非认知能力对劳动者收入的影响：机制探讨和实证分析

发布时间：2018-05-01 15:40

本文选题：非认知能力 + 劳动力市场　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：当下我们所面临的是一个经济发展更加快速、技术变革更加频繁、合作沟通更加密切、工作节奏更加高强度的时代,仅仅具有高认知能力已不再是获得劳动力市场成功的充分条件,诸如坚毅、专注、成就动机等非认知能力正在扮演越来越重要的角色。遗憾的是,过去国内外的经济学家在讨论能力对劳动者收入的影响作用时,多数将主要精力放在了认知能力上,而忽视了非认知能力的重要影响。尤其是国内经济学界,有关非认知能力的实证研究几近空白。基于上述现实和理论背景,本文的工作主要旨在回答以下两个问题:第一,非认知能力对劳动者收入存在怎样的影响,作用机制和影响强度如何?第二,是什么原因导致了不同的劳动者之间在非认知能力方面存在差异?本文的主要研究内容及结论包括以下四个部分:首先,基于相关理论和现有文献,从间接机制(职业选择)和直接机制(工资收入)两条路径就非认知能力影响劳动者收入的作用机制进行理论分析和探讨。其次,利用2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)就非认知能力影响劳动者的职业选择(间接机制)进行实证检验。结果显示,非认知能力对劳动者进入劳动力市场之后的职业选择影响显著,非认知能力越优秀的劳动者普遍拥有更大的机会进入到相对更好的职业类别(包括成为“白领”职业从事者),从而获得更高的收入回报。同时,我们发现,认知能力可能仅对那些需要复杂脑力劳动的专业技术性工作影响显著,非认知能力则对更多的职业类别存在更广泛的影响作用,而不论工作内容是否复杂。再次,结合使用2012年和2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)就非认知能力影响劳动者的工资收入(直接机制)进行实证检验。结果显示,非认知能力对我国劳动者的工资收入存在显著的促进作用,即非认知能力更优秀的劳动者普遍获得了更高的工资回报。本文非认知能力的加总指标结果更显示,非认知能力对于劳动者工资收入的影响作用接近于传统人力资本的关注核心——教育年限,而对工资差异的解释力甚至超过了教育年限。此外,我们还发现非认知能力对劳动者工资收入的影响存在明显的性别差异。具体而言,情绪稳定性和宜人性对于女性劳动者可能更为重要,而尽责性则是男性劳动者更应该具备的。最后,基于2014年中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS)就家庭背景、非认知能力和劳动者收入三者之间的关系展开实证分析。结果显示,青少年时期的家庭背景和环境对子代非认知能力的形成具有重要影响,尤其是父亲的教育年限。同时,本文更有意义的发现在于,非认知能力是家庭背景影响子代收入水平的一种中间机制,即家庭背景在一定程度上通过影响非认知能力进而间接地影响着子代的收入水平。具体而言,家庭背景更好的子代倾向于拥有更强的非认知能力,而相对优秀的非认知能力又在劳动力市场上为他们带来了更高的收入回报。基于上述理论和实证分析结果,本文还针对性地提出了相应的政策建议,旨在全面提高我国劳动者的非认知能力,从而进一步增强他们在劳动力市场的核心竞争力。
[Abstract]:At the moment, what we are facing is an era of faster economic development, more frequent technological change, more close communication and more intense work rhythm. Only high cognitive ability is no longer the sufficient condition for the success of the labor market. The non cognitive ability, such as perseverance, special note and achievement motivation, is playing a more and more important role. It is an important role. Unfortunately, when economists at home and abroad discuss the impact of ability on workers' income, most of them focus on cognitive ability and ignore the important influence of non cognitive ability. Especially in domestic economic circles, the empirical research on non cognitive energy is almost blank. The main purpose of this paper is to answer the following two questions: first, what is the effect of non cognitive ability on workers' income, the mechanism of action and the intensity of influence? Second, what are the reasons that lead to differences in non cognitive abilities among different workers? The main contents and conclusions of this paper include The next four parts: first, based on the relevant theory and the existing literature, the mechanism of the effect of non cognitive ability on workers' income is theoretically analyzed and discussed from two paths of indirect mechanism (career choice) and direct mechanism (wage income). Secondly, the non cognitive ability to influence workers on the 2014 Chinese home tracking survey data (CFPS) is used. The results show that the non cognitive ability has a significant impact on the job selection after the workers enter the labor market, and the better workers with non cognitive ability generally have greater opportunities to enter a better career category (including the "white-collar" professional). At the same time, we found that cognitive ability may have a significant impact on professional and technical work that requires complex mental labour, while non cognitive abilities have a broader impact on more occupational categories, regardless of the complexity of the work. Again, the Chinese family tracking survey in 2012 and 2014 The data (CFPS) carries out an empirical test on the wage income (direct mechanism) of the non cognitive ability. The results show that the non cognitive ability has a significant effect on the wage income of the workers in China, that is, the workers with better non cognitive ability generally gain higher salary returns. Moreover, the effect of non cognitive ability on wage income of workers is close to the core of traditional human capital - education years, and the explanatory power of wage differentials is even more than the years of education. In addition, we also find that there is a significant gender difference in the effect of non cognitive ability on wage income. Emotional stability and agreeableness may be more important for female workers, and due diligence is more important for male workers. Finally, based on the Chinese comprehensive social survey data (CGSS) in 2014, an empirical analysis of the family background, non cognitive ability and the relationship between the three workers' income is carried out. The background and environment have an important influence on the formation of the non cognitive ability of the offspring, especially the year of the father's education. At the same time, the more meaningful discovery in this paper is that the non cognitive ability is a middle mechanism of family background affecting the income level of the offspring, that is, the family background is indirectly influenced by the influence of non cognitive ability in a certain range. The income level of the offspring. In particular, the better family background is inclined to have a stronger non cognitive ability, and the relatively good non cognitive ability brings them higher income in the labor market. Based on the above theory and the empirical analysis, this paper also puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions. In order to further enhance the non cognitive ability of workers in China, we can further enhance their core competitiveness in the labor market.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2

【参考文献】