猕猴桃种间高密度遗传图谱的构建及果实性状QTLs定位

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:18

本文关键词：猕猴桃种间高密度遗传图谱的构建及果实性状QTLs定位　出处：《中国科学院研究生院(武汉植物园)》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：猕猴桃作为二十世纪驯化栽培最成功的一种水果,由于其丰富的维生素C含量及营养物质深受消费者的喜爱。由于猕猴桃属植物具有雌雄异株及丰富的倍性变异的特征,使得猕猴桃的传统育种效率较低。对目标性状开发出连锁的标记进行标记辅助选择可以有效的提高育种的效率及准确性。为了定位出果实相关的目标性状,本研究采用父本中华猕猴桃‘桂海4号’和母本山梨猕猴桃‘MT570001’的杂交后代,开展果实大小及糖、酸含量的QTLs定位研究。主要结果如下：(1)利用RAD测序的方法,在174个Fl代植株中构建了中华猕猴桃和山梨猕猴桃两张遗传图谱。母本山梨猕猴桃‘MT570001’图谱包含29个连锁群共2426个标记,图谱长度2651.3 cM,平均图距1.09 cM,每个连锁群的长度为67.3cM至122.5 cM；中华猕猴桃‘桂海4号’图谱共有4214个SNP标记分布在29个连锁群上,总长度为3142.4 cM,平均图距为0.75 cM,连锁群的长度在72.4 cM至151.7 cM之间。(2)通过扫描猕猴桃全基因中的SSR位点发现二碱基重复最多(72.1%),AG/TC (44.2%)是基因组中频率最高的碱基重复。在群体中开发了61个基因组SSR,结合公开发表的49个SSR一起整合到SNP图谱中,成功的定位到中华猕猴桃的28个连锁群上,山梨猕猴桃的17个连锁群上,使得中华猕猴桃图谱长度增加了95 cM,山梨猕猴桃图谱长度增加了67 cM。在群体中筛选出11个性别连锁的SSR标记,并同花表型性状'sex-f'共同定位在25号染色体的亚末端。(3)通过对果实相关的12个性状进行QTLs检测。在山梨猕猴桃图谱中共检测到44个QTLs位点,2013年检测到21个,2015年检测到23个,解释表型变异5.3%-13.9%,在中华猕猴桃图谱中共检测到57个QTLs位点,其中2013年检测到31个位点,2015年定位到26个位点,解释表型变异5.9%-12.2%。本研究结果不仅丰富了猕猴桃属的遗传学研究,也为阐明猕猴桃属雌雄异株及果实品质的遗传机制提供了理论基础,同时为果实品质的遗传改良及早期性别鉴定中提供了分子元件。
[Abstract]:Kiwifruit was one of the most successful fruit domesticated in 20th century. Because of its rich vitamin C content and nutrition, the kiwifruit plants have the characteristics of dioecious and rich ploidy variation. The traditional breeding efficiency of kiwifruit is low. The development of linkage markers for target traits can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of breeding. In this study, the progenies of male Chinese kiwifruit 'Guihai 4' and female parent Actinidia chinensis' MT570001'were used to develop fruit size and sugar. QTLs localization of acid content. The main results are as follows: 1) using RAD sequencing method. Two genetic maps of Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia chinensis were constructed in 174 fl plantlets. The MT570001'map of Actinidia chinensis, a female parent, contained 2426 markers in 29 linkage groups. The length of the map was 2651.3 cm, the average distance was 1.09 cm, and the length of each linkage group ranged from 67.3 cm to 122.5 cm. There were 4214 SNP markers on 29 linkage groups, the total length was 3142.4 cm, and the average map distance was 0.75 cm in the 'Guihai 4' map of Actinidia chinensis. The length of linkage group ranged from 72.4 cm to 151.7 cm.) by scanning the SSR site in the whole gene of kiwifruit, we found that the two base repeats were at most 72.1 cm). AG/TC 44.2) is the most frequent base repeats in the genome. 61 genome SSRs were developed in a population and integrated into the SNP map with 49 published SSR. Successfully located on 28 linkage groups of Actinidia chinensis and 17 linkage groups of Actinidia chinensis, the length of map of Actinidia chinensis increased 95 cm. The map length of Actinidia chinensis increased by 67 cm. Eleven sex-linked SSR markers were screened in the population. The phenotypic trait of coflorescence, sex-f', is located at the subterminal of chromosome 25. A total of 44 QTLs loci were detected in kiwifruit atlas by QTLs analysis of 12 traits related to fruit. 21 were detected in 2013 and 23 in 2015. 57 QTLs loci were detected in the map of Actinidia chinensis. 31 loci were detected in 2013 and 26 loci were located in 2015, explaining the phenotypic variation of 5.9-12.2. The results of this study not only enrich the genetic research of Actinidia. It also provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the genetic mechanism of the dioecious plants and fruit quality of Actinidia, and provides a molecular element for the genetic improvement of the fruit quality and early sex identification.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(武汉植物园)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S663.4

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