面向生产现场问题的知识获取与分析方法研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 20:13

【摘要】：在“工业4.0”和“中国制造2025”的时代背景下,我国制造企业在新一轮发展中正面临着历史性机遇和巨大挑战。生产现场是制造企业实现生产经营目标的根本场所,生产现场管理就是要解决生产现场中存在的诸多问题。在这些问题解决过程中,会运用并产生大量的知识,如何挖掘和管理蕴藏于问题解决中的知识一直是制造企业知识管理获得成功的关键因素。然而,由于问题解决不同于一般性和重复性实践活动,问题解决中产生和运用的知识也呈现出相当的复杂性,这为企业在知识掌控力和创新能力等方面提出了巨大挑战,也为面向生产现场的知识管理研究带来了相当的难度。已有围绕制造企业生产现场的知识管理研究在以产品为核心的知识内容管理、以流程为导向的知识过程管理,以及以信息技术为基础的知识管理系统应用方面均取得了丰富的研究成果,但生产现场问题解决中相关知识的复杂性决定了在开展知识管理理论和实践研究中,仍存在一些问题有待进一步开展。为此,本研究聚焦制造企业生产现场的知识管理问题,以“知行合一”的实践论为思想基础,以问题解决认知心理学研究成果为理论依据,以知识管理与知识工程的方法和技术为研究手段,将制造企业生产现场管理中遇到的问题作为研究切入点,针对问题解决中产生和运用的知识,系统地研究面向生产现场问题的知识获取与分析方法。研究内容包括：(一)在对问题解决过程中产生和运用知识的特征、类型和内容等进行深入分析的基础上,构建一个多层次、多维度、多粒度的面向生产现场问题的知识表示模型KMoPPF,实现对生产现场知识体系结构全面而系统的描述；(二)以KMoPPF为概念框架,提出两个阶段的知识获取方法KACMoPPF,完成从生产实践到经验积累、到知识升华,再回到生产实践的知识持续创造过程；(三)基于KMoPPF的定性和定量特征,提出面向生产现场问题的知识分析方法KANMoPPF,通过知识类型分析、知识水平分析、知识相似度计算、知识确定性计算等,切实为生产现场管理工作服务；(四)将所提出理论、方法和技术应用于制造企业知识管理实践,验证其可行性和有效性。此外,本文还在最后结论部分,分析了本研究的实践价值以及今后的研究思路和发展方向。本研究的目标在于进一步结合企业实际工作推动知识创造与持续成长,为企业知识管理实践提供一个全新理论框架和方法体系,更好地为企业培育自主创新能力和核心竞争力。本研究在理论方面,从哲学、认知心理学和知识管理三个角度,深入探讨生产现场中的问题,以及问题解决过程中运用并产生的知识,提出面向生产现场问题的知识获取与分析方法研究的新思路；在方法和技术方面,由问题及其解决过程引导,构建一个面向生产现场问题的知识表示模型,并在此基础上,实现面向生产现场问题的知识获取与分析方法,从而把知识获取延伸到更微观的认知层面上,把知识分析扩展到可操作的生产管理工作中；在应用方面,将所提出的面向生产现场问题的知识获取与分析方法应用于实例企业的知识管理实践之中,收到了较好的应用效果。本研究提出的面向生产现场问题的知识获取与分析方法还具有方法论意义,它不仅有助于解释知识主客体相统一的认知关系本质,而且为分析和量化知识提供了一个新视角和新方法,更重要的是,它能够与生产现场实际工作有机地结合起来,进一步推动制造企业知识管理实践。
[Abstract]:Under the background of "Industry 4.0" and "Made in China 2025", Chinese manufacturing enterprises are facing historic opportunities and enormous challenges in the new round of development. Production site is the fundamental place for manufacturing enterprises to achieve their production and management objectives, and production site management is to solve many problems in production site. In the process of decision-making, a large amount of knowledge will be used and produced. How to excavate and manage the knowledge contained in problem-solving has always been the key factor for the success of knowledge management in manufacturing enterprises. This poses a great challenge to the knowledge control and innovation ability of enterprises, and also brings considerable difficulty to the research of knowledge management oriented to production site. Rich achievements have been made in the application of knowledge management system based on information technology, but the complexity of relevant knowledge in solving production site problems determines that there are still some problems to be further studied in the theory and practice of knowledge management. Based on the practice theory of "the unity of knowledge and practice", the theory of problem-solving cognitive psychology and the methods and techniques of knowledge management and knowledge engineering, the problems encountered in the production site management of manufacturing enterprises are taken as the breakthrough point of the study. This paper systematically studies the methods of knowledge acquisition and analysis for production-site problems. The research contents include: (1) Based on the in-depth analysis of the characteristics, types and contents of knowledge generated and applied in the process of problem solving, a multi-level, multi-dimensional and multi-granularity knowledge representation model KMoPPF for production-site problems is constructed. To achieve a comprehensive and systematic description of the production site knowledge architecture; (2) KACMoPPF as a conceptual framework, a two-stage knowledge acquisition method, KACMoPPF, is proposed to complete the process of knowledge continuous creation from production practice to experience accumulation, to knowledge sublimation, and then back to production practice; (3) Based on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of KMoPPF, the aspects are proposed. KANMoPPF, a knowledge analysis method for production site problems, provides practical services for production site management through knowledge type analysis, knowledge level analysis, knowledge similarity calculation, knowledge determinacy calculation, etc. (4) Applying the proposed theories, methods and techniques to knowledge management practice in manufacturing enterprises to verify its feasibility and effectiveness. In the last part of this paper, the practical value of this study and the future research ideas and development direction are analyzed. The goal of this study is to further promote knowledge creation and sustainable growth in combination with the actual work of enterprises, and to provide a new theoretical framework and methodological system for the practice of enterprise knowledge management, so as to better foster enterprises. In the theoretical aspect, from the perspectives of philosophy, cognitive psychology and knowledge management, this study probes into the problems in the production site and the knowledge used and produced in the process of problem solving, and puts forward a new idea of knowledge acquisition and analysis method for production site problems. In technology, guided by the problem and its solving process, a knowledge representation model oriented to the production site problem is constructed, and on this basis, knowledge acquisition and analysis methods oriented to the production site problem are realized, so that knowledge acquisition can be extended to a more microscopic level of cognition and knowledge analysis can be extended to operational production management. In the aspect of application, the proposed method of knowledge acquisition and analysis for production site problems is applied to the knowledge management practice of case enterprises, and the results are satisfactory. The essence of the cognitive relationship of subject and object unification provides a new perspective and method for analyzing and quantifying knowledge. More importantly, it can combine with the actual work of production site organically, and further promote the practice of knowledge management in manufacturing enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F425;F272

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