四川省优秀田径运动员备战天津全运会训练周期伤病损伤调查与分析

发布时间：2018-05-11 04:31

本文选题：田径运动员 + 运动损伤　；参考：《成都体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景和目的:运动员在日常训练以及激烈的比赛中经常伴随着运动损伤的出现,伤病损伤往往困扰着运动员的训练生活,对其运动生涯形成阻力。一旦损伤出现,队员正常的训练课就不能保质保量完成,训练目的就无法达到,由于运动损伤的出现使教练员本来周期性的训练计划不能正常实施,之前期望达到的训练目标可能就无法实现,训练结果达不到预期标准,比赛成绩也就没有新的突破,运动生涯进入不了新高度,同时也影响着田径运动的发展。因此为了了解四川优秀田径运动员在训练或赛事中出现的运动损伤、相关部位、相同类项目易发生的损伤伤病等,本文以四川运动技术学院田径系运动员作为对象,以上述问题进行调查研究,为预防运动损伤,促进四川田径发展提供参考。研究方法:本文采用问卷调查和访谈法,对四川田径队60名运动员根据训练课以及比赛中出现的运动损伤情况进行研究。将运动员分为四大类项目:跑步类、跳跃类、投掷类以及全能类。分别对其损伤部位、次数、频率、易发生的场合以及季节、损伤的类型、损伤对平时训练的影响,以及损伤原因的问题所在,归纳相同类项目田径运动员的伤病共性进行分析等。研究结果:1.损伤易发生的场合和季节:跑步类运动损伤主要发生的场合为专项训练,占51.3%,主要季节在夏季,占48.6%;跳跃类运动损伤主要发生的场合为技术训练,主要季节在秋季,均占57.1%;全能类运动损伤主要发生的场合为技术训练,占71.4%,主要季节在冬季,占42.8%;投掷类运动损伤主要发生的场合为专项训练,主要季节在冬季,均占62.5%。2.损伤的类型和性质:跑步类运动损伤主要以肌肉拉伤和劳损为主,分别占56.7%和40.5%,其中慢性占37.8%急性转慢性占35.1%;跳跃类运动损伤主要以肌肉拉伤和劳损为主,分别占28.5%和71.4%,其中急性和慢性均占42.8%;投掷类运动损伤主要以肌肉拉伤和劳损为主,分别为50.0%和62.5%,其中急性有37.5%,慢性有62.5%;全能类运动损伤主要以肌肉拉伤、韧带损伤和劳损为主,肌肉拉伤和韧带损伤占42.8%劳损占57.1%,其中急性占57.1%,慢性占28.5%。3.根据损伤部位比例的高低分别为:跑步类为大腿、足踝、膝关节、腰部等;跳跃类为足踝,膝关节、大腿、腰部等;投掷类为腰部、膝关节、足踝、肩部等;全能类为足踝部、腰部、大腿、膝关节等。4.易损伤部位的主要伤病:跑步类大腿部的股后群肌损伤,足踝部的踝关节韧带损伤,踝关节创伤性关节炎,膝关节的膝外侧疼痛综合征,腰部的肌肉急性拉伤;跳跃类足踝部的急性踝关节韧带损伤、跟腱炎、踝部腱鞘炎,半月板损伤,髌骨周围处损伤,大腿部的股后群肌损伤;投掷类腰部的腰肌劳损,膝关节的半月板损伤,前交叉韧带损伤,肩部的肱二头肌长头腱腱鞘炎;全能类足踝部的外侧韧带损伤,腰部的腰肌劳损,大腿部的半腱肌损伤。5.损伤的主要原因:训练、技术、生理心里以及其他因素,多因素一起出现。研究结论:四川省运动技术学院田径系运动员损伤情况比较普遍,损伤发生的场合以专项技术训练为主,夏秋冬季较易发生损伤;损伤类型以肌肉拉伤和劳损为主,损伤性质以急性,慢性为主;运动生涯增长损伤次数也在变多,损伤和年限成正相关;相同项目类运动员运动损伤好发部位及伤病存在一定的共性。
[Abstract]:Research background and purpose: athletes often accompany with sports injuries in daily training and fierce competition. Injuries and injuries often perplex the athletes' training and life, and form resistance to their sports career. Once the injury occurs, the normal training course of the players can not be guaranteed, the training purpose can not be achieved, because of the movement of the training purpose. The occurrence of dynamic injury makes the coach's original training plan can not be carried out normally. The training goals expected before the training may not be realized, the training results can not reach the expected standard, the result of the competition also has no new breakthrough, the sports career can not enter the new height, but also affects the development of the track and field. Sichuan excellent track and field athletes in training or events in the sports injury, related parts, the same category of injury and injury easily occur. This article takes the athletes of the track and field Department of the Sichuan Sports Technical College as the object of investigation and research to provide reference for preventing sports injury and promoting the development of Sichuan track and field. By means of questionnaire and interview, 60 athletes of Sichuan track and field team were studied according to the training course and the sports injury in the competition. The athletes were divided into four categories: running, jumping, throwing and all-around. The damage location, number, frequency, prone situation, season, damage class respectively. Type, the impact of injury on normal training, and the problems of the cause of injury, and the analysis of the common injuries and diseases of the track and field athletes in the same category. The results are as follows: 1. the prone situations and seasons: the main occurrence of running injuries is special training, accounting for 51.3%, the main season in summer, 48.6%; jumping sports. The main season of injury is technical training, the main season in autumn is 57.1%, the main occurrence of all kinds of sports injuries is technical training, accounting for 71.4%, the main season is in winter, accounting for 42.8%. The main occurrence of throwing sports injury is special training, the main season is in winter, which accounts for the type and nature of 62.5%.2. damage. The main injuries were muscle strain and strain, which accounted for 56.7% and 40.5%, respectively, of which 37.8% were chronic and 35.1% were chronic. The main injuries were muscle strain and strain, which accounted for 28.5% and 71.4%, respectively, among which the acute and chronic 42.8% were both acute and chronic. 50% and 62.5%, of which 37.5% were acute, and 62.5% were chronic. All the main injuries were muscle strain, ligament injury and strain, muscle injury and ligament injury accounted for 57.1% of the 42.8% strain, of which 57.1% were acute, and chronic 28.5%.3. according to the proportion of damaged parts: running for thighs, ankle, knee, waist. The jumping class is the ankle, knee, thigh, waist, etc; the throwing class is the waist, the knee, the ankle, the shoulder, etc. all the major injuries of the.4. are the ankle, the waist, the thigh, the knee joint, and so on: the posterior femoral muscle injury in the running thigh, the ankle ligament injury in the ankle, the ankle joint, knee joint arthritis, and the knee joint. Lateral pain syndrome, acute muscular injury of the lumbar muscles, acute ankle ligament injury in the leaping ankle, tendinitis, tenosynovitis of the ankle, meniscus injury, patellar injury, posterior femoral muscle injury in the thigh, lumbar muscle strain at the waist, meniscus injury of the knee joint, anterior cruciate ligament injury, and long biceps brachii on the shoulder Tenosynovitis of the head; the main causes of.5. damage in the lateral ligaments of the omnipotent foot and ankle, lumbar muscle strain at the waist and the semitendinosus injury in the thigh: training, technology, physiology and other factors together. Conclusions: the damage of athletes in the Athletics Department of Sichuan Institute of sports technology is more common and the field of injury occurs. In summer and autumn winter and winter are more vulnerable to injury; injury types are mainly muscle strain and strain, and the injury nature is acute and chronic; the number of injuries in sports career growth is also more, damage and years are positively related, and there are certain common features of the good location and injury of sports injury in the same project type athletes.

【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G82;R873

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