吉林省松辽平原玉米带生态补偿问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 02:26

本文选题：松辽平原玉米带　切入点：资源透支　出处：《吉林农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：吉林省松辽平原玉米带是我国商品粮生产的核心区域,改革开放以来为国家提供了数千亿斤商品粮,对国家粮食安全做出了突出贡献。但与此同时,玉米带也出现了耕地和水资源透支性使用问题,具体表现为玉米常年连作、耕作方式不合理、长期过量施用化肥、玉米秸秆不能有效还田、水资源污染严重、地下水资源长期超采,致使玉米带的农业生态环境破坏严重,影响了粮食综合生产能力的提高和农业可持续发展。2015年中央“一号文件”提出加强农业生态治理。加强农业面源污染治理,深入开展测土配方施肥,大力推广生物有机肥、低毒低残留农药,开展秸秆、畜禽粪便资源化利用和农田残膜回收区域性示范;开展东北黑土地保护试点工作;建立健全农业生态环境保护责任制,加强问责监管,依法依规严肃查处各种破坏生态环境的行为。吉林省作为产粮大省,吉林省松辽平原玉米带生态补偿问题必将成为生态文明研究的重要组成部分,必将深入推进松辽平原玉米带生态文明建设和农业可持续性发展。鉴于此研究目的,本文以吉林省松辽平原玉米带生态补偿问题为研究对象,界定松辽平原玉米带、资源透支、农地生态补偿、水资源生态补偿、农户生态补偿行为、农地生态补偿政策等概念,结合外部性理论、生态资本理论、农户行为理论等多学科理论知识,揭示玉米带土壤资源和水资源方面生态环境遭到破坏的现状及其成因,并总结评价了玉米带现有生态补偿措施,对影响玉米带生态补偿的决定性因素——农户生态补偿行为进行实证研究,以理论结合实际,设计出玉米带生态补偿制度框架,为政府制定和完善生态补偿政策措施提出建议。本文拟突破的创新点:(1)目前国内对生态补偿政策研究主要是从自然保护区、生态功能区、矿产资源开发、流域水环境保护等方面来寻找关于生态补偿的政策措施。但学者们一般是从区划的资源环境本身去思考防治污染和保护生态环境对策,多数成果是从宏观层面去分析问题,系统研究成果少见,立足于农户生态补偿行为的研究成果较少,尤其是粮食主产区和黄金玉米带特定区域农户。作为农业生产中微观经济组织,农户既是农业生态的受益者和破坏者,即农户是生态补偿的主体,亦是农业生态的保护者,即农户是生态补偿的客体。研究玉米带生态补偿问题就必须深入分析农户的生态补偿行为方式和特点及剖析其原因,才能全方位思考、制定系统和有效的生态补偿对策;(2)本文利用农安、榆树、德惠、公主岭、梨树、前郭6个市县市地区350个农户调研数据,运用SPSS统计分析软件建立Logistic二元回归模型,通过向后LR迭代剔除方法对影响农户生态补偿行为的农户认知、意愿等深层次因素进行分析,并得出影响农户生态补偿行为因素的相关程度;(3)本文以松辽平原玉米带生态补偿作为研究切入点,创造性地构建出吉林省松辽平原玉米带生态补偿制度框架,从激励和约束微观主体农户行为这一新视角,提出符合玉米带生态补偿实际的建议,为政府完善生态补偿管理体制和制定相关制度、政策提供了参考依据。
[Abstract]:Songliao plain maize belt in Jilin province is the core area of grain production in China, since the reform and opening up provide hundreds of billions of kilograms of grain, made outstanding contribution to the national food security. But at the same time, the corn belt also appeared in the use of land and water resources problems of specific performance for the overdraft, corn continuous cropping, tillage not reasonable, long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizer, maize straw returning can not effectively, serious water pollution, groundwater resources long-term overexploitation of agricultural ecological environment, resulting in serious damage to the corn belt, the effect of improving the comprehensive capacity of grain production and agricultural sustainable development in.2015 years the central document proposes to strengthen agricultural ecological governance to strengthen the agricultural non-point. Source pollution control, carry out soil testing and fertilizer, and vigorously promote the bio organic fertilizer, low toxicity and low residue pesticides, carry out straw utilization and farmland resources of livestock and poultry manure Residual film recovery of regional demonstration; carry out black soil protection pilot work; establish and improve the agricultural ecological environmental protection responsibility system, strengthen supervision and accountability, according to the law and severely punish all kinds of acts of destruction of the ecological environment in Jilin province. As a major grain producing province, Jilin Province, will Ping Yuanyu Songliao meters with ecological compensation has become an important part of ecological civilization study, will further promote the corn belt of the Songliao plain ecological civilization construction and sustainable development of agriculture. In view of this research, this paper takes Jilin province corn belt of the Songliao plain ecological compensation as the research object, the definition of the corn belt of the Songliao plain, resource overdraft, farmland water resources ecological compensation, ecological compensation, ecological compensation behavior of farmers, rural land ecological the concept of compensation policy, combined with the externality theory, the theory of ecological capital, farmer behavior theory of multi subject knowledge, revealing the corn belt of soil resource The status quo and causes of water resources and the destruction of the ecological environment, and summarizes the existing ecological compensation measures of the corn belt, the decisive factors affecting the corn belt of the ecological compensation of the farmer's ecological compensation behavior of empirical research, by combining theory and practice, designs the corn belt of the ecological compensation system framework, put forward suggestions for the government to develop and improve ecological compensation policies and measures to break. The innovation of this paper: (1) the domestic research on ecological compensation policy is mainly from the nature reserve, ecological function areas, mineral resources development, river basin water environmental protection to find on ecological compensation policies and measures. But the scholars are generally from the division of resources environment to think about the prevention and protection of ecological environment in pollution, the majority of the work is to analyze the problem from the macro level, the system research is rare, based on the ecological compensation for farmers Less research results, especially in major grain producing areas and farmers. Sauteed Sweet Corn with Salted Egg Yolk with specific areas as micro economic organizations in agricultural production, farmers not only agricultural ecological beneficiaries and vandals, that farmers are the subject of ecological compensation, ecological agriculture is also the protector that farmers compensation object is the ecological compensation of corn. Zone must be in-depth analysis of ecological compensation behaviors and characteristics of farmers and to analyze the reasons, to comprehensive consideration, formulate effective ecological compensation system and countermeasures; (2) using Nong'an, elm, Dehui, Gongzhuling, pear, 350 household survey data of 6 cities in Qianguo County Region, using SPSS statistical analysis two software to establish the Logistic regression model, the backward LR iterative method of eliminating influence on rural ecological compensation behavior of farmers' cognition, analysis of willingness factors such as walking and draw. The related degree of sound ecological compensation behavior factors of farmers; (3) the corn belt of the Songliao plain ecological compensation as the starting point, creatively construct ecological compensation framework of Songliao plain maize belt in Jilin Province, from the new perspective of incentive and restraint microcosmic behavior of farmers, which meet the recommendations of ecological compensation actual corn. For the government to improve the ecological compensation management system and establish relevant system, provides the reference for the policy.

【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F327;X321

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