后通过实验验证了各测量系统的特性。离面位移的测量方法种类较多,本文将目前常用的离面位移测量方法按接触式和非接触式进行归类划分,并逐一总结了各方法的工作原理、测量分辨率以及测量量程,然后分析讨论了各方法在解决高分辨率与大面积,以及高分辨率与大量程这两对矛盾中的局限性和所面临的主要难题。投影栅线法是结构光测中最为常用的方法,但数字器件给该测量方法带来了明显的周期性纹波噪声,本文针对这样的噪声做了详细分析,并分别基于条纹特征分析和基于多次定步长相移提出了两种纹波噪声消除算法,之后通过实验证实了两个算法的有效性,同时对比总结算法各自的特点和适应场景,为投影栅线法的高精度应用提供了可靠支撑。结合投影栅线和几何云纹的特点,本文提出利用投影云纹的方法来解决高测量分辨率和大面积的矛盾问题,用纯光学系统建立投影栅线测量系统,实现在被测大面积物体表面的高密度栅线投影并对其进行精确成像,再将高密度栅线影像与参考光栅几何干涉形成平面云纹,从而克服了在目前硬件条件下大面积与高空间分辨率的困难,同时搭建了相应的测量系统,通过时间相移并结合移动最小二乘拟合方法进行了现场测量,为在高分辨率和大面积的测量应用中提供了有效方案。利用光学波长干涉量级的超高分辨率和压电陶瓷技术,本文提出了基于光学位移跟踪的离面位移检测方法来解决高测量分辨率和大量程的矛盾问题,而为了兼顾测量系统的实时工作特性,本文基于图像处理技术提出了高效位移追踪算法,同时分别针对漫反射表面和镜面干涉测量搭建了相应的测量系统,并各自进行了测量实验,为在高分辨率和大量程的测量应用中提供了有效方案。
[Abstract]:With the increasing comprehensive national strength of our country, the application of all kinds of structures in aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile and other manufacturing fields is increasing day by day. In general, these structures are developing in the direction of large and refined. These requirements also force measurement technology to develop in the direction of high resolution, large area and large range. Although photogrammetry has become an important method for detecting off-plane information of all kinds of structures due to its non-contact and high-sensitivity characteristics, there is still no mature method to solve the problem of high resolution and large area in measurement. And the contradiction between high resolution and large range. Based on the optical measurement method and the off-plane displacement as the measurement background, this paper proposes a measurement scheme to solve the problems of high resolution and large area, high resolution and a large range, and sets up the corresponding off-plane displacement measurement system. Finally, the characteristics of each measuring system are verified by experiments. There are many kinds of off-plane displacement measurement methods. In this paper, the common off-plane displacement measurement methods are classified according to contact and non-contact methods, and the working principle, measuring resolution and measuring range of each method are summarized one by one. Then the limitations and main problems of each method in solving the contradiction between high resolution and large area and between high resolution and large range are analyzed and discussed. Projection grating method is the most commonly used method in structured light measurement, but digital devices bring obvious periodic ripple noise to the measurement method. This paper makes a detailed analysis of such noise. Two kinds of ripple noise cancellation algorithms are proposed based on fringe feature analysis and multiple fixed step size phase shift respectively. Then the effectiveness of the two algorithms is verified by experiments. At the same time, the characteristics and adaptive scenarios of the algorithms are compared and summarized. It provides reliable support for the high precision application of projection grid method. Combined with the characteristics of projection grating and geometric moire, this paper presents a method of projecting moire to solve the contradiction between high measurement resolution and large area, and sets up a projective grid line measurement system with pure optical system. The high density grating line is projected on the measured surface of a large object and accurately imaged. Then the high density grating image is interacted with the reference grating to form a plane moire. In order to overcome the difficulty of large area and high spatial resolution under the current hardware condition, the corresponding measurement system is built, and the field measurement is carried out by time phase shift and moving least square fitting method. It provides an effective scheme for high resolution and large area measurement applications. Based on the ultra-high resolution and piezoelectric ceramic technology of optical wavelength interferometry, an off-plane displacement detection method based on optical displacement tracking is proposed to solve the contradiction between high measurement resolution and a large range. In order to take into account the real-time working characteristics of the measurement system, an efficient displacement tracking algorithm is proposed based on image processing technology, and the corresponding measurement system is built for diffuse reflection surface and mirror interferometry, respectively. The experiments are carried out respectively, which provides an effective scheme for the application of high resolution and large range measurement.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O348.1
本文编号：2353548
[Abstract]:With the increasing comprehensive national strength of our country, the application of all kinds of structures in aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile and other manufacturing fields is increasing day by day. In general, these structures are developing in the direction of large and refined. These requirements also force measurement technology to develop in the direction of high resolution, large area and large range. Although photogrammetry has become an important method for detecting off-plane information of all kinds of structures due to its non-contact and high-sensitivity characteristics, there is still no mature method to solve the problem of high resolution and large area in measurement. And the contradiction between high resolution and large range. Based on the optical measurement method and the off-plane displacement as the measurement background, this paper proposes a measurement scheme to solve the problems of high resolution and large area, high resolution and a large range, and sets up the corresponding off-plane displacement measurement system. Finally, the characteristics of each measuring system are verified by experiments. There are many kinds of off-plane displacement measurement methods. In this paper, the common off-plane displacement measurement methods are classified according to contact and non-contact methods, and the working principle, measuring resolution and measuring range of each method are summarized one by one. Then the limitations and main problems of each method in solving the contradiction between high resolution and large area and between high resolution and large range are analyzed and discussed. Projection grating method is the most commonly used method in structured light measurement, but digital devices bring obvious periodic ripple noise to the measurement method. This paper makes a detailed analysis of such noise. Two kinds of ripple noise cancellation algorithms are proposed based on fringe feature analysis and multiple fixed step size phase shift respectively. Then the effectiveness of the two algorithms is verified by experiments. At the same time, the characteristics and adaptive scenarios of the algorithms are compared and summarized. It provides reliable support for the high precision application of projection grid method. Combined with the characteristics of projection grating and geometric moire, this paper presents a method of projecting moire to solve the contradiction between high measurement resolution and large area, and sets up a projective grid line measurement system with pure optical system. The high density grating line is projected on the measured surface of a large object and accurately imaged. Then the high density grating image is interacted with the reference grating to form a plane moire. In order to overcome the difficulty of large area and high spatial resolution under the current hardware condition, the corresponding measurement system is built, and the field measurement is carried out by time phase shift and moving least square fitting method. It provides an effective scheme for high resolution and large area measurement applications. Based on the ultra-high resolution and piezoelectric ceramic technology of optical wavelength interferometry, an off-plane displacement detection method based on optical displacement tracking is proposed to solve the contradiction between high measurement resolution and a large range. In order to take into account the real-time working characteristics of the measurement system, an efficient displacement tracking algorithm is proposed based on image processing technology, and the corresponding measurement system is built for diffuse reflection surface and mirror interferometry, respectively. The experiments are carried out respectively, which provides an effective scheme for the application of high resolution and large range measurement.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O348.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 王孚康;王浩鑫;陈家宝;;基于MATLAB的相机视野移动方向判断[J];科技创新与应用;2016年20期
2 程志海;郑志月;裘晓辉;;原子力显微术研究进展[J];物理;2016年03期
3 荣伟彬;吴振广;孙立宁;;一维大行程高分辨率纳米定位平台的设计与性能测试(英文)[J];纳米技术与精密工程;2012年05期
4 于起峰;尚洋;伏思华;杨夏;;大型结构变形及形貌摄像测量技术研究进展[J];实验力学;2011年05期
5 王德堂;冯军;;大型飞机复合材料主结构的设计与发展[J];航空制造技术;2011年13期
6 程玉民;;移动最小二乘法研究进展与述评[J];计算机辅助工程;2009年02期
7 郭伟;赵平;周卫;卫杰;李喜德;刘亮;;动态投影栅测量系统记录人体腰背部形态指标的可重复性[J];中国组织工程研究与临床康复;2008年48期
8 刘鹏;康秋红;;三坐标测量机误差补偿技术综述[J];重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版);2008年03期
9 崔德刚;;浅谈民用大飞机结构技术的发展[J];航空学报;2008年03期
10 盖学周;;压电材料的研究发展方向和现状[J];中国陶瓷;2008年05期
，本文编号：2353548
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/jckxbs/2353548.html
