政策性出口信用保险功能的理论及实证研究—兼论中国政策性出口信用保险改革与发展
发布时间：2018-07-17 04:03
【摘要】：对外开放是我国的基本国策,国际贸易作为国家开放型经济体系的重要组成部分和国民经济发展的重要推动力量,对于提高我国综合实力和国际影响力、促进中国经济和世界经济的深度融合发挥着不可取代的独特作用。改革开放以来,特别是2001年加入世界贸易组织以来,我国开放型经济迅速发展,国际贸易领域取得显著成就。然而需要正视的是,我国外贸大而不强,对外投资尚处于初级阶段,企业“走出去”的质量和效益有待进一步提高。同时,我国外经贸的快速增长以及复杂多变的外部环境,导致外经贸企业面临日益严峻的出口信用风险,由此对我国对外经贸的健康发展带来诸多不利影响,进而对开放型经济体系构建和国民经济增长产生极大的冲击。作为世界贸易组织补贴与反补贴条款项下允许的出口和对外投资促进手段,政策性出口信用保险在防范风险、补偿损失以及提高企业竞争力等方面能够发挥独特功能,对贯彻本国对外经贸战略、保障就业、促进经济发展具有重要意义和作用,尤其是在经济动荡下行时期的逆周期调节效应更加明显。我国出口信用保险制度自建立后的近30年里不断发展和完善,并在促进我国对外贸易和投资中发挥了积极作用,特别是2008年国际金融危机以来,为支持我国外贸稳定增长、促进国民经济快速发展做出了重要贡献,由此受到国家日益重视并作为调结构、防风险、保就业的重要工具和手段得以广泛运用。但同时,随着国内外形势的深刻变化和业务的快速增长,我国出口信用保险在发展中也出现了许多问题、面临一些困难,为此,政府积极推动对政策性出口信用保险体制的改革。在改革推进过程中,相关部门对政策性出口信用保险的功能、中国出口信用保险公司的定位及撤并、机构及业务的外部监督管理等问题产生了激烈的争论,特别是对于政策性出口信用保险的功能作用发挥,相关部门意见分歧较大。理论界和实务领域对该问题也是莫衷一是、众说纷纭,有的学者认为出口信用保险对外经贸发展具有显著的正向促进效应,而有的学者认为这种作用不明显,甚至没有作用。我国政策性出口信用保险的功能发挥到底如何?未来政策性出口信用保险机构是撤销、保留还是强化?如何构建合理、有效的政策性出口信用保险体系、优化和完善出口信用保险的功能作用?围绕这些热点难点问题,基于功能观视角,本文从理论分析、国际比较、国内实践等多个层面分析政策性出口信用保险发展演变,力图针对我国出口信用保险的功能作用提出较为系统、全面的认识和见解,并从理论层面把握政策性出口信用保险功能作用的层次结构和实现机制、从实证层面分析我国政策性出口信用保险功能的发挥情况、从制度和政策层面提出我国出口信用保险体制完善和功能优化的方向和路径,希望能够为我国政策性出口信用保险体系的统筹规划和持续发展提供借鉴和参考。本文按照政策性出口信用保险功能作用的内在逻辑联系,从以下方面进行了较为系统的研究:第一章,引言。作为文章的开头,主要概述本文的研究背景和意义,梳理归纳与本文相关的前人文献与研究成果,并介绍本文的研究方法、研究内容及可能的创新之处。第二章,政策性出口信用保险相关理论基础。本章首先对与政策性出口信用保险相似或相关的概念进行界定,主要包括信用风险、出口信用风险以及其他进出口政策性金融工具等,其次对政策性出口信用保险的有关理论进行归纳分析和创新扩展,特别是尝试运用理论经济学、新制度经济学和转轨经济学等分析出口信用保险问题,最后对出口信用保险的政策性属性作了反思。第三章,政策性出口信用保险的功能界定。主要结合对现代保险功能的分析及与商业保险的对比,对政策性出口信用保险的功能进行界定,为后续微观机制、宏观效应及实证分析奠定基础。特别是创造性地提出认识与理解保险功能的三个层次,即从抽象到具体再到表象,并基于此分析政策性出口信用保险的基本功能、核心功能与派生功能。第四章,政策性出口信用保险的微观机制。在对政策性出口信用保险的功能作用进行界定的基础上,对这些功能作用特别是特有功能的内部传导机制进行分析,这有利于更深入地理解政策性出口信用保险功能是如何发挥的,得益于什么因素,发挥得不好应归于哪些因素,进而找出功能作用难以顺利实现的根源所在、提出针对性的改进措施和完善对策。第五章,政策性出口信用保险的宏观效应。主要从理论与实践层面对政策性出口信用保险的外部效应进行分析,理论层面上主要是运用两国经贸往来的均衡模型进行研究,在实践层面上对政策性出口信用保险的中观效应、宏观效应进行分析,并给出政策性出口信用保险外部效应的研究思路和架构。第六章,政策性出口信用保险功能的国际比较。在对国外政策性出口信用保险发展模式进行分类的基础上,选取代表性的英国、美国、韩国、加拿大、法国等若干国家政策性出口信用保险发展和功能作用发挥及其所需条件和基础等情况进行比较分析,以归纳出可供借鉴的通行做法和有益经验。第七章,我国政策性出口信用保险功能作用的实证分析。在对我国出口信用保险的发展演变情况进行简要介绍的基础上,运用扩展后的引力模型、混合策略纳什均衡博弈模型等,采用历年来我国出口信用保险等相关数据,从多个角度、多个层次对其功能作用的发挥情况作实证研究,并结合对实证结果的分析,提出政策性出口信用保险功能发挥中存在的问题和有待进一步完善的方面。第八章,我国政策性出口信用保险体系的完善与优化。基于功能观的视角,借鉴国外经验,结合发展实际,从内部设计和外部保障两个方面,提出我国政策性出口信用保险功能完善与优化的对策措施与制度安排,并结合当前我国对外经贸发展新形势、新要求,尝试给出健全我国政策性出口信用保险体系、发挥政策性出口信用保险功能的政策建议。第九章,结论与展望。总结提炼全文的研究过程、主要结论及不足之处,并进一步引申观点,对未来可优化完善领域和研究方向进行展望。
[Abstract]:Opening to the outside world is the basic national policy of our country. As an important part of the open economic system and an important driving force for the development of the national economy, international trade plays an indispensable role in improving China's comprehensive strength and international influence and promoting the deep integration of China's economy and the world economy. Since the reform and opening up, In particular, since the accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001, China's open economy has developed rapidly and has made remarkable achievements in the field of international trade. However, it is necessary to face up to the fact that our foreign trade is large and not strong, the foreign investment is still in the primary stage, the quality and efficiency of the "going out" of enterprises have to be further improved. At the same time, the rapid increase of our foreign trade and economy is increasing. The long and complex and changeable external environment leads to the increasingly severe export credit risk of the foreign trade and economic enterprises, which has brought many adverse effects on the healthy development of our foreign trade and economic development, and has a great impact on the construction of the open economy system and the growth of the national economy. The policy based export credit insurance can play a unique role in preventing risk, compensation for loss and improving the competitiveness of enterprises. It is of great significance and role to carry out the foreign economic and trade strategy, guarantee employment and promote economic development, especially in the reverse period of the period of economic turmoil. The effect of the period adjustment is more obvious. China's export credit insurance system has developed and perfected in the last 30 years, and has played an active role in promoting China's foreign trade and investment, especially since the 2008 international financial crisis, which has made important contributions to support the stable growth of China's foreign trade and promote the rapid development of the national economy. Therefore, the important tools and means to adjust structure, prevent risk and guarantee employment have been widely used. At the same time, with the profound changes in the situation at home and abroad and the rapid growth of business, there have been many problems in the development of China's export credit insurance and facing some difficulties. Therefore, the government has actively promoted the policy. In the process of the reform and promotion, the relevant departments have made a fierce debate on the functions of the policy oriented export credit insurance, the positioning and withdrawal of the China Export and Credit Insurance Corp, the external supervision and management of the institutions and business, especially the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance. There are different opinions on this issue in both theoretical and practical fields. Some scholars believe that export credit insurance has a significant positive effect on foreign trade and economic development, while some scholars believe that this effect is not obvious and even useless. The function of policy export credit insurance in China has been played to the full. How does the future policy oriented export credit insurance institution be revoked, retained or strengthened? How to build a reasonable and effective policy export credit insurance system and optimize and improve the function of export credit insurance? Around these hot and difficult issues, this article is based on the perspective of function, from the theoretical analysis, international comparison, domestic practice and so on. This paper analyzes the development and evolution of policy oriented export credit insurance, and tries to put forward more systematic and comprehensive understanding and views on the function of China's export credit insurance, and grasp the hierarchical structure and Realization Mechanism of the function of policy oriented export credit insurance from the theoretical level, and analyze the credit insurance work of China's policy export credit insurance from the actual level. To give full play to the situation, the direction and path of China's export credit insurance system and function optimization are put forward from the system and policy level, and it is hoped to provide reference and reference for the overall planning and sustainable development of China's policy oriented export credit insurance system. The first chapter, introduction. As the beginning of the article, it mainly outlines the background and significance of this study, combs and summarizes the previous literature and research results related to this article, and introduces the research methods, research contents and possible innovations in this paper. The second chapter, policy related export credit insurance related. This chapter first defines the similar or related concepts to the policy oriented export credit insurance, including credit risk, export credit risk and other import and export policy financial instruments. Secondly, the relevant theories of policy oriented export credit insurance are summarized and expanded, especially by trying to apply the theory. In the end, the third chapter is to define the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance, which mainly combines the analysis of the modern insurance function and the comparison with the commercial insurance, and the function of the policy export credit insurance. It lays the foundation for the follow-up micro mechanism, macro effect and empirical analysis. Especially, it creatively puts forward three levels of understanding and understanding the function of insurance, that is, from abstract to concrete, and then to the appearance, and based on the analysis of the basic functions of the policy based export credit insurance, the core function and the derivative function. The fourth chapter, the policy export credit. On the basis of defining the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance, this paper analyzes the internal conduction mechanism of these functions, especially the special functions, which is helpful to understand more deeply how the function of the policy export credit insurance is played. In the fifth chapter, the macro effect of policy oriented export credit insurance is mainly analyzed from the theoretical and practical level of the external effect of policy export credit insurance. The main theory is to use the two countries. The equilibrium model of trade exchange is studied, the medium effect and macro effect of policy export credit insurance are analyzed on the practical level, and the research ideas and structure of the external effect of policy export credit insurance are given. The sixth chapter, the international comparison of the function of policy export credit insurance. On the basis of the classification of the development model, this paper makes a comparative analysis on the development and function of policy export credit insurance in several countries, such as Britain, the United States, Korea, Canada and France, and the necessary conditions and foundations, and so on, in order to conclude the common practice and useful experience for reference. The seventh chapter, the policy of our country On the basis of a brief introduction to the development and evolution of China's export credit insurance, using the extended gravitational model and the Nash equilibrium game model of the mixed strategy, the function of China's export credit insurance has been used in many different angles. In the eighth chapter, the improvement and optimization of the policy oriented export credit insurance system in China. In the two aspects of the Ministry design and external guarantee, we put forward the countermeasures and institutional arrangements for the improvement and optimization of China's policy oriented export credit insurance, and combine the new situation of our country's foreign trade and economic development and the new requirements, and try to give a policy suggestion on the policy oriented export credit insurance system and the policy export credit insurance function. The ninth chapter, conclusion and prospect, summarizes the research process of refining the full text, the main conclusions and shortcomings, and further extended the views, and prospects for the future optimization and improvement of the field and research direction.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F842.6;F752.62
，
本文编号：2128928
[Abstract]:Opening to the outside world is the basic national policy of our country. As an important part of the open economic system and an important driving force for the development of the national economy, international trade plays an indispensable role in improving China's comprehensive strength and international influence and promoting the deep integration of China's economy and the world economy. Since the reform and opening up, In particular, since the accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001, China's open economy has developed rapidly and has made remarkable achievements in the field of international trade. However, it is necessary to face up to the fact that our foreign trade is large and not strong, the foreign investment is still in the primary stage, the quality and efficiency of the "going out" of enterprises have to be further improved. At the same time, the rapid increase of our foreign trade and economy is increasing. The long and complex and changeable external environment leads to the increasingly severe export credit risk of the foreign trade and economic enterprises, which has brought many adverse effects on the healthy development of our foreign trade and economic development, and has a great impact on the construction of the open economy system and the growth of the national economy. The policy based export credit insurance can play a unique role in preventing risk, compensation for loss and improving the competitiveness of enterprises. It is of great significance and role to carry out the foreign economic and trade strategy, guarantee employment and promote economic development, especially in the reverse period of the period of economic turmoil. The effect of the period adjustment is more obvious. China's export credit insurance system has developed and perfected in the last 30 years, and has played an active role in promoting China's foreign trade and investment, especially since the 2008 international financial crisis, which has made important contributions to support the stable growth of China's foreign trade and promote the rapid development of the national economy. Therefore, the important tools and means to adjust structure, prevent risk and guarantee employment have been widely used. At the same time, with the profound changes in the situation at home and abroad and the rapid growth of business, there have been many problems in the development of China's export credit insurance and facing some difficulties. Therefore, the government has actively promoted the policy. In the process of the reform and promotion, the relevant departments have made a fierce debate on the functions of the policy oriented export credit insurance, the positioning and withdrawal of the China Export and Credit Insurance Corp, the external supervision and management of the institutions and business, especially the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance. There are different opinions on this issue in both theoretical and practical fields. Some scholars believe that export credit insurance has a significant positive effect on foreign trade and economic development, while some scholars believe that this effect is not obvious and even useless. The function of policy export credit insurance in China has been played to the full. How does the future policy oriented export credit insurance institution be revoked, retained or strengthened? How to build a reasonable and effective policy export credit insurance system and optimize and improve the function of export credit insurance? Around these hot and difficult issues, this article is based on the perspective of function, from the theoretical analysis, international comparison, domestic practice and so on. This paper analyzes the development and evolution of policy oriented export credit insurance, and tries to put forward more systematic and comprehensive understanding and views on the function of China's export credit insurance, and grasp the hierarchical structure and Realization Mechanism of the function of policy oriented export credit insurance from the theoretical level, and analyze the credit insurance work of China's policy export credit insurance from the actual level. To give full play to the situation, the direction and path of China's export credit insurance system and function optimization are put forward from the system and policy level, and it is hoped to provide reference and reference for the overall planning and sustainable development of China's policy oriented export credit insurance system. The first chapter, introduction. As the beginning of the article, it mainly outlines the background and significance of this study, combs and summarizes the previous literature and research results related to this article, and introduces the research methods, research contents and possible innovations in this paper. The second chapter, policy related export credit insurance related. This chapter first defines the similar or related concepts to the policy oriented export credit insurance, including credit risk, export credit risk and other import and export policy financial instruments. Secondly, the relevant theories of policy oriented export credit insurance are summarized and expanded, especially by trying to apply the theory. In the end, the third chapter is to define the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance, which mainly combines the analysis of the modern insurance function and the comparison with the commercial insurance, and the function of the policy export credit insurance. It lays the foundation for the follow-up micro mechanism, macro effect and empirical analysis. Especially, it creatively puts forward three levels of understanding and understanding the function of insurance, that is, from abstract to concrete, and then to the appearance, and based on the analysis of the basic functions of the policy based export credit insurance, the core function and the derivative function. The fourth chapter, the policy export credit. On the basis of defining the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance, this paper analyzes the internal conduction mechanism of these functions, especially the special functions, which is helpful to understand more deeply how the function of the policy export credit insurance is played. In the fifth chapter, the macro effect of policy oriented export credit insurance is mainly analyzed from the theoretical and practical level of the external effect of policy export credit insurance. The main theory is to use the two countries. The equilibrium model of trade exchange is studied, the medium effect and macro effect of policy export credit insurance are analyzed on the practical level, and the research ideas and structure of the external effect of policy export credit insurance are given. The sixth chapter, the international comparison of the function of policy export credit insurance. On the basis of the classification of the development model, this paper makes a comparative analysis on the development and function of policy export credit insurance in several countries, such as Britain, the United States, Korea, Canada and France, and the necessary conditions and foundations, and so on, in order to conclude the common practice and useful experience for reference. The seventh chapter, the policy of our country On the basis of a brief introduction to the development and evolution of China's export credit insurance, using the extended gravitational model and the Nash equilibrium game model of the mixed strategy, the function of China's export credit insurance has been used in many different angles. In the eighth chapter, the improvement and optimization of the policy oriented export credit insurance system in China. In the two aspects of the Ministry design and external guarantee, we put forward the countermeasures and institutional arrangements for the improvement and optimization of China's policy oriented export credit insurance, and combine the new situation of our country's foreign trade and economic development and the new requirements, and try to give a policy suggestion on the policy oriented export credit insurance system and the policy export credit insurance function. The ninth chapter, conclusion and prospect, summarizes the research process of refining the full text, the main conclusions and shortcomings, and further extended the views, and prospects for the future optimization and improvement of the field and research direction.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F842.6;F752.62
，
本文编号：2128928
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