LHAASO-KM2A实验光电倍增管批量测试系统搭建和STAR-iTPC升级实验多丝正比室原型样机的研制与性能测试
发布时间：2019-06-24 17:51
【摘要】：我的工作包括两部分:(1)LHAASO-KM2A实验光电倍增管批量测试系统搭建;(2)STAR-iTPC多丝正比室原型样机的研制与性能测试。1.LHAASO-KM2A实验光电倍增管批量测试系统搭建大型高海拔宇宙线观测站(LHAASO)将要在四川稻城建设,LHAASO的主探测器阵列是1平方公里阵列(KM2A),KM2A的主要物理目标是北天区30 TeV以上的gamma天文与高能区宇宙线能谱和成分的测量。KM2A阵列是由5261个电磁粒子探测器(ED)与1146个muon探测器(MD)组成的复合阵列。ED探测器是闪烁体探测器,它是由4块100cm×25cm的闪烁体单元拼接而成,每块闪烁体由32根波长位移光纤将闪烁体闪烁光传导至光电倍增管(PMT)的端窗面,PMT为端1.5英寸直径端窗型号,PMT的性能会直接影响到ED探测器的探测能力,因此PMT的性能与质量必须要经过严格的测试。为了完成PMT的质量控制,开发并搭建了一套PMT批量测试系统,来完成批量测试的工作。我的主要工作内容包括三个部分:PMT批量测试平台的设计、软件系统的开发以及测试方法的研究与确立。测试暗箱内置3维步进电机,能够容纳16支PMT。三维步进电机以及由16路光纤传导的光路系统使测试平台能够实现批量测试与扫描的功能。测试平台的电子学是基于VEM总线以及NIM标准的电荷测量插件、时间测量插件、计数器、低阈甄别器、恒比定时器、门产生器,电子学主要用来刻度PMT阳极输出信号的电荷信息试与时间信息。软件系统包括控制系统、数据获取系统系统以及离线数据分析。控制系统根据测试流程实时远程监控设备运行,是实现自动化测试平台搭建的重要步骤;数据获取系统是基于VME总线来设计,主要用来对测试平台所用到的电子学进行数据传输,离线数据分析用来对测试结果进行分析与呈现。测试工作针对几种参与ED选型的PMT:日本滨松R11102,英国ET 9903KB,PhotonisXP2012。测试主要目的有两个:通过测试摸索与确定批量测试方法,同时能够对参与测试的PMT性能进行性能研究。测试内容主要包括:使用单光电子谱对绝对增益的刻度,高压响应,光阴极均匀性扫描,线性动态范围,渡越时间分辨以及光阴极渡越时间差等。PMT批量测试系统能够以较高的实验精度对PMT进行测试,并且测试系统能够长时间稳定、高效的工作。2.STAR-iTPC升级实验的多丝正比室原型样机的研制与性能测试为了解决量子色动力学中的相结构的复杂物理难题,STAR合作组提出了第二期束流能量扫描计划,需要对STAR时间投影式(TPC)端盖内扇区(iTPC)的进行升级,升级后TPC探测器的探测性能在几方面得到提升:增大dE/dx的分辨率;提高动量分辨率;提高径迹探测的赝快度接收范围(|η|≤1→|η|≤1.5)。STAR-iTPC升级将会用新设计的探测器替换掉STAR TPC的所有24个内扇区,多丝正比室的研制与批量制作将由STAR中国合作组-山东大学来完成。本部分论文工作的主要内容包括:多丝正比室绕丝平台的控制软件开发,丝张力测试系统的设计与开发,iTPC多丝室原型样机的设计与制作,基于宇宙线μ的iTPC多丝室原型样机测试实验平台搭建以及性能测试。iTPC多丝室属于多丝正比室(MWPC),基于MWPC制作以及量产的需要,我开发了一套自动绕丝软件系统,利用这套系统,可以在恒定丝张力下进行自动化丝框绕丝。根据iTPC制作要求,多丝室的每层丝的张力需要控制在很小的变化范围之内,因此需要搭建一套丝张力测试系统,对多丝室的每层丝进行精确丝张力刻度,基于这个需求,我设计并开发了一套丝张力测试系统,它可以对整个多丝正比室的丝面进行自动扫描,能够以较高的精度获取每根丝的张力。绕丝系统与丝张力测试系统为iTPC多丝正比室的制作与质量控制起到了很关键的作用。iTPC原型样机主要的构造有:三层丝(阳极丝、阴极丝、门极丝),信号读出板(padplane),以及机械支撑单元(strongback)。原型样机的制作是在超净室完成,制作过程包括绕丝、落丝、固定、焊接,质量检测等步骤。其中高精度丝间距的控制是借助丝梳来实现,丝梳的使用对制作工艺极其重要。第一个探测器原型样机制作完毕后,为了对iTPC原型样机的性能进行性能研究,我们搭建了一套基于宇宙线μ的测试平台,测试平台搭建主要包括漂移室、漂移场的构建,供气体系统,电子学系统与触发。利用这套测试平台,对探测器原型样机的pad输出信号进行了读取,研究了宇宙线事例击中的均匀性进行了研究,并且重建了宇宙线μ的入射径迹。测试结果显示iTPC原型样机能够符合预期设计指标。
[Abstract]:My work includes two parts: (1) the construction of the batch test system of the LHAASO-KM2A experimental photomultiplier; (2) the development and performance test of the prototype prototype of the STAR-iTPC multi-wire proportional chamber. The main detector array of the LHAASO is an array of 1 square kilometers (KM2A), and the main physical object of the KM2A is the measurement of the gamma astronomy and the cosmic ray energy spectrum and composition of the high-energy region above 30 TeV in the north. The KM2A array is a composite array of 5261 electromagnetic particle detectors (ED) and 1146 muon detectors (MD). The ED detector is a scintillator detector, which is formed by splicing a 4-block 100cm-25cm scintillator unit, each of the scintillators is made of a 32-wavelength displacement optical fiber to conduct the scintillator flash light to the end window surface of the photomultiplier tube (PMT), and the PMT is a 1.5-inch diameter end-window type, The performance of the PMT can directly affect the detection capability of the ED detector, so the performance and quality of the PMT must be strictly tested. In order to complete the quality control of PMT, a set of PMT batch test system was developed and set up to complete the batch test. My main work includes three parts: the design of the PMT batch test platform, the development of the software system and the research and establishment of the test method. Test the built-in 3-dimensional stepper motor in the dark box to accommodate 16 PMTs. The three-dimensional stepping motor and the optical path system conducted by the 16-way optical fiber enable the test platform to realize the function of batch testing and scanning. The electronics of the test platform are based on the VEM bus and the NIM standard charge measurement plug-in, the time measurement plug-in, the counter, the low threshold discriminator, the constant-ratio timer, the gate generator and the electronics to scale the charge information test and time information of the PMT anode output signal. The software system includes control system, data acquisition system system and off-line data analysis. according to the real-time remote monitoring equipment operation of the test flow, the control system is an important step for realizing the construction of the automatic test platform; the data acquisition system is designed based on the VME bus, and is mainly used for data transmission to the electronic used by the test platform, The off-line data analysis is used to analyze and present the test results. The test is for several PMTs involved in ED selection: Japanese Binson R11102, UK ET 9903KB, and PhoonisXP2012. The main purpose of the test is to test and determine the batch test method by the test, and can also perform the performance research on the performance of the PMT participating in the test. The test content mainly includes the following steps: using a single photoelectron spectrum to scale the absolute gain, the high-voltage response, the photocathode uniform scanning, the linear dynamic range, the transit time resolution and the time difference of time and time, and the like. The PMT batch test system can test the PMT with higher experimental precision, and the test system can work stably and efficiently for a long time. The STAR cooperation group has proposed the second beam energy scanning program, which needs to upgrade the internal sector (iTPC) of the STAR time projection type (TPC) end cover. The detection performance of the TPC detector is improved in several aspects: increase the resolution of dE/ dx, and improve the momentum resolution; The range of the pseudo-fast receiving of track detection is increased (| 1 | 1 1, | 1 | + 1.5). The STAR-iTPC upgrade will replace all of the 24 internal sectors of the STAR TPC with the newly designed detector. The development and batch production of the multi-wire proportional chamber will be completed by the STAR China Cooperation Group-Shandong University. The main contents of this part of the thesis include: the development of the control software of the multi-wire proportional chamber winding platform, the design and development of the wire tension test system, the design and manufacture of the prototype of the iTPC multi-wire chamber, The design and performance test of the prototype of the prototype of the iTPC multi-wire chamber based on the cosmic ray. The iTPC multi-wire chamber belongs to the multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC), and based on the production of the MWPC and the need for mass production, I developed a set of automatic wire winding software system, and the system can be used for automatic wire frame winding under constant wire tension. according to the production requirement of the iTPC, the tension of each layer of the wire of the multi-wire chamber needs to be controlled to be within a small variation range, I design and develop a set of wire tension test system, which can automatically scan the silk surface of the whole multi-wire proportional chamber, and can obtain the tension of each filament with high precision. The wire winding system and the wire tension test system play a key role in the production and quality control of the iTPC multi-wire proportional chamber. The main structure of the iTPC prototype is: three-layer wire (anode wire, cathode wire, gate wire), signal readout plate, and a mechanical support unit. The prototype of the prototype is made in the ultra-clean room, and the manufacturing process includes the steps of wire winding, wire falling, fixing, welding, quality detection and the like. In which the control of the high-precision yarn spacing is realized with the aid of a wire comb, and the use of the silk comb is extremely important to the manufacturing process. After the prototype of the first detector is finished, in order to study the performance of the prototype of the iTPC, we set up a set of test platform based on the cosmic ray. The construction of the test platform mainly includes the drift chamber, the drift field, the gas supply system, the electronics system and the trigger. Using this test platform, the pad output signal of the prototype of the detector is read, the uniformity of the hit of the case of the cosmic ray is studied, and the incident track of the cosmic ray is reconstructed. The test results show that the iTPC prototype can meet the expected design metrics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O572.1
本文编号：2505250
[Abstract]:My work includes two parts: (1) the construction of the batch test system of the LHAASO-KM2A experimental photomultiplier; (2) the development and performance test of the prototype prototype of the STAR-iTPC multi-wire proportional chamber. The main detector array of the LHAASO is an array of 1 square kilometers (KM2A), and the main physical object of the KM2A is the measurement of the gamma astronomy and the cosmic ray energy spectrum and composition of the high-energy region above 30 TeV in the north. The KM2A array is a composite array of 5261 electromagnetic particle detectors (ED) and 1146 muon detectors (MD). The ED detector is a scintillator detector, which is formed by splicing a 4-block 100cm-25cm scintillator unit, each of the scintillators is made of a 32-wavelength displacement optical fiber to conduct the scintillator flash light to the end window surface of the photomultiplier tube (PMT), and the PMT is a 1.5-inch diameter end-window type, The performance of the PMT can directly affect the detection capability of the ED detector, so the performance and quality of the PMT must be strictly tested. In order to complete the quality control of PMT, a set of PMT batch test system was developed and set up to complete the batch test. My main work includes three parts: the design of the PMT batch test platform, the development of the software system and the research and establishment of the test method. Test the built-in 3-dimensional stepper motor in the dark box to accommodate 16 PMTs. The three-dimensional stepping motor and the optical path system conducted by the 16-way optical fiber enable the test platform to realize the function of batch testing and scanning. The electronics of the test platform are based on the VEM bus and the NIM standard charge measurement plug-in, the time measurement plug-in, the counter, the low threshold discriminator, the constant-ratio timer, the gate generator and the electronics to scale the charge information test and time information of the PMT anode output signal. The software system includes control system, data acquisition system system and off-line data analysis. according to the real-time remote monitoring equipment operation of the test flow, the control system is an important step for realizing the construction of the automatic test platform; the data acquisition system is designed based on the VME bus, and is mainly used for data transmission to the electronic used by the test platform, The off-line data analysis is used to analyze and present the test results. The test is for several PMTs involved in ED selection: Japanese Binson R11102, UK ET 9903KB, and PhoonisXP2012. The main purpose of the test is to test and determine the batch test method by the test, and can also perform the performance research on the performance of the PMT participating in the test. The test content mainly includes the following steps: using a single photoelectron spectrum to scale the absolute gain, the high-voltage response, the photocathode uniform scanning, the linear dynamic range, the transit time resolution and the time difference of time and time, and the like. The PMT batch test system can test the PMT with higher experimental precision, and the test system can work stably and efficiently for a long time. The STAR cooperation group has proposed the second beam energy scanning program, which needs to upgrade the internal sector (iTPC) of the STAR time projection type (TPC) end cover. The detection performance of the TPC detector is improved in several aspects: increase the resolution of dE/ dx, and improve the momentum resolution; The range of the pseudo-fast receiving of track detection is increased (| 1 | 1 1, | 1 | + 1.5). The STAR-iTPC upgrade will replace all of the 24 internal sectors of the STAR TPC with the newly designed detector. The development and batch production of the multi-wire proportional chamber will be completed by the STAR China Cooperation Group-Shandong University. The main contents of this part of the thesis include: the development of the control software of the multi-wire proportional chamber winding platform, the design and development of the wire tension test system, the design and manufacture of the prototype of the iTPC multi-wire chamber, The design and performance test of the prototype of the prototype of the iTPC multi-wire chamber based on the cosmic ray. The iTPC multi-wire chamber belongs to the multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC), and based on the production of the MWPC and the need for mass production, I developed a set of automatic wire winding software system, and the system can be used for automatic wire frame winding under constant wire tension. according to the production requirement of the iTPC, the tension of each layer of the wire of the multi-wire chamber needs to be controlled to be within a small variation range, I design and develop a set of wire tension test system, which can automatically scan the silk surface of the whole multi-wire proportional chamber, and can obtain the tension of each filament with high precision. The wire winding system and the wire tension test system play a key role in the production and quality control of the iTPC multi-wire proportional chamber. The main structure of the iTPC prototype is: three-layer wire (anode wire, cathode wire, gate wire), signal readout plate, and a mechanical support unit. The prototype of the prototype is made in the ultra-clean room, and the manufacturing process includes the steps of wire winding, wire falling, fixing, welding, quality detection and the like. In which the control of the high-precision yarn spacing is realized with the aid of a wire comb, and the use of the silk comb is extremely important to the manufacturing process. After the prototype of the first detector is finished, in order to study the performance of the prototype of the iTPC, we set up a set of test platform based on the cosmic ray. The construction of the test platform mainly includes the drift chamber, the drift field, the gas supply system, the electronics system and the trigger. Using this test platform, the pad output signal of the prototype of the detector is read, the uniformity of the hit of the case of the cosmic ray is studied, and the incident track of the cosmic ray is reconstructed. The test results show that the iTPC prototype can meet the expected design metrics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O572.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 曹臻;;A future project at tibet:the large high altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO)[J];中国物理C;2010年02期
2 曾珞亚;;基于OPC技术的PLC与LabView通信实现[J];微计算机信息;2009年16期
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