《正统道藏》四辅医药文献整理与研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 09:17

本文选题：道教 + 四辅　；参考：《北京中医药大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：道教是唯一脱胎于中国古代传统文化的宗教,无论是从教义、历史和传统来说皆异于佛教、伊斯兰教、基督教这三大主流宗教,具有其自身的独特性。道教医药经过近两千年的历史沉淀,形成了上至医药理论和养生哲学,下至具体的养生技术和方法的医药养生文化。正如习近平总书记说:"中医药学凝聚着深邃的哲学智慧和中华民族几千年的健康养生理念及其实践经验,是中国古代科学的瑰宝,也是打开中华文明宝库的钥匙。"道教医药在广义中医药领域中占有一席之地,是道教徒逾千年的医药实践经验的不断总结。道教医药,特别是它的养生哲学和具体的养生方法是中国人民健康的理论指导和具体实践借鉴。因此,加快对道教医药的文献整理与研究和完善其养生文化体系是迫在眉睫的。《正统道藏》是明代对明以前道教经籍书文的一次巨大总结,囊括了许多含有中医药知识的文献资料。这些丰富的药物和药方知识少数集中见于《正统道藏》收录的药方专著中,多数散见于非医药学专著的道书中,故亟需对它们进行一次系统的梳理,以备理论研究和临床实践借鉴之用。虽然这些医药相关文献所记载的部分药物和药方在实际功效方面仍有待商榷,但是大部分药物和药方在当今依然具备一定理论价值和实践意义。纵观前人对《正统道藏》的研究,多数出发点是以道教教义和修炼体系为其研究核心。先前的同类研究往往单独运用文献学方法或道教学方法,较少结合中医学、中药学、统计学的方法,故可从中医药学理论出发对《正统道藏》中的医药知识进行整理分析。在学科交叉的基础上,医药文献的整理研究可能会获得更多的突破。本文在研究过程中使用文献学、中医学、统计学、道教学、宗教学等多学科交叉研究的方法,对所选医药文献资料进行分类整理和编目。目前已有对《正统道藏》的针灸文献整理,《洞神》、《洞真》、《洞玄》、《太玄》四个部分医药文献梳理,但对《正统道藏》的四辅中《太平》、《正一》、《太清》三个部分的医药文献的系统整理与研究尚无。鉴于陈国符先生已经对《正统道藏》中炼丹所用铅汞之属进行了系统整理研究,其他学者对针灸、服食、导引等方面进行了探讨,所以,本研究的内容仅专注于《正统道藏》四辅中出现的中药和药方,暂且不研究专事铅汞等药味的外丹之术,亦不考虑被收入此书的却同是中医学界所熟知几部医药学专著。统计结果显示,《正统道藏》四辅共收道家文献448篇,其中《太玄部》117篇,《太平部》66篇,《太清部》25篇,《正一部》240篇。四辅所涉医药文献数量为78种,《太玄部》中有明确药物或方剂记载的文献有10篇,《太平部》中有明确药物或方剂记载的文献有26篇,《太清部》无明确药物或方剂记载的文献,《正一部》中有明确药物或方剂记载的文献有43篇。在《正统道藏》四辅部分中(除太玄、太清),《太平部》共计收录中药140余种,涉及药方110余个;《正一部》共计收录中药约300种,涉及药方约80个。总体来说,文献中对单独的某一味的功效记载较少见,对药方的理论探讨语句亦不多见。诚然,这些中药和药方知识带有一定的宗教色彩,但是它们的价值不能因此被全盘否定。
[Abstract]:Taoism is the only religion born out of ancient Chinese traditional culture. It is different from Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity, which are different from Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. The Taoism medicine has its own unique characteristics. After nearly two thousand years of history, Taoist medicine has formed into the medicine theory and health philosophy, from the three to the specific health technology. As the general secretary of Xi Jinping said, "Chinese medicine is a treasure of Chinese ancient science and the key to open the treasure house of Chinese civilization." Taoist medicine occupies a place in the broad field of traditional Chinese medicine. The Taoist medicine, especially its health care philosophy and the specific methods of health maintenance, is the theoretical guidance and concrete practice of the Chinese people. Therefore, it is imminent to speed up the literature collation and Research on Taoist medicine and improve its health culture system. In the Ming Dynasty, a great summary of the books of Taoism in the Ming Dynasty was summarized, and many documents containing the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine were included. Although some drugs and prescriptions recorded in these medical literature are still open to discussion, most of the drugs and prescriptions still have some theoretical and practical significance today. The former research is the core of its research. Previous studies of the same kind often use literature method or teaching method alone, less combined with traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese pharmacy and statistical methods, so we can organize and analyze the medical knowledge of "orthodox Taoism" from the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. There may be more breakthroughs in the study. In the course of the study, we use the methods of bibliography, traditional Chinese medicine, statistics, Taoism, religion and other interdisciplinary research methods to classify and catalogued the selected medical literature. At present, there have been four acupuncture literature collation of "orthodox Taoism", < Dong Shen > < Dong Zhen >, < Dong Xuan >, < Tai Xuan >. Some medical literature was combed, but there was no systematic arrangement and Research on the medical literature of the three parts of the four subsidiary of "orthodox Taoism", "Taiping >" "Zhengyi >" and "Taiqing". In view of Mr. Chen Guofu's systematic study on the genus lead mercury used in "orthodox Taoism" and "middle alchemy", other scholars have discussed acupuncture, feeding and guidance. Therefore, the content of this study is only focused on the traditional Chinese medicine and prescription in the four secondary schools, and does not study the treatment of drug flavors such as lead and mercury, but does not consider the fact that the book has been known as a number of pharmacology books which are well known by the Chinese traditional Chinese medicine. The statistical results show that < Zheng Tong Taoism > four co collection of Taoist literature; < Tai Xuan > Section >117, < >66 from the Taiping department, >25 of the Taiqing department, < the first part of the >240. The number of the medical literature involved in the four subsidiary is 78. There are 10 articles in the "Taiping ministry" with definite drugs or prescriptions. There are 26 articles in the Taiping department, which have definite drugs or prescriptions, < Tai Qing > no definite drugs or prescription records, < Zhengyi Department > >. There are 43 documents recorded in the medicine or prescription. In the "orthodox Taoism", the four auxiliary parts (except taixuan, Taiqing), and the Taiping Department include more than 140 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, involving more than 110 medicinal herbs; < Zhengyi > about 300 kinds of Chinese medicine, involving about 80 medicines. It is true that the knowledge of Chinese medicine and prescriptions is somewhat religious, but their value can not be totally negated.
【学位授予单位】：北京中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R2-5

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