茶性、茶效与茶用的文献研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 14:55
【摘要】：茶叶是山茶科、山茶属(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze)植物的叶片,中国古代可食用、饮用,也可入药。近年来,随着人们对健康关注度的提高,茶的药理作用及其养生保健作用也备受关注。从传统中医学角度看,茶性之寒温、茶叶的药用及饮茶宜忌等相关问题的研究较少或缺乏系统性,因此,本研究从文献学角度,对传统中医本草和方书中茶叶相关文献进行梳理,并参考茶学、农学相关知识做出分析。方法:采用文献学的方法,以"茶""茗""荼""[木茶]"为关键词,分别检索历代本草文献中茶叶性味、归经、功效和宜忌的相关内容,代表性方书中含茶药方的相关记载,并参考茶学、农学、地方志等相关文献进行分析。其中"代茶"(非山茶科植物代茶饮用)如薄荷茶、枸杞叶茶、葱茶、荆芥茶等内容不纳入研究范围。主要检索书目:(1)本草文献:主要参考《中国本草全书》所收录的历代本草专著、民族本草和域外本草,以及方书、医籍、地方志、农书、类书、佛道书籍中本草部分。(2)方书:主要选取《备急千金要方》《千金翼方》《外台秘要》《太平圣惠方》《太平惠民和剂局方》《圣济总录》《普济方》和《医宗金鉴》为参考。(3)茶学专著:参考《中国茶书全集校证》和《中国古代茶书集成》所收录的从唐代至清末114种茶学专著。结果:(1)茶叶性味归经:历代共159条"茶性"相关记载,其中言茶性寒凉者144条(90.57%),言茶性温热者15条(9.43%)。历代141条"茶味"相关记载,认为茶味"苦甘" "甘苦"或"微苦微甘"者96条(68.09%),认为茶味"苦"者29条(20.58%),认为茶味"甘"者10条(7.09%)。元代张元素《脏腑标本用药式》最早提出茶叶脏腑用药,王好古《汤液本草》最早明确提出茶叶归经。明清本草文献有64条茶叶归经的记载,归心包、肝经(手足厥阴经)者29条(45.31%),归心、肺经(手少阴太阴经)者11条(17.19%),归肾、胃经(足少阴阳明经)者5条(7.81%)。(2)茶叶功效:现存最早记载茶叶功效的本草专著是南北朝陶弘景的《本草经集注》,最早将茶叶单独列条记载其功效的书籍是唐代孙思邈的《备急千金要方》。从唐到清代共129部本草文献记载了茶叶功效,按出现频次以解渴(100)、消食(95)、祛痰(93)、解热(93)、清头目(82)、利小便(80)、醒睡(78)、下气(74)和治瘘疮(60)等最为常见。(3)饮茶宜忌:从唐到清代有64部本草文献记载了饮茶宜忌相关内容,其中饮茶之宜主要有宜饮热茶(25条)、宜少饮茶(11条)、宜饮好茶(10条)等;饮茶之忌包括忌饮茶过多(52条)、忌空腹饮茶(30条)、忌饮冷茶(24条)、忌酒后饮茶(22条)、忌饮劣质茶(16条)以及虚弱之人忌饮茶(13条)等。从配伍的角度,古籍中强调食用盐、韭菜与服用榧子、土茯苓、威灵仙、使君子和斑蝥时要忌茶,但原因或机理语焉不详。(4)茶叶在药方中的应用:上述8本方书中共计收录1018首含茶药方,包括以茶组方(130首,其中茶叶单方16首、含茶复方114首)和茶送服方(888首)。这些含茶药方的主治病证范围涉及119种,最常见于头痛(139首,13.65%)、眼疾(130 首,12.77%)、疮疡(61 首,5.99%)和痢疾(48 首,4.72%)等。结论:(1)本草和方书中记载的茶叶以绿茶为主,直到清代本草文献中才出现绿茶以外的其它茶类。主要有普洱茶和安化茶属黑茶类,六安茶可能为黄茶类,武夷茶可能为青茶类或红茶类。(2)茶性"寒凉"是古代医家的普遍认识,传统医学文献中未见"绿茶性寒,红茶性温"的记载。本草文献中记载"性温"的茶仅有蒙顶茶、武夷茶、普洱茶、安化茶和泸茶5种,但其立论多与茶叶产地、宗教传说和贮藏时间等因素相关,而与现代制茶工艺及茶叶功效无涉,且古籍所谓茶"性温"之温,系指"温和"之意,而非传统药性之"温热"。(3)茶作为药食两用物品,以饮用为主,也可药用和食用。茶饮兴起并成为一种嗜好品,主要缘于其"醒睡"功效。除此以外,饮茶还具有解渴、消食、祛痰、解热、清头目、利小便等作用,少数民族饮食滋腻,多借茶以消食化积。但茶作为药物的作用并不突出,含茶药方中茶叶的用量不大,且多为"以茶送服方",主治病证则以头痛、眼疾、疮疡和痢疾最为常见。(4)"服药不饮茶"之说为民间俗传,传统中医学无"服药不饮茶"的绝对禁忌,这或许是医家劝人少饮茶的托词。古代医家认为,茶性苦寒,饮茶过多则损害脾胃,销锞精血、膏脂,导致"茶癖"而见血不华色甚至面色萎黄、消瘦、腹泄等症。从现代营养学、茶学和药理学角度综合分析,饮茶主要目的在于提高中枢神经的兴奋度而振奋精神,不过量饮茶的标准以3～5g茶叶(约60～200mg咖啡因)为度,宜服药后宜间隔一定时间如30min再饮茶。
[Abstract]:Tea is the leaf of the Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze plant of the family Camellia family. In ancient China, it is edible, drinking and medicable. In recent years, with the improvement of health care, the pharmacological effects and health care of tea are also paid much attention. From the traditional Chinese medicine perspective, the cold temperature of tea sex, the medicinal and tea drinking of tea are easy to avoid. The research of the related problems is less or lack of systematicness. Therefore, from the literature point of view, this study combs the related literature of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and Fang Shu, and makes analysis of the related knowledge of tea and agronomy. Methods: using the method of literature, the literature of "tea" "tea" "tea" "[wood tea]" is used as the key word to retrieve the literature of the past dynasties. The related contents of tea flavor, return, effect and pleasant, including the related records of tea prescription in the representative book, and the related literature of tea, agronomy, and local chronicles, are analyzed. Among them, the content of "generation tea" (non camellia tea for tea drinking) such as mint tea, Lycium barbarum tea, onion tea, and chincha tea are not included in the research scope. 1) materia medica Literature: the main reference to the ancient herbs of Chinese herbs, national herbs and extraterritorial herbs, and the books, medical books, local records, agricultural books, books, and Buddhist books. (2) the main selection of the books: the main selection of a thousand gold parties > thousand gold wing Fang > Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang > Tai Ping Huimin and agents > < St. Francis. The total record > < Pu Ji Fang > and < medical Zong Jian > as reference. (3) tea monograph: 114 tea books from the Tang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty. Results: (1) the tea flavor is classified into 159 "tea" records, including 144 tea cold and cold people (90.57%), and 15 tea warm hot men. 9.43%). 141 "tea taste" records of the past generation, the tea taste "bitter sweet" "bitter" or "bitter slightly bitter sweet" 96 (68.09%), the tea taste "bitter" 29 (20.58%), the tea taste "sweet" 10 (7.09%). The Yuan Dynasty Zhang Yuansu < Fu Fu Zang Fu style > the earliest tea viscera medicine, Wang Hao Gu < Decoction of soup liquid > the earliest clear tea return to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing first clearly put forward tea to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing first clearly put forward tea to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming and Qing There are 64 records of the herbal literature, 29 (45.31%), 11 (17.19%), 5 (7.81%) to the kidney and the stomach meridian (7.81%). (2) the earliest existing herbal monograph that records the effect of tea is the earliest of the north and South Dynasty Tao Hongjing's "herb", the earliest From Tang to Qing Dynasty, 129 books from Tang to Qing dynasty recorded the effect of tea, from Tang to Qing Dynasty, 129 books of herbal medicine recorded the efficacy of tea, according to the frequency of thirst (100), digestion (95), dispelling phlegm (93), antipyretic (93), clearing head (82), Li Xiaoshi (80), waking sleep (78), Qi (74) and fistula ulcer (60). (3) drink tea. Taboo: from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were 64 herbal documents to record the relevant content of drinking tea, among which tea was suitable to drink hot tea (25), drink tea (11), drink good tea (10), and drink tea, including too much tea (52), drink tea (30), avoid cold tea (24), drink tea (22) and avoid inferior tea (16). And the weak people should not drink tea (13). From the angle of compatibility, the ancient books emphasized edible salt, leek and Torreya Torreya, tuckahoe, Clematis and cantharidis, but the reason or mechanism was not detailed. (4) the application of tea in the prescription: 1018 tea containing prescription in the above 8 books, including tea group (130, among them) 16 tea alone, 114 tea containing compounds) and tea delivery prescription (888). The scope of the main treatment of tea containing tea involves 119 kinds, the most common in the headache (139, 13.65%), the eye disease (130, 12.77%), the sores (61, 5.99%) and dysentery (48, 4.72%). There are other kinds of tea other than green tea. There are mainly Pu'er tea and Anhua black tea, Lu'an tea may be yellow tea, Wuyi tea may be green tea or black tea. (2) the "cold" tea sex "cold" is the common understanding of ancient doctors, there is no "green tea sex cold, black tea temperature" in traditional medical literature. "Sex temperature" is recorded in the literature of the herbal literature. There are only 5 kinds of tea, such as masked tea, Wuyi tea, Pu'er tea, Anhua tea and Luzhou tea, but its argument is related to tea origin, religious legends and storage time, but not with the modern tea process and effect of tea, and the temperature of tea "temperate" in ancient books refers to "mild", not "warm" of traditional medicine. (3) tea is used as two kinds of medicine and food, In addition to the effect of thirst, digestion, dispelling phlegm, antipyretic, clearing the head and urinating, the minority nationalities eat greasy food and borrow tea to eliminate the food, but tea as a drug is not outstanding, tea contains tea in the tea. The dosage of the leaf is not much, and most of it is "tea delivery prescription", and the main disease syndrome is headache, eye disease, sore and dysentery. (4) "medicine does not drink tea" is a folk custom, traditional Chinese medicine has no "medicine to drink tea" absolute taboo, which may be a word for doctors to persuade people to drink less tea. From modern nutrition, tea and pharmacology, the main purpose of drinking tea is to improve the excitement of the central nervous system and exhilarate the spirit. The standard of drinking tea is 3 ~ 5g tea (about 60 to 200mg caffeine). After the medicine, it should be interval for a certain time, such as 30min to drink tea.
【学位授予单位】：北京中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R285.1
[Abstract]:Tea is the leaf of the Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze plant of the family Camellia family. In ancient China, it is edible, drinking and medicable. In recent years, with the improvement of health care, the pharmacological effects and health care of tea are also paid much attention. From the traditional Chinese medicine perspective, the cold temperature of tea sex, the medicinal and tea drinking of tea are easy to avoid. The research of the related problems is less or lack of systematicness. Therefore, from the literature point of view, this study combs the related literature of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and Fang Shu, and makes analysis of the related knowledge of tea and agronomy. Methods: using the method of literature, the literature of "tea" "tea" "tea" "[wood tea]" is used as the key word to retrieve the literature of the past dynasties. The related contents of tea flavor, return, effect and pleasant, including the related records of tea prescription in the representative book, and the related literature of tea, agronomy, and local chronicles, are analyzed. Among them, the content of "generation tea" (non camellia tea for tea drinking) such as mint tea, Lycium barbarum tea, onion tea, and chincha tea are not included in the research scope. 1) materia medica Literature: the main reference to the ancient herbs of Chinese herbs, national herbs and extraterritorial herbs, and the books, medical books, local records, agricultural books, books, and Buddhist books. (2) the main selection of the books: the main selection of a thousand gold parties > thousand gold wing Fang > Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang > Tai Ping Huimin and agents > < St. Francis. The total record > < Pu Ji Fang > and < medical Zong Jian > as reference. (3) tea monograph: 114 tea books from the Tang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty. Results: (1) the tea flavor is classified into 159 "tea" records, including 144 tea cold and cold people (90.57%), and 15 tea warm hot men. 9.43%). 141 "tea taste" records of the past generation, the tea taste "bitter sweet" "bitter" or "bitter slightly bitter sweet" 96 (68.09%), the tea taste "bitter" 29 (20.58%), the tea taste "sweet" 10 (7.09%). The Yuan Dynasty Zhang Yuansu < Fu Fu Zang Fu style > the earliest tea viscera medicine, Wang Hao Gu < Decoction of soup liquid > the earliest clear tea return to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing first clearly put forward tea to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing first clearly put forward tea to meridian. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming Qing Dynasty. Ming and Qing There are 64 records of the herbal literature, 29 (45.31%), 11 (17.19%), 5 (7.81%) to the kidney and the stomach meridian (7.81%). (2) the earliest existing herbal monograph that records the effect of tea is the earliest of the north and South Dynasty Tao Hongjing's "herb", the earliest From Tang to Qing Dynasty, 129 books from Tang to Qing dynasty recorded the effect of tea, from Tang to Qing Dynasty, 129 books of herbal medicine recorded the efficacy of tea, according to the frequency of thirst (100), digestion (95), dispelling phlegm (93), antipyretic (93), clearing head (82), Li Xiaoshi (80), waking sleep (78), Qi (74) and fistula ulcer (60). (3) drink tea. Taboo: from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were 64 herbal documents to record the relevant content of drinking tea, among which tea was suitable to drink hot tea (25), drink tea (11), drink good tea (10), and drink tea, including too much tea (52), drink tea (30), avoid cold tea (24), drink tea (22) and avoid inferior tea (16). And the weak people should not drink tea (13). From the angle of compatibility, the ancient books emphasized edible salt, leek and Torreya Torreya, tuckahoe, Clematis and cantharidis, but the reason or mechanism was not detailed. (4) the application of tea in the prescription: 1018 tea containing prescription in the above 8 books, including tea group (130, among them) 16 tea alone, 114 tea containing compounds) and tea delivery prescription (888). The scope of the main treatment of tea containing tea involves 119 kinds, the most common in the headache (139, 13.65%), the eye disease (130, 12.77%), the sores (61, 5.99%) and dysentery (48, 4.72%). There are other kinds of tea other than green tea. There are mainly Pu'er tea and Anhua black tea, Lu'an tea may be yellow tea, Wuyi tea may be green tea or black tea. (2) the "cold" tea sex "cold" is the common understanding of ancient doctors, there is no "green tea sex cold, black tea temperature" in traditional medical literature. "Sex temperature" is recorded in the literature of the herbal literature. There are only 5 kinds of tea, such as masked tea, Wuyi tea, Pu'er tea, Anhua tea and Luzhou tea, but its argument is related to tea origin, religious legends and storage time, but not with the modern tea process and effect of tea, and the temperature of tea "temperate" in ancient books refers to "mild", not "warm" of traditional medicine. (3) tea is used as two kinds of medicine and food, In addition to the effect of thirst, digestion, dispelling phlegm, antipyretic, clearing the head and urinating, the minority nationalities eat greasy food and borrow tea to eliminate the food, but tea as a drug is not outstanding, tea contains tea in the tea. The dosage of the leaf is not much, and most of it is "tea delivery prescription", and the main disease syndrome is headache, eye disease, sore and dysentery. (4) "medicine does not drink tea" is a folk custom, traditional Chinese medicine has no "medicine to drink tea" absolute taboo, which may be a word for doctors to persuade people to drink less tea. From modern nutrition, tea and pharmacology, the main purpose of drinking tea is to improve the excitement of the central nervous system and exhilarate the spirit. The standard of drinking tea is 3 ~ 5g tea (about 60 to 200mg caffeine). After the medicine, it should be interval for a certain time, such as 30min to drink tea.
【学位授予单位】：北京中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R285.1
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