高速后碰撞时人体上颈椎的有限元分析

发布时间：2018-07-27 11:01

【摘要】：背景:高速公路事故逐年上升,最容易受到伤害的便是颈部。有限元分析可以很好的探究颈部损伤的力学机制。目前国内外现阶段更注重模型的优化和低速碰撞工况,少有颈部损伤和颈椎拉压应力之间关系的研究。目的:探究高速后碰撞下人体颈椎的损伤的力学机制,对颈部损伤时椎骨Von Mises应力和轴向压应力进行对比分析。方法:建立了一个包括颈椎骨、椎间盘、韧带、肌肉、小关节等组织的人体上颈椎模型。在前碰撞志愿者实验数据的基础上对模型进行了验证。运用有限元方法完成了对高速(80,120,160 km/h)后碰撞下颈椎的动力学响应。结果与结论:(1)经过模拟及验证表明,建立的上颈椎模型具有较高的生物仿真度,可以用于颈椎损伤研究及交通事故中各部位损伤的研究;(2)高速后碰撞下,速度越大,颈椎受到的损伤越严重,C_1-C_4中C_4的应力最大,受到的伤害最大;(3)用轴向压应力来判断松质骨是否发生破坏要比von-mises应力更有说服力;(4)在高速后碰撞下,椎骨相互之间发生错位,尤其是超出高速公路限制120 km/h后,椎骨之间错位严重,极有可能出现关节分离和骨折等情况,造成颈椎内部神经等损伤。
[Abstract]:Background: highway accidents rise year by year, the most vulnerable is the neck. Finite element analysis can well explore the mechanical mechanism of neck injury. At present at home and abroad more attention is paid to the optimization of the model and low speed impact conditions. There is little research on the relationship between cervical injury and cervical vertebrae tension and compression stress. Objective: to investigate the mechanical mechanism of cervical spine injury under high speed post impact and to compare the Von Mises stress and axial compression stress of vertebral bone during cervical injury. Methods: an upper cervical vertebra model including cervical vertebrae, intervertebral disc, ligaments, muscles and facet joints was established. The model is validated on the basis of the experimental data of pre-collision volunteers. The finite element method was used to complete the dynamic response of the cervical vertebrae to the impact of high speed (80120160 km/h). Results and conclusions: (1) the results of simulation and verification show that the established upper cervical vertebra model has a high biosimulation degree and can be used in the study of cervical spine injury and injury in traffic accidents, (2) the higher the speed of the model, the greater the speed of the model is under the condition of high speed post-collision. The more serious the injury of cervical vertebrae is, the greater the stress is and the greatest the injury is in CIM _ 4; (3) it is more persuasive to judge whether the cancellous bone is damaged by axial compressive stress than the von-mises stress; (4) under the high speed post-collision, the vertebrae are mislocated among each other, and (3) it is more persuasive to judge whether the cancellous bone is damaged by the axial compressive stress than by the von-mises stress. Especially after exceeding the limit of 120 km/h, the dislocation between the vertebrae is serious, and the joint separation and fracture are likely to occur, resulting in the injury of the internal nerve of the cervical vertebrae.
【作者单位】：太原理工大学力学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(11372208) 山西省研究生教育创新项目(2016BY062)~~
【分类号】：R681

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