黄瓜嫁接苗缓苗智能管理系统的研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 07:14

本文关键词：黄瓜嫁接苗缓苗智能管理系统的研究　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：嫁接作为一项高效的抗病、增产技术,可解决作物连作障碍,嫁接后的株苗不仅可以克服土传病害,还可以促进株苗生长、提高产量、增强株苗的抗逆性。嫁接苗缓苗装置是为刚完成嫁接的株苗提供一个最适宜的人工环境,加快嫁接苗缓苗速度,提高嫁接苗的成苗率,在整个蔬菜工厂化育苗系统中起着举足轻重的作用。本文结合国家高科技发展计划(863计划)“全自动嫁接育苗关键技术与成套设备研究”(项目编号:2012AA10A506),以黄瓜嫁接苗为研究对象,提取出黄瓜嫁接苗缓苗期最优环境参数,作为嫁接苗缓苗智能管理系统的控制标准;研究不同的嫁接方法和快速生根技术,为嫁接苗高品质和高成活率提供理论基础和依据;结合生长指标和图像技术研究黄瓜嫁接苗的品质分级标准以及分级模型;构建黄瓜嫁接苗缓苗智能管理系统。主要的研究内容有:1.提取黄瓜嫁接苗缓苗最优环境信息采用分段管理方式,将嫁接后的黄瓜管理分为2个阶段,分别为愈合期和成活期,研究每个阶段的最优环境值。愈合期试验选择温度(T)和空气相对湿度(RH,以下简称湿度)2个因素作为变量,分别设置4水平和2水平进行研究,以愈合率作为指标值,建立试验设计表。试验结果表明,愈合期应选择湿度95%、温度22~28℃作为其环境的最优管理条件;在愈合期最优环境基础上进行成活期试验,选择3因素进行研究,以温度(T)3水平、湿度(RH)3水平和光照(L)3水平作为变量,以成活率和假活率作为指标值,借助Design-Expert软件,采用响应面法建立试验设计表并分析试验结果,最终建立了成活率(SR)、假活率(FR)与T、RH和L之间二次回归方程,综合环境对成活率、假活率的影响,并结合实际情况,得到成活期最佳环境条件为温度26±2℃、湿度85±3%、光照3000Lx。2.不同嫁接方法和快速生根技术采用断根嫁接与贴接法对黄瓜进行嫁接,研究了这两种嫁接方式对黄瓜生长、生理特征、和光合指标的影响。结果表明:断根嫁接法嫁接苗成活率达到99.31%,贴接法嫁接苗成活率为96.53%,且采用断根嫁接后的株苗尺寸基本一致,便于嫁接机批量化嫁接生产;对植株的株高、茎粗、叶面积和根冠比分析,嫁接苗要优于自根苗,断根嫁接苗显著高于自根苗;对植株根系的根总长、总根表面积、总根投影面积、总根体积和根系活力分析,嫁接苗优于自根苗,断根嫁接苗部分指标要显著优于自根苗和贴接法嫁接苗;嫁接提高了黄瓜叶片的净光合速率,其中断根嫁接方式下的净光合速率最大;筛选出适宜砧木再生根系的植物生长调节剂浓度和基质组合,分别是IBA100ppm和2JZ+1ST(育苗基质:沙土=2:1)。3.建立嫁接苗品质分级标准及分级模型为克服人眼在对植物病害程度进行定级时易出现误差、费工费时等缺点,本文提出了一种基于改进GA和聚类混合算法的图像处理技术,对植物病害程度进行分级。嫁接成活后的嫁接苗完成品质分级后再转入日常管理,本研究以株高、茎粗比、叶宽、砧穗切口接合面积和病害等级作为分级指标,采用动态聚类算法建立黄瓜嫁接苗品质分级标准。利用图像处理技术和数据挖掘方法,建立了嫁接苗品质分级识别模型,首先通过主成分分析(PCA)、独立成分分析(ICA)、直方图-主成分分析(CH-PCA)、灰度共生矩阵(GSM)和不变矩(IM)方法提取了图像特征,再利用对比判别分析(DA)、RBF神经网络(RBFNN)、支持向量机(SVM)和相关向量机(RVM)四种方法进行建模,使用检验样本进行模型验证。由验证结果可知,CH-PCA方法提取的图像特征参数、RBFNN方法建立模型和ICA方法提取的特征参数、RBF核函数SVM方法建立模型的识别准确率最高,均达到92.2%。4.构建嫁接苗缓苗智能管理系统在上述研究基础上所开发出的黄瓜嫁接苗缓苗智能管理系统可实现3个功能,分别为嫁接苗生长状况的不间断监测、嫁接苗缓苗环境的自动测控以及嫁接苗品质的自动分级。测控系统下位机控制器以嫁接苗成活的最优环境参数值为基础,根据系统的总体需求分析,进行了数据采集节点模块、数据中心节点模块及控制终端节点模块的硬件和软件设计,并详细介绍了各节点模块的工作原理、特性、功能、流程图以及主要的功能函数,并对各采集功能、传输功能和控制功能进行了测试。上位机系统软件采用Labview编程实现,采用模块化编程技术,实现了数据的接收、显示、存储,以及参数设置、历史数据管理和24小时不间断全周期对嫁接苗进行监测等功能。试验结果表明,智能管理系统采集到的参数信息精准、传输的数据准确可靠,且能够按照设定的方式执行外围机构,生长监测系统采集的图像清晰,极大地提高了嫁接苗的科学管理水平和生产效率,为工厂化嫁接苗关键技术的研究提供方法和依据。
[Abstract]:Grafting as an effective technology for disease resistance and yield increase can solve crop continuous cropping obstacles. After grafting, seedlings can not only overcome soil borne diseases, but also promote plant growth, yield and seedling stress resistance. The grafted seedling seedling retarding device provides a most suitable artificial environment for the newly completed grafted seedlings. It speeds up the speed of grafted seedlings and improves the seedling rate of grafted seedlings, and plays a decisive role in the whole vegetable factory seedling raising system. Combined with the national high tech Development Program (863 Program) "Research on key technology and equipment of automatic seedling grafting" (project number: 2012AA10A506), the grafted cucumber seedlings as the research object, extract of grafted cucumber seedlings slow seedling stage optimal environment parameters, control standard as grafted seedlings of intelligent management system of different grafting methods; and the rapid rooting technology for grafted seedlings of high quality and high survival rate and provide a theoretical basis and foundation; combined with the growth index and quality grading standard of cucumber grafted seedlings and the technology of image classification model; construction of cucumber grafted seedlings intelligent management system. The main research contents are as follows: 1.. Extract the best environmental information of grafted seedlings from Cucumber Seedlings by segmented management. The management of grafted cucumber is divided into 2 stages, namely healing period and survival period, and the best environmental value of each stage is studied. In the healing period, 2 factors, temperature (T) and air relative humidity (RH, hereinafter referred to as humidity), were selected as variables. They were set up at 4 level and 2 level respectively, and the healing rate was used as the index value. The test results show that the healing period should choose 95% humidity and temperature 22~28 as the optimal management condition of the environment for survival; trial in the healing period optimal environment, 3 factors were studied by temperature (T) 3 (RH) level, humidity and light level of 3 (L) 3 level as variable and as the index value to the survival rate and false rate, with the help of Design-Expert software, the establishment of experimental design and analysis of test results of response surface method, finally established the survival rate (SR), false rate (FR) and T, RH and L two regression equation, comprehensive environmental impact rate of false the survival rate, and combined with the actual situation, get the optimal environmental conditions for the survival period of 26 - 2 DEG C temperature, humidity, light 3000Lx 85 + 3%. 2. different grafting methods and fast rooting techniques were used to grafted cucumber by root grafting and bonding. The effects of these two grafting methods on cucumber growth, physiological characteristics and photosynthetic indexes were studied. The results show that the root grafting survival rate of grafted seedlings reached 99.31%, grafting survival rate of grafted seedlings was 96.53%, and the root grafted seedlings are basically the same size, easy mass production grafting grafting machine; on the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and root shoot ratio of grafted seedlings was better than that of self root, root cutting grafted seedling was significantly higher than that of self rooted plants; analysis of root length, total root surface area, total root area, total root volume and root activity of grafted seedlings was better than that of self root seedlings, root cutting grafted seedling index was significantly better than ZAOJIA and grafting grafted seedlings; grafting increased net photosynthesis of cucumber the net photosynthetic rate, which under the light of root cutting grafted maximum photosynthetic rate; select the suitable rootstock root regeneration plant growth regulator concentration and substrate combination, respectively is IBA100ppm and 2JZ+1ST (substrate: sand soil =2:1). 3. the establishment of grafted seedling quality grading standard and classification model in order to overcome the human eye in the classification of plant disease extent prone to error, time-consuming disadvantages, this paper puts forward a kind of image processing technology and improved GA clustering based on hybrid algorithm, the classification of plant disease degree. After grafting, the grafted seedlings were graded after quality and then transferred to daily management. In this study, plant height, stem width ratio, leaf width, incisional incision area and disease grade were used as grading indicators, and dynamic clustering algorithm was applied to establish quality grading standard of cucumber grafted seedlings. The use of image processing technology and data mining method, established the grafted seedling quality grading identification model, firstly through principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), principal component analysis (CH-PCA) histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GSM) and moment invariants (IM) method to extract the image features, by contrast discriminant analysis (DA), RBF neural network (RBFNN), support vector machine (SVM) and relevance vector machine (RVM) of four kinds of modeling method, use the samples to verify the model. From the verification results, we can see that the image feature parameters extracted by CH-PCA method, the RBFNN method, the feature parameters extracted from the model and the ICA method, and the RBF kernel function SVM method have the highest recognition accuracy, which reaches 92.2%. 4. construction of grafted seedlings intelligent management system developed on the basis of study of cucumber grafted seedlings intelligent management system can realize 3 functions, respectively. The growth status of grafted seedlings and grafted seedlings of uninterrupted monitoring seedling environment automatic control and automatic grading quality of grafted seedlings. Control system controller with optimal environment parameters of grafted seedling survival value as the foundation, according to the analysis of the overall system requirements, a data acquisition module, data center node and terminal node node module control module hardware and software design, and introduces the working principle, the characteristic and function of each module, and the flow chart the main function, and the acquisition function, transfer function and control function were tested. The host computer system software is programmed by Labview. With modular programming technology, data reception, display and storage are realized, as well as parameter setting, historical data management, and 24 hours continuous cycle monitoring of grafted seedlings. The test results show that the accurate information collected by the intelligent management system and the data transmitted are accurate and reliable.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP315;S642.2

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