生长猪对蛋白原料钙磷标准全肠道消化率的评价及植酸酶的影响
发布时间：2018-01-03 00:00
本文关键词：生长猪对蛋白原料钙磷标准全肠道消化率的评价及植酸酶的影响 出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文 论文类型：学位论文
更多相关文章： 植酸酶 生长猪 蛋白原料 钙磷 标准全肠道消化率
【摘要】：本文旨在研究植酸酶对生长猪动物源性及植物源性蛋白类饲料原料钙磷的表观全肠道消化率(Apprent total tract digestibility,ATTD)以及标准全肠道消化率(Standardized total tract digestibility,STTD)的影响。全文分为五个部分,试验一选择了 64头初始体重为16.0 ±3.1 kg的去势公猪,采用完全随机试验设计,探讨了植酸酶对生长猪牛奶加工副产物钙磷的ATTD与钙STTD的影响。本试验采集了乳清粉、低蛋白乳清粉和脱脂乳粉3种牛奶加工副产物作为代表性的动物源性钙源。配制一个由玉米、土豆分离蛋白、大豆油、石粉和磷酸二氢钠等组成的基础日粮,另配制3种日粮分别在基础日粮中添加乳清粉、低蛋白乳清粉和脱脂乳粉。试验日粮均包括无植酸酶和添加1,000 FTU/kg植酸酶两种处理,共8个处理,每个处理8个重复。用全收粪法测定了生长猪对牛奶加工副产物钙磷的ATTD以及钙的STTD。结果表明,添加1,000FTU/kg植酸酶可显著提高(P0.05)生长猪对所有试验日粮钙磷的ATTD,以及钙的STTD,但对生长猪乳清粉、低蛋白乳清粉和脱脂乳粉的钙消化率无影响。生长猪对乳清粉和脱脂乳粉钙的ATTD和STTD显著高于(P0.05)低蛋白乳清粉,但乳清粉和脱脂乳粉之间无差异。试验二探讨了植酸酶对生长猪豆粕和4种来源的菜籽粕钙磷的ATTD,以及磷的STTD的影响。本试验选择了 120头初始体重为16.2 ± 5.3 kg的去势公猪单笼饲养,采用5 × 4因子设计,随机分配到20种日粮中,每个处理6个重复。试验设计了分别以豆粕、高蛋白菜籽粕(High-protein canolameal,CM-HP)、高温加工菜籽粕(High-temperature processed canola meal,CM-HT)、低温加工菜籽粕(Low-temperature processed canola meal,CM-LT)和传统菜籽粕(Conventional canola meal,CM-CV)为唯一磷源的5种基础日粮,另有15种日粮分别向基础日粮中添加500、1,500或者2,500 FTU/kg植酸酶。试验包括7d适应期和5 d收粪期。试验结果表明,添加植酸酶线性提高了(P0.01)生长猪对含有CM-HP、CM-HT、CM-CV和豆粕日粮中钙的ATTD,但对CM-LT日粮钙的ATTD无影响。植酸酶同样提高了(线性和二次,P0.01)生长猪对这5种原料磷的ATTD和STTD。相对于CM-CV,CM-HP中钙的ATTD较高(P0.01)。生长猪对CM-LT日粮钙的ATTD显著高于(P0.05)CM-HT,但二者磷的ATTD和STTD无差异。生长猪对豆粕磷的ATTD和STTD高于(P0.05)CM-HP和CM-CV。本试验成功建立了植酸酶对生长猪CM-HP、CM-HT、CM-LT、CM-CV和豆粕磷的STTD相关关系的回归方程。试验三采集了 20种豆粕样品,采用猪胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶两步水解法,体外模拟了猪对豆粕的磷透析率,并探讨了植酸酶对其影响。结果表明,猪对不同产区的豆粕可透析磷并无显著差异,但添加500 FTU/kg植酸酶可显著提高(P0.05)猪对豆粕的可透析磷。试验四测定了不同浓度植酸酶对生长猪玉米-豆粕日粮干物质、总能、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、常量和微量矿物元素与氨基酸消化率的影响。试验选择了 24头初始体重为37.0 ± 1.4 kg的装有简单T型瘘管的去势公猪,随机分配到6种日粮中,每种日粮8个重复。分别饲喂正对照日粮(标准全肠道可消化磷0.31%),负对照低磷日粮(标准全肠道可消化磷0.16%)和植酸酶日粮(负对照日粮分别添加500、1,000、2,000和4,000 FTU/kg植酸酶)。通过全收粪尿法测定了营养物质的ATTD和沉积率,通过氧化钛指示剂测定了氨基酸表观回肠末端消化率(Apparent ileal digestibility,AID)。结果表明,添加植酸酶可提高(线性,P0.05)生长猪对玉米-豆粕日粮的酸性洗涤纤维、钾和铁的ATTD。植酸酶可提高(二次,P0.05)中性洗涤纤维和镁的ATTD,并趋于提高苯丙氨酸(二次,P = 0.09)和天冬氨酸(二次,P = 0.05)的AID。植酸酶提高了(线性和二次,P0.05)钙磷的ATTD及其沉积率,但植酸酶对总能的ATTD和消化能并无影响。试验五测定了生长猪对玉米、豆粕和菜籽粕磷的ATTD和STTD,以及生长猪对玉米、豆粕和菜籽粕磷STTD的可加性。试验选择了 36头初始体重为21.6±1.7 kg的去势公猪,采用完全随机设计,分配到6种日粮中,每种日粮6个重复。试验日粮包括玉米淀粉和玉米、豆粕或菜籽粕为基础的半纯合日粮,以及玉米-豆粕、玉米-菜籽粕和玉米-豆粕-菜籽粕的混合日粮。结果表明,生长猪对玉米、豆粕和菜籽粕磷的ATTD分别为33.12%、50.19%和35.49%,磷的STTD分别为37.76%、56.62%和40.02%。生长猪对豆粕磷的ATTD和STTD高于(P0.05)玉米和菜籽粕,对玉米、豆粕和菜籽粕磷的STTD是可加的。综上,本研究体内与体外试验说明植酸酶可提高生长猪常用蛋白原料钙磷的STTD,且具有额外释放效应。
[Abstract]:This paper aims to study the phytase in growing pigs animal and plant source protein feed material of calcium and phosphorus apparent total tract digestibility (Apprent total tract digestibility, ATTD) and standard intestinal digestibility (Standardized total tract digestibility, STTD). The influence of the text is divided into five parts, a selection test 64 the initial weight was 16 + 3.1 kg castrated boars, using a completely randomized design to investigate the effects of Phytase on ATTD and calcium STTD growing pigs milk processing by-product calcium and phosphorus. This experiment collected low protein whey powder, whey powder and skim milk 3 milk processing by-products as animal source of calcium the source of the representative. A preparation made from corn, potato protein isolate, soybean oil, powder and sodium dihydrogen phosphate and other components of the basal diet, the other with 3 diets were added whey powder in the basic diet, low protein milk Whey powder and defatted milk. The test diets were included without adding 1000 FTU/kg phytase phytase and two kinds of treatments, there were 8 treatments, 8 replicates per treatment. The growth of pigs to milk processing by-product calcium phosphate and calcium ATTD STTD. results measured by total feces collection method, adding 1000FTU/ kg phytase significantly improve (P0.05) ATTD for all trials of dietary calcium and phosphorus in growing pigs, and calcium STTD, but on the growth of pig whey powder, whey powder and protein digestion of low calcium skim milk powder had no effect on the rate of growth of pigs. Whey powder and defatted milk calcium ATTD and STTD (P0.05) was significantly higher than that of low protein whey powder, but there was no difference between whey powder and defatted milk. Experiment two explored ATTD phytase on rapeseed meal of calcium and phosphorus in growing pigs of soybean meal and 4 sources, and the effects of phosphorus STTD. This study selected 120 head initial weight was 16.2 + 5.3 kg castrated boars single cage feeding Raise, using 5 * 4 factorial design, randomly assigned to one of 20 diets, each with 6 replicates. The test was designed respectively by the high protein soybean meal, rapeseed meal (High-protein canolameal, CM-HP), the high temperature processing of rapeseed meal (High-temperature processed canola meal, CM-HT), low temperature processing of rapeseed meal (Low-temperature processed canola meal CM-LT), and the traditional rapeseed meal (Conventional canola meal, CM-CV) for 5 kinds of basic diet the sole source of phosphorus, and 15 kinds of diets were added to 2500 500,1500 or FTU/kg Phytase Diets. The test includes 7d adaptation period and 5 d of fecal collection period. The experimental results show that the linear increase of phytase the growth of pigs (P0.01) containing CM-HP, CM-HT, CM-CV and soybean diets of calcium in ATTD, but had no effect on CM-LT of dietary calcium ATTD. Phytase also improved (linear and two, P0.01) growing pigs on the 5 kinds of raw materials of ATTD and ST p TD. compared to CM-CV, CM-HP calcium ATTD (P0.01) ATTD. The higher the CM-LT of dietary calcium in growing pigs was significantly higher than that of CM-HT (P0.05), but no difference between the two P ATTD and STTD. The growth of soybean meal pig P ATTD (P0.05) and STTD is higher than that of CM-HP and CM-CV. in this experiment successfully established on phytase the growth of pig CM-HP, CM-HT, CM-LT, regression equation STTD relationship between CM-CV and soybean meal. Three phosphorus test collected 20 soybean samples, using porcine pepsin trypsin two step hydrolysis method, the in vitro simulated phosphorus dialysis on soybean meal pig rate, and discusses the influence of Phytase. The results showed that the pig there is no significant difference of phosphorus can be dialysis in different producing areas of soybean meal, but adding 500 FTU/kg phytase (P0.05) can significantly improve the pig of soybean meal dialysable phosphorus. Experiment four was determined with different concentration of Phytase on growth of pig corn soybean meal diet dry matter, total energy, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber Fiber, acid detergent fiber, major and trace mineral elements and amino acid digestibility. The test chose 24 head initial weight was 37 + 1.4 kg with a simple T type were castrated boars, randomly assigned to one of 6 diets, each diet were fed 8 replicates. The positive control diet (standard intestinal digestible phosphorus 0.31%), negative control of low phosphorus diet (standard intestinal digestible phosphorus and Phytase Diets (0.16%) negative control diet were added to 500,1000,2000 and FTU/kg. 4000 phytase) nutrient ATTD and deposition rate were determined by the method of feces and urine collection, through the determination of the amino acid titanium indicator table the concept of ileal digestibility (Apparent ileal, digestibility, AID). The results showed that phytase can improve (linear, P0.05) acid detergent fiber of corn soybean meal diet of growing pigs, ATTD. phytase of iron and potassium can increase (two, P0.05) 涓，
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