基于美国国民健康政策的公共健康伦理研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 07:52

【摘要】：随着人类交往的日益深入,公共健康问题已成为影响社会发展的突出问题。构建有利于维护公民健康权利、促进健康资源合理分配的社会伦理规程,并出台促进公众健康的国民健康政策,成为各国发展面临的重大问题。美国国民健康政策制定较早,并不断完善,提高了国民的健康水平,促进了该国公共健康事业的发展。美国国民健康政策的制定与实施的经验教训对其他各国尤其是发展中国家具有一定的借鉴意义。美国医疗保障制度、美国健康促进政策是美国国民健康政策的核心内容。美国医保覆盖人群不断扩大,健康政策信息化程度高、动态性强,是美国国民健康政策的主要特点。健康公平、健康公益和程序正义是蕴含在美国国民健康政策中的主要价值理念。健康政策的制定需要一定的伦理理论作为基础。美国国民健康政策以义务论和目的论作为其伦理理论基础。为保证健康政策的公正性和实效性,健康政策需要遵循并涵容一定的伦理原则。美国国民健康政策遵循的伦理原则是生命至上原则、整体功利原则和公众知情原则。在公共健康政策的制定与实施过程中,不可避免会发生各种利益冲突,主要有个人权利和公共健康之间的冲突、社会医疗资源分配不公、全球公共健康利益的冲突。从公共健康伦理角度出发,明确公共健康责任主体,有助于促进社会的健康和谐发展。公共健康责任主体主要有政府、企业、个人。政府的健康责任是制定公平的健康政策,使公共健康利益实现最大化。企业的健康责任是遵循相应的健康政策与法规,保护社会健康环境。个体的健康责任主要是提高自身健康意识和健康素养水平,并积极参与社会的各项健康促进活动。我国公共健康伦理研究在非典后开始发展,如何促进公共健康事业长足发展是当前我国面临的重要任务。关于美国国民健康政策的伦理分析给我们的启示主要有:进一步完善我国公共健康政策及其立法;促进各阶层积极参与健康政策的制定与实施;加快公共健康信息化建设;培养公共健康专业人员。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of human communication, public health has become a prominent problem affecting social development. It is an important problem for every country to construct the social ethics rules which can protect the citizen's right of health and promote the rational distribution of health resources, and introduce the national health policy to promote the public health. American national health policy was established earlier and improved continuously, which improved the health level of the nation and promoted the development of public health in the country. The experience and lessons of the formulation and implementation of American national health policy have certain reference significance for other countries, especially for developing countries. American health promotion policy is the core content of American national health policy. The main characteristics of American national health policy are the expansion of health insurance coverage, the high level of informatization and the strong dynamics of health policy in the United States. Health equity, health public welfare and procedural justice are the main values contained in American national health policy. The formulation of health policy needs a certain ethical theory as the basis. The national health policy of the United States is based on the theory of obligation and teleology. In order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of health policy, health policy should follow certain ethical principles. The ethical principles of the National Health Policy of the United States are the principle of life first, the principle of overall utility and the principle of public knowledge. In the process of making and implementing public health policy, conflicts of interest will inevitably occur, such as conflicts between individual rights and public health, unfair distribution of social medical resources and conflicts of global public health interests. From the point of view of public health ethics, defining the subject of public health responsibility is helpful to promote the healthy and harmonious development of society. The public health responsibility main body mainly has the government, the enterprise, the individual. The government's health responsibility is to make a fair health policy to maximize public health benefits. Corporate health responsibility is to follow the corresponding health policies and regulations to protect the social health environment. Individual health responsibility is mainly to improve their own health awareness and health literacy, and actively participate in social health promotion activities. The study of public health ethics in China began to develop after SARS. How to promote the rapid development of public health is an important task facing our country. The moral analysis of American national health policy gives us some enlightenments: to further improve our public health policy and its legislation, to promote the active participation of all levels in the formulation and implementation of health policy, to speed up the construction of public health informatization; Training of public health professionals.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R199

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