拉美微型金融的社会责任及其可持续性的研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 15:44

  本文选题：拉美微型金融　切入点：小额信贷　出处：《北京外国语大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：微型金融在上世纪70年代发展中国家中诞生。具体而言第一个小额信贷方案是由穆罕默德·尤努斯(孟加拉乡村银行创始人)在孟加拉国和安信永(ACCION International)的志愿者在巴西同时发起。这些计划的最初目的是为了通过给予小额信贷支持,帮助那些低收入群体积累一定的资本去建立自己的企业,使他们可以获得并积累一定投资利润,从而打破贫困对他们的恶性循环。微型金融学中的扶贫视角由此产生。目前,微型金融由于其较大的发展规模无论是在拉丁美洲还是世界上其他国家都已形成一个产业。尤其是在拉美地区,微型金融有着较高的利率水平和较强的商业取向。越来越多的微型金融机构似乎更加偏向于关注其金融效率及可持续性发展。因为它们意识到了只有实现资金自足才能更好地发挥它们在社会价值方面的作用, 所谓资金自足是指微型金融机构从经济活动运营中产生的收入可以覆盖所有的支出。本文共分为五章：第一章,简要介绍了课题的研究背景,选题原因,文献综述以及该论文采用的研究方法。第二章首先对微型金融及其在拉美主要的金融产品进行了详细的定论,其次对微型金融学中两个研究维度的具体内容做了详细介绍,最后梳理了微型金融在拉美的出现及发展进程。第三章以微型金融对社会的价值和意义为视角,详细分析了该产业在拉美的现状与规模,微型产品对该地区贫困群体的影响方面。本章最后分别以在墨西哥和秘鲁推出的一些小额贷款计划为典例,就其对小微企业和低收入群体家庭及个人等方面的影响做了具体评价。第四章主要是围绕微型金融机构的金融效率方面展开研究,提出了可持续发展的概念,并指出机构在财务方面可持续性的重要性。同时提到拉美地区普遍存在的高额贷款利率现象有悖于微型金融的社会扶贫宗旨,接着文章对影响利率的企业内部因素进行了具体分析,并试图从中找出既可以降低利率,又不影响微型金融机构可持续发展的解决办法。本章最后研究了政府公共政策对微型金融产业及小额信贷活动的作用及影响。第五章为本文的结论,微型金融自诞生以来一直肩负着改善贫困群体生活现状的重任,其大部分信贷计划是建立在政府补贴和社会捐助基础上实施的。但是随着该产业的发展,很多微型机构发现单靠政府有限的资源是远远不能满足大部分贫困群体的资金需求,它们必须通过实现资金自足及发展可持续性的信贷计划才能达到长期可持续性发展,从而增加其对贫困群体服务的覆盖率。
[Abstract]:Microfinance was born in developing countries in the 1970s. Specifically, the first microcredit program was a volunteer by Mohamed Yunus, founder of Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, in Bangladesh and Anshun Yongnon ACCION International. Also launched in Brazil. The original purpose of these programs was to support microcredit, Helping low-income groups accumulate capital to set up their own businesses, so that they can make and accumulate certain investment profits, thus breaking the vicious circle of poverty against them. Microfinance has become an industry in Latin America and the rest of the world due to its large scale of development, especially in the Latin American region. Microfinance has higher interest rates and a stronger business orientation. More and more microfinance institutions seem to be more inclined to focus on their financial efficiency and sustainability. In order to play a better role in social value, the so-called financial self-sufficiency means that the income generated by micro-financial institutions from the operation of economic activities can cover all expenditures. This paper is divided into five chapters: chapter one, This paper briefly introduces the research background, the reason of selecting the topic, the literature review and the research methods adopted in this paper. Chapter two gives a detailed conclusion on the microfinance and its main financial products in Latin America. Secondly, it introduces the specific contents of the two dimensions of microfinance, and finally combs the emergence and development process of microfinance in Latin America. Chapter three takes the value and significance of microfinance as the perspective. The current situation and scale of the industry in Latin America and the impact of microproducts on the poor groups in the region are analyzed in detail. At the end of this chapter, some microfinance schemes launched in Mexico and Peru are taken as examples, respectively. The fourth chapter mainly focuses on the financial efficiency of microfinance institutions and puts forward the concept of sustainable development. Noting also the importance of institutional financial sustainability, and noting that the high lending rates prevailing in the Latin American region run counter to the aim of social poverty alleviation in microfinance, Then the article analyzes the internal factors that influence the interest rate, and tries to find out that the interest rate can be reduced. Finally, this chapter studies the effect and influence of government public policy on microfinance industry and microfinance activities. Chapter 5 is the conclusion of this paper. Microfinance has been responsible for improving the lives of poor people since its inception. Most of its credit programs are based on government subsidies and social donations. But as the industry develops, Many microinstitutions have found that the limited resources of governments alone are far from meeting the financial needs of most poor groups and that they must achieve long-term sustainability through self-financing and sustainable credit schemes. Thus increasing its coverage of services to poor groups.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F831.2
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本文编号：1649304