路径依赖视角下的产业集群演化过程研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 07:44

本文选题：产业集群 + 路径依赖　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来,复杂多变的国际产业环境、产业结构优化升级和产业集群转型、技术和管理的创新升级以及新技术、新兴产业和新的需求不断地涌现,给政府和企业带来了巨大的竞争压力和挑战,产业政策的调整也势在必行。因此,了解产业和产业集群的演化规律及其机理,对于政府、企业和学术界而言均十分必要。产业集群演化理论处于产业经济学、地理经济学、制度经济学等相关学科的交汇领域,作为共同的研究对象,已成为当代经济学领域极富生命力的研究热点。产业集群研究的角度和方法很多,在理论研究上也已取得了一定成果,在一定程度上解释了产业集群的形成、生长、衰退规律及其对企业绩效、产业整合、产业创新、区域发展的互动作用机理。但产业集群演化的空间动态化规律尚有许多问题有待解决:产业集群演化过程研究大多是以一般均衡理论视角为切入点,演化路径被解释为不同节点的均衡状态的连续,完全忽略了路径依赖现象在产业发展路径成形、企业经营战略决策、政府产业政策制定等众多领域的关键作用。关于路径依赖的部分研究,还涉及到产业集群演化、新产业形成、政策绩效等问题。但直到目前,学术界尚未提出完整的路径依赖整合理论,产业集群演化研究领域存在着不同的相对独立的研究视角:一种是在不考虑产业形成路径的前提下,单纯研究地理经济演化和产业空间布局;这种研究仍然无法解释资源禀赋、环境因素等条件相同的前提下,地区之间产业集群演化路径差距的原因。在同样的地方条件、制度特点下,偶然事件、历史惯性等软因素,也会影响其演化路径。因此可以说,经济主体的行为和产业集群演化路径具有不可预测性、非遍历性,甚至在不均衡不合理的状态下被长期锁定。另一种产业研究角度,比较注重于企业行为的研究,试图从企业管理、战略、资源、竞争力因素等方面解释产业和产业集群的演化路径,但这一类研究忽略了企业行为对产业集群演化过程的影响,因此对产业演化研究存在不足。为了补偿现有的产业集群研究的空白,本文将路径依赖和路径创造理论引入产业集群研究领域,建立了路径依赖下的产业集群自适应演化模式,并在此模型研究过程中提出了防锁和解锁策略。本文提出的研究思路和方法价值:在于能够对产业集群演化过程和路径形成提供新的定量和模拟分析方法,而且能够为企业和政府在路径依赖条件下提供防锁政策的数据和经济指标支持,为解锁政策和企业决策提供有效的定量分析方法。仿真分析能够反映出产业集群演化规律以及企业之间的合作形式和竞争对整体演化规律的影响。此外,本文采用的方法为其他相关研究提供了参考和依据。本文对路径依赖的形成进行了详细的描述,将从多种竞争性选择共存的状态向单一选择状态的转换过程作为路径依赖形成过程,提出了产业集群演化的有效(相对有效)和无效(锁定)的演化路径,为以后进行实证分析提出了检验路径依赖现象的思路框架和方法。同时,还提出了企业管理决策者的创新性和惯性的分类这一观念,在此基础上建立了评估企业管理上路径依赖验证的主要思路和变量分析方法。产业集群演化路径形成过程中的地理位置因素和最初条件因素(如产权结构,制度特征等)对演化路径起着重要的影响作用。为此,本文建立了对路径依赖定性和定量分析的指标体系,对网络效应、收益递增、战略自由度和不确定性四个因素进行研究。同时,在对50多家企业进行的问卷调查数据的基础上,进行了综合指标评估,实证分析、说明了路径依赖形成的倾向度和公司经营年限、本土化程度、网络联久度、增长速度和加速度以及战略惯性之间存在明显的相关性。进而,本文阐述了粒子群优化(PSO)过程和企业在产业集群环境下的动态存在相同规律,并使用了粒子群优化(PSO)算法对产业集群演化进行模拟仿真,这对于产业集群最优化演化路径探索也具有重要启示意义。用PSO和自组织神经网络模型对医药行业集群演化进行的仿真分析,说明了优化参数具体的经济意义与路径依赖不同层面、不同程度的关系。仿真分析通过对实证数据的大量实验估算,给出了具有借鉴指导意义的管控参数组合,在结合企业和政府主体的对应行为绩效分析条件下,揭示出制度安排对于修正产业集群演化路径依赖有着更加系统的重要作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the complex and changeable international industrial environment, the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and the transformation of industrial clusters, the innovation and upgrading of technology and management, new technologies, new industries and new demands are constantly emerging, which have brought great competition pressure and challenge to the government and enterprises, and the adjustment of industrial policies is imperative. Therefore, to understand the industry and production. The evolution law and its mechanism of industry cluster are necessary for the government, enterprises and academics. The theory of industrial cluster evolution is in the intersection of industrial economics, geo economics, institutional economics and other related disciplines. As a common research object, it has become a hot research focus in the field of contemporary economics. There are many research perspectives and methods, and some achievements have been made in theoretical research. To a certain extent, the formation, growth and decline of industrial clusters and the interaction mechanism of industrial integration, industrial integration, industrial innovation and regional development are explained to a certain extent. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the spatial dynamics of industrial cluster evolution. The research on the evolution process of industrial cluster is mostly based on the perspective of general equilibrium theory, and the evolutionary path is interpreted as the continuity of the equilibrium state of different nodes. It completely ignores the key role of path dependence in many fields, such as industrial development path forming, enterprise management strategy decision, government industrial policy formulation and so on. Part of the study is related to the evolution of industrial clusters, the formation of new industries, policy performance and other problems. But until now, the academic circle has not yet put forward a complete path dependence integration theory, and there are different relative independent research perspectives in the field of industrial cluster evolution research: one is, on the premise of not considering the path of industrial formation, Dan Chunyan The study of geographical and economic evolution and industrial spatial distribution is still unable to explain the reasons for the evolutionary path gap between regional industrial clusters under the same conditions as resource endowments and environmental factors. Under the same local conditions, system characteristics, contingency, historical inertia and other soft factors, it can also affect its evolutionary path. It is said that the behavior of the economic subject and the evolutionary path of the industrial cluster are unpredictable, non ergodicity, and are locked for a long time even in the unequal and irrational state. Another industry research angle is more focused on the study of enterprise behavior, trying to explain the industry and industrial clusters from the aspects of enterprise management, strategy, resources and competitiveness. Evolution path, but this kind of research ignores the influence of enterprise behavior on the evolution process of industrial cluster, so there is a shortage of industrial evolution research. In order to compensate the gap of the existing industrial cluster research, this paper introduces the path dependence and path creation theory into the industry cluster research domain, and establishes the industrial cluster adaptation under the path dependence. The strategy of anti lock and unlocking is put forward in the research process of this model. The research ideas and methods proposed in this paper are to provide new quantitative and analog analysis methods for the evolution process and path formation of industrial clusters, and to provide data and classics for enterprises and governments to provide anti lock policies under the path dependent conditions. It provides an effective quantitative analysis method for unlocking policy and enterprise decision. The simulation analysis can reflect the evolution law of industrial cluster and the influence of cooperation form and competition among enterprises on the overall evolution law. In addition, the method used in this paper provides reference and basis for other related research. The formation of the formation is described in detail, and the transformation process from the state of multiple competitive selection to the single selection state is taken as the process of path dependence, and the evolutionary path of the effective (relatively effective) and ineffective (locking) evolution of the industrial cluster is proposed, and a train of thought for the test path dependence is put forward for the future empirical analysis. At the same time, the concept of innovation and inertia of enterprise management decision makers is put forward. On this basis, the main ideas and variable analysis methods for evaluating the path dependence of enterprise management are established. The geographical position factors and the initial conditions in the process of the evolution of industrial clusters (such as property rights structure, system) In this paper, we set up an index system for qualitative and quantitative analysis of path dependence, and study the four factors of network effect, increasing income, strategic freedom and uncertainty. At the same time, on the basis of the questionnaire survey data of more than 50 enterprises, the comprehensive index is carried out. The evaluation and empirical analysis show that there is a significant correlation between the tendency of the formation of path dependence and the business life of the company, the degree of localization, the connectivity of the network, the speed of growth and acceleration as well as the strategic inertia. Then, the paper expounds the same law of the PSO process and the dynamic of the enterprise in the industrial cluster environment. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to simulate the evolution of industrial clusters, which is also of great significance for the exploration of the optimization evolution path of industrial clusters. The simulation analysis of the evolution of the pharmaceutical industry cluster with PSO and self-organized neural network model shows that the specific economic significance and path dependence of the optimized parameters are not. At the same level, different degrees of relationship. Through a large number of experiments on empirical data, simulation analysis gives a combination of management and control parameters with reference significance. Under the conditions of corresponding behavior performance analysis of enterprises and government subjects, it is revealed that institutional arrangements have more systematic importance to the revision of the evolutionary path dependence of the industrial cluster. Effect.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F062.9

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