农户资源配置视角下的粮农收入研究：一个村庄个案
发布时间：2018-08-06 13:07
【摘要】：粮食主产区的农民收入问题是中国共产党和政府当前面临的一个重大问题。已有的大量相关研究从宏观和中观层面对农民收入的现状、问题和增收对策做了系统的分析,但从农户资源配置的微观视角对该问题所做研究很少。本研究首先梳理和应用马克思主义资源配置理论,针对中国实际提出农户资源配置效率不高的理论假说;然后基于作者对一个具有较广泛代表性的普通产粮村的逐户调查,做村庄个案分析,用统计回归等分析方法,分析该村165户农户2012年生产和收入的截面数据,检验农户资源配置是否合理;最后在唯物史观的视野中提出理论解释和改进思路。根据马克思主义,资源配置合理的具体标准是供需平衡和劳动耗费最少。本文假定农户资源配置的目标是其家庭纯收入最大化。由于当前中国农户处在自然经济、市场经济和计划经济的夹缝中,面临各种复杂的矛盾,其资源配置效率很难达到最优,因此其收入也很难达到最大化。对案例村庄的实证分析表明,从劳动耗费最少的标准看,农户农业生产中资金和劳动力投入过多,存在浪费;从供需平衡的标准看,粮食生产在政府价格支持政策下能较好地对接需求,而蔬菜生产在市场机制的作用下波动剧烈,常造成资源浪费。总体而言,农户资源配置效率未达到最优,因此其收入也未能最大化。理论分析表明,在中国当前的大转型时期,农户的资源配置方式具备自然经济、市场经济和计划经济三种资源配置方式的属性,其资源配置方式与生产力水平和生产力的发展并不适应,因此很难使其资源配置达到最合理的水平。具体而言,农户资源配置方式中的自然因素过于落后,无法满足先进的生产力要求;农户资源配置方式中的市场因素相较生产力的迅速发展亦显得落后,无法满足生产力发展的要求;而农户资源配置方式中的计划因素则未能及时发展完善并跟上生产力发展的要求。改进农户资源配置效率,进而提高农民收入的根本思路是按照典型示范、农民自愿、政府扶持的原则推进农民合作化,同时加强政府对农业以及对劳动力市场的宏观调控。
[Abstract]:The issue of farmers' income in grain-producing areas is a major issue facing the CPC and the government. A large number of related studies have made a systematic analysis of the present situation, problems and income increase countermeasures of farmers' income from the macro and meso levels, but little has been done on this issue from the microscopic perspective of the allocation of farmers' resources. This research firstly combs and applies the Marxist theory of resource allocation, and puts forward the hypothesis that the allocation efficiency of peasant household resources is not high in view of the actual situation in China, and then based on the author's house-to-house survey of a widely representative general grain producing village. This paper makes case analysis of villages, analyzes the cross-section data of production and income of 165 rural households in this village in 2012 by means of statistical regression and so on, and tests whether the allocation of farmers' resources is reasonable or not. Finally, it puts forward theoretical explanation and improvement ideas in the perspective of historical materialism. According to Marxism, the rational allocation of resources is the specific criterion of balance between supply and demand and minimum labor cost. This paper assumes that the goal of resource allocation of farmers is to maximize their net income. At present, Chinese farmers are in the gap of natural economy, market economy and planned economy, and they are faced with various complicated contradictions, so it is difficult to achieve optimal resource allocation efficiency, so it is difficult to maximize their income. The empirical analysis of the case villages shows that from the point of view of the minimum labor cost, the farmers' investment in agricultural production is excessive and there is waste; from the point of view of the balance between supply and demand, Grain production can better meet demand under the policy of government price support, but vegetable production fluctuates sharply under the action of market mechanism, which often results in waste of resources. Overall, the efficiency of resource allocation is not optimal, so its income is not maximized. Theoretical analysis shows that in the current period of great transformation in China, farmers' resource allocation mode has the attributes of natural economy, market economy and planned economy. The mode of resource allocation is not suitable to the level of productivity and the development of productivity, so it is difficult to make the allocation of resources to the most reasonable level. In particular, the natural factors in the allocation of farmers' resources are too backward to meet the requirements of advanced productive forces, and the market factors in the mode of allocation of farmers' resources are also lagging behind compared with the rapid development of productive forces. It can not meet the demands of productivity development, while the planning factors in the way of allocation of farmers' resources can not develop and perfect in time and keep up with the demands of the development of productive forces. The basic idea to improve the efficiency of peasant household resource allocation and further increase farmers' income is to promote the cooperative transformation of farmers according to the principles of typical demonstration, peasants' willingness and government support, and at the same time, to strengthen the government's macro regulation and control of agriculture and labor market.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.8
本文编号：2167828
[Abstract]:The issue of farmers' income in grain-producing areas is a major issue facing the CPC and the government. A large number of related studies have made a systematic analysis of the present situation, problems and income increase countermeasures of farmers' income from the macro and meso levels, but little has been done on this issue from the microscopic perspective of the allocation of farmers' resources. This research firstly combs and applies the Marxist theory of resource allocation, and puts forward the hypothesis that the allocation efficiency of peasant household resources is not high in view of the actual situation in China, and then based on the author's house-to-house survey of a widely representative general grain producing village. This paper makes case analysis of villages, analyzes the cross-section data of production and income of 165 rural households in this village in 2012 by means of statistical regression and so on, and tests whether the allocation of farmers' resources is reasonable or not. Finally, it puts forward theoretical explanation and improvement ideas in the perspective of historical materialism. According to Marxism, the rational allocation of resources is the specific criterion of balance between supply and demand and minimum labor cost. This paper assumes that the goal of resource allocation of farmers is to maximize their net income. At present, Chinese farmers are in the gap of natural economy, market economy and planned economy, and they are faced with various complicated contradictions, so it is difficult to achieve optimal resource allocation efficiency, so it is difficult to maximize their income. The empirical analysis of the case villages shows that from the point of view of the minimum labor cost, the farmers' investment in agricultural production is excessive and there is waste; from the point of view of the balance between supply and demand, Grain production can better meet demand under the policy of government price support, but vegetable production fluctuates sharply under the action of market mechanism, which often results in waste of resources. Overall, the efficiency of resource allocation is not optimal, so its income is not maximized. Theoretical analysis shows that in the current period of great transformation in China, farmers' resource allocation mode has the attributes of natural economy, market economy and planned economy. The mode of resource allocation is not suitable to the level of productivity and the development of productivity, so it is difficult to make the allocation of resources to the most reasonable level. In particular, the natural factors in the allocation of farmers' resources are too backward to meet the requirements of advanced productive forces, and the market factors in the mode of allocation of farmers' resources are also lagging behind compared with the rapid development of productive forces. It can not meet the demands of productivity development, while the planning factors in the way of allocation of farmers' resources can not develop and perfect in time and keep up with the demands of the development of productive forces. The basic idea to improve the efficiency of peasant household resource allocation and further increase farmers' income is to promote the cooperative transformation of farmers according to the principles of typical demonstration, peasants' willingness and government support, and at the same time, to strengthen the government's macro regulation and control of agriculture and labor market.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.8
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