泰国与中国主要葛根品种的对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 09:14

本文关键词：泰国与中国主要葛根品种的对比研究　出处：《北京中医药大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:通过中泰两国有关常用葛根的文献调研、整理、挖掘,了解葛根在两国不同品种的分布情况、炮制与贮藏、功能主治、临床应用、用法用量及现代研究情况。从多个方面比较中泰两国各自常用葛根情况,弥补此方面研究的缺失,并有利于中泰两国科学家仅临床学者相互交流借鉴彼此优势,提升葛根的整体研究及使用水平为进一步深入研究奠定基础。方法:中国方面,以《中华医典》、中国知网、万方数据库、北京中医药大学图书馆为主要检索目标及手段检索中国野葛相关资料。泰国方面,以Google Scholar、Pubmed、ScienceDirect、JSTOR、泰国传统学图书馆为主要检索目标及手段系统检索收集整理泰国白葛根相关资料。通过文献查阅、史料考证、实地考察、专家咨询、文献研究等方式在中泰两国葛根品种、基源、炮制、临床应用等方式进行总结整理归纳及对比研究。结果:品种方面,中国葛属品种为8个品种及2个变种,泰国葛属品种为10个品种。中国对葛根品种方面记载要早于泰国,其中古代由于没有提到任何关于葛根品种的划分与鉴别,因此当时普遍认为葛根仅有一个品种,并仅区分野生与家种、以及有关地域植物生长不同的相关记载。泰国古代将葛根分为4种,分别为白葛根、红葛根、黑葛根、么葛根。现如今中泰两国作为药用正品来源的葛属植物,都同样仅有一种,中国葛根为野葛 Pueraria loata,泰国白葛根为 Pueraria mirca。炮制方面,中国与泰国传统医学由于理论及概念上的不同,使得在炮制上存在差异,并特点明确。中国野葛的炮制方法分为生用与煨用,均作为汤剂使用。泰国白葛根的炮制方法为将白葛根达成粉状后与蜂蜜或其它泰药融合,再制成丸剂。贮藏方面,中国与泰国贮藏方法同为置于通风干燥处,预防虫蛀。功能主治方面,中国研究历史更为悠久,因此在功效方面中国比泰国拥有更为丰富的经验。中国与泰国功效有相似的记载,如具有退热、解表(治感冒)、止渴、治疗痘疹、解动物咬伤、解毒功效。但功效的不同部分在于,中国葛根具有解酒毒、升阳止泻、止血痢、堕胎等。泰国白葛根则具有返老还童、改善睡眠、促进食欲、抗衰老、抗皱纹、丰胸、强身健体等。临床方面中国古代临床应用主要为发表解肌、升阳透疹、解热生津、活血通络,中国现代主要作为治疗心脑血管疾病、高血压、糖尿病等疾病。泰国古代临床应用主要为返老还童、嫩肤作用、治疗失眠等,泰国现代主要作为治疗更年期综合征。制剂应用方面,中国野葛与泰国白葛根相同点为均拥有传统剂型。不同之处在于中国剂型发展的更快,至今已经研发出更具有稳定性、可控性、有效性、安全性的葛根新剂型,如经皮给药制剂、注射液等。泰国则在剂型方面主要为传统剂型的丸剂、胶囊剂,并没有新剂型的研发。用法用量方面,中国野葛所采用的是内服的汤剂与外用的捣敷,而泰国白葛根采用的是内服的丸剂与胶囊剂。安全用量方面,中国野葛药用用量规定在10～15g。泰国白葛药用用量规定在1～2mg/kg或50～100mg/day。按以上中国与泰国所规定的安全用量用药,则不会产生药物过敏症状。现代研究方面包含了化学成分与药理作用两个部分。其中国野葛与泰国白葛根主要有效成分均为异黄酮类化合物——葛根素、大豆苷、染料木素等。不同点为泰国白葛根还含有起到雌激素样作用的葛雌素。药理作用方面也大致相同,如雌激素样作用,改善学习记忆作用、降压作用等。不同之处为中国野葛药理作用方面更加突出葛根对心血管系统作用、中枢神经系统作用、降血糖及降血脂作用等,泰国白葛根则更突出雌激素样作用、丰胸作用、抗骨质疏松作用等。结论:中泰两国在文化、地域以及使用葛根上面,存在许许多多的不同。甚至品种也不同,这使得在用药时也难以相同,也导致在主治病症方面各自不同。泰国白葛根传统药用主要作为返老还童药、长寿药,泰国现代药用则主要作为缓解妇女更年期综合征的药物。中国野葛传统药用主要用于解肌退热、生津止渴、疗金疮、解酒毒、发表透疹、升阳止泻,中国现代药用则作为心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、眼科疾病。两国值得相互学习与探讨的部分为,中国是否可以把野葛作为药用保健品,从而提高更年期妇女雌激素作用,以此缓解妇女更年期综合征?是否可以把野葛作为更便于每日服用的制剂?泰国是否可以把白葛根作为治疗外感疾病、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、眼科疾病等?是否可以学习中国野葛的具有稳定性、可控制、有效性和安全性新制剂?众多方面,双方科学家都可以突破,交流,学习,未来在更多有关课题的研究上,进行更多的交流,使得两个葛根大国可以互帮互助,同发展同进步。
[Abstract]:Objective: through Thailand on commonly used puerarin literature research, collation, mining, knowledge distribution in two different varieties of radix puerariae, processing and storage, indications, clinical application, usage situation and modern research. From the aspects of comparison between China and Thailand are commonly used puerarin, compensate for lack of research in this area, and to Thailand scientists only clinical scholar exchanges to learn from each other, enhance the overall level of research and use of kudzu which lays a solid foundation for further study. Methods: Chinese, with "Chinese medical classics", China CNKI, Wanfang database, the library of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as the main search target and means of retrieval related data. China Pueraria lobata in Thailand, to Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Thailand traditional school library retrieval system as the main target and means of collecting the retrieval of Thailand white Puerarin related data. Through literature review, historical research, field investigation, expert consultation, literature research methods in China and Thailand Pueraria varieties, origin, processing, and other ways to summarize the clinical application of induction and comparison. Results: the varieties, China Pueraria varieties into 8 species and 2 varieties in Thailand Ge species for the 10 varieties. Chinese records of Pueraria varieties earlier in Thailand, the ancient because no mention of any classification and identification of Radix Puerariae varieties, it was generally believed that puerarin only one species, and only the distinction between wild and cultivated, and the relevant regional records of different plant growth. Thailand ancient kudzu divided into 4 kinds, which are white kudzu, Pueraria Pueraria red, black, or material. Now Thailand as a source of genuine medicinal Pueraria, are also only a Chinese for Pueraria loat of Pueraria lobata A, Thailand Pueraria mirca. white Pueraria China processing, and Thailand traditional medicine because of the different theories and concepts, which are different in the processing, and clear characteristics. China processing methods are divided into students with kudzu Decoction were used as simmer, processing methods. Thailand white as white Pueraria Pueraria reached powder with honey or other Thai medicine fusion, made pills. Storage, storage methods China with Thailand is placed in ventilated and dry place, prevent infestation. Functions, China research has a long history, so in effect in the country than in Thailand has a rich experience. Chinese have similar records and Thailand has the effect, such as fever, diaphoresis (cold), thirst, treatment of pox, solution of animal bites, detoxification effect. But the effect of different parts is Chinese with Pueraria antialcoholism, Shengyang Zhixie, hemostasis dysentery, abortion and Thailand. China has white Pueraria rejuvenation, improve sleep, promote appetite, anti-aging, anti wrinkle, breast enhancement, physical fitness. The clinical application of clinical China published mainly by ancient jieji, sun Touzhen, antipyretic fluid, Huoxue Tongluo, modern China mainly as the treatment of cardio cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and other diseases in ancient Thailand. The main clinical application for rejuvenation, rejuvenation, treatment of insomnia, modern Thailand mainly as the treatment of menopausal syndrome. Pharmaceutical applications, the same China kudzu and Thailand white Pueraria point have traditional forms. The difference is that faster Chinese formulation development, has been developed with more stability, controllability and effectiveness. Ge Genxin forms of security, such as transdermal drug delivery preparation, injection and so on. Thailand is in the main form of pills, traditional dosage form of capsule, R & D and no new dosage form. The amount of usage, China kudzu is used Decoction and topical oral administration of Thailand and the white pound deposited, kudzu is used oral pills and capsules. The safe dosage, Chinese medicinal dosage prescribed in Pueraria lobata 10 ~ 15g. Thailand white medicinal dosage Ge prescribed in the 1 ~ 2mg/kg or 50 ~ 100mg/day. according to the amount of medication safety the above Chinese and Thailand regulations, will not produce the drug allergy symptoms. Modern research contains two parts. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Puerarin lobata and Chinese Thailand white are the main effective components of isoflavonoids of puerarin, daidzein, genistein. Different points for the Thailand white Pueraria contains up the estrogenic effects of miroestrol. Pharmacological effects are the same, such as estrogen like effect, improve the function of learning and memory, such as antihypertensive effect. The difference for Chinese kudzu Pharmacological Action Party More prominent role of Puerarin on the cardiovascular system, central nervous system effects, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Thailand, Bai Gegen is more prominent estrogen like effects, breast enhancement effect, anti osteoporosis effect. Conclusion: Thailand in regional culture, and using puerarin above, there are many different varieties are different even., which makes the drug to the same, also lead to different indications. In Thailand white medicinal puerarin mainly as a Rejuvenator, longevity medicine, Thailand modern medicinal mainly as a remedy for women climacteric syndrome. Chinese kudzu is mainly used for traditional medicinal jieji fever, thirst, sore treatment, alcohol toxicity published, Touzhen, Chinese sun diarrhea, modern medicinal as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, eye diseases. The two countries are worth learning from each other and discussion part, whether Chinese You can put kudzu as medicinal health products, so as to improve the effect of estrogen in menopausal women, in order to alleviate menopausal syndrome? Whether can be as more convenient for daily use of kudzu preparations? Whether Thailand can take Bai Gegen as the treatment of exogenous diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, eye disease? Whether can learn with stability, can control the Chinese Pueraria lobata, effectiveness and safety of new preparations? Many aspects, both scientists can breakthrough, communication, learning, in the future more research on the subject, more exchanges, the two big puerarin can help each other, with the development and progress.

【学位授予单位】：北京中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R282.71

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