数字骨科技术在骨科辅助治疗中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 01:37

本文关键词：数字骨科技术在骨科辅助治疗中的应用研究　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：数字化骨科学是临床骨科与计算机技术紧密结合的新兴交叉学科,具体包含虚拟仿真手术、虚拟现实与可视化技术、骨科有限元分析技术、3D打印技术等,被广泛应用于骨科辅助治疗方面,具有巨大的应用前景及意义。本文主要研究了三个方面的内容。1、研究了骨骼的3D打印模型精度误差。从骨骼的DICOM医学数字图像到骨骼的3D打印模型,引起误差的原因主要有扫描层距、拟合参数、打印层厚累积、材料自身性能等。分析结果表明减小CT扫描层距可提高三维重建模型精度;在Mimics中三维重建时,拟合参数的选择也会对三维重建模型的精度产生影响;3D打印加工工艺对骨骼的3D打印模型有很大影响,不同的材料对精度的影响不同,应该根据骨骼模型的用途选择合适的加工工艺。2、研究了虚拟现实技术、3D打印技术在骨折辅助治疗中的应用。利用CT数据DICOM医学图像,对Pilon骨折进行三维重构,通过对每层mask进行细致的编辑实现骨折碎块的分离,建立骨折碎块三维模型,并对其进行处理以获取高质量的三维模型。(1)在虚拟现实系统中,利用各个骨折碎块三维模型完成术前策划;(2)采用3D打印加工工艺打印出重构的三维模型,利用3D打印模型进行术前策划。通过术前策划,手术医生能够直观地观察到手术部位,提前规划手术方案,为治疗提供可靠的依据。术前策划具有重要的参考价值,尤其是在选择合适的手术入路及接骨板方面。相比虚拟现实系统中进行术前策划,3D打印模型进行术前策划更方便、直观。3、研究了人体脊柱-椎间融合钉棒系统中椎间融合材料的力学性能。建立脊柱-椎间融合钉棒系统有限元模型、人体脊柱有限元模型,其中有限元模型中椎间融合材料分别为自体颗粒骨、PEEK椎间融合器、空白,分析PEEK椎间融合器、自体颗粒骨的应力变化,并与正常人体脊柱对比,验证在站姿状态下,自体颗粒骨的力学性能与PEEK椎间融合器的力学性能相近,椎间融合材料采用自体骨进行腰椎后路手术时,自体骨能起到有效的力学支撑。
[Abstract]:Digital orthopedics is a new interdisciplinary subject which closely combines clinical orthopedics and computer technology, including virtual simulation surgery, virtual reality and visualization technology, orthopedic finite element analysis technology and 3D printing technology. Has been widely used in orthopedic adjuvant treatment, has a huge application prospects and significance. This paper mainly studied three aspects of content .1. The accuracy error of 3D printing model of bone was studied. From DICOM medical digital image of bone to 3D print model of bone, the main causes of error were scanning interval, fitting parameters and printing layer thickness accumulation. The analysis results show that the accuracy of 3D reconstruction model can be improved by decreasing CT scan slice distance. In Mimics 3D reconstruction, the choice of fitting parameters will also affect the accuracy of 3D reconstruction model. The 3D printing process has great influence on the 3D printing model of bone. Different materials have different effects on the accuracy. The appropriate processing technology .2 should be selected according to the use of the bone model. The application of virtual reality (VR) technique and 3D printing technique in adjuvant treatment of fracture was studied. Three-dimensional reconstruction of Pilon fracture was carried out by using CT data DICOM medical images. Through the careful editing of each layer of mask to achieve the separation of fracture fragments, the three-dimensional model of fracture fragments is established, and processed to obtain high-quality three-dimensional model. 1) in the virtual reality system. Three dimensional model of each fracture fragment was used to complete the preoperative planning. 2) 3D printing process was used to print out the reconstructed 3D model, and 3D printing model was used to plan before operation. Through preoperative planning, the surgeon could observe the operation position intuitively. Preoperative planning has important reference value, especially in choosing appropriate surgical approach and bone plate. Compared with virtual reality system, preoperative planning is more important than virtual reality system. 3D printing model is more convenient and intuitionistic to plan before operation. The mechanical properties of intervertebral fusion material in human spinal / intervertebral fusion screw rod system are studied. The finite element model of spinal / intervertebral fusion screw rod system is established. The finite element model of human spine, in which the material of intervertebral fusion is autologous granular bone peek fusion cage, blank, analysis of PEEK interbody fusion cage, autologous granular bone stress changes. Compared with normal human spine, the mechanical properties of autologous granular bone were similar to that of PEEK fusion cage under standing posture, and the intervertebral fusion material was used for posterior lumbar vertebrae surgery with autologous bone. Autogenous bone can play an effective mechanical support.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R68;TP391.73;TP391.9

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