黑龙江省稻瘟病菌致病性和品种抗性改良研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 08:21

  本文关键词：黑龙江省稻瘟病菌致病性和品种抗性改良研究　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 水稻 稻瘟病 稻瘟病菌致病性 抗稻瘟病改良 分子标记辅助选择育种

【摘要】：稻瘟病是由Magnaporthe oryze引起的毁灭性的水稻病害,在世界各水稻产区均有发生。黑龙江省是中国重要的粳稻生产区,近年来,由于单一品种推广面积过大,加大了稻瘟病菌群的定向选择压力,导致黑龙江省每隔几年就会发生严重的稻瘟病,造成稻谷大量减产。培育抗稻瘟病品种并推广种植于稻瘟病易发区,是非常有效、既经济又安全的防治稻瘟病的措施。可是黑龙江省抗稻瘟病资源匮乏,急需引入更多的抗稻瘟病基因。在研究抗稻瘟病基因的同时,了解稻瘟病菌致病性,分析无毒基因的组成与时空分布和抗病基因的抗谱,对水稻抗稻瘟病品种选育与合理布局同样重要。为明确黑龙江省稻瘟病菌群的致病性与无毒基因的时空分布及抗病基因的抗谱,同时为改良黑龙江省寒地粳稻品种的稻瘟病抗性,引入新的抗稻瘟病基因,拓宽抗稻瘟病种质资源，开展了以下三方面的研究。1.黑龙江省稻瘟病菌致病性鉴定与抗病基因抗谱于2010、2012、2013年在黑龙江省建三江、宝泉岭、五常、牡丹江、绥化和佳木斯这6个水稻主产区的23个县及农场,从空育131及其它13个水稻主栽品种上采集的感病穗颈节分离、获得63个单孢菌株,并利用国际水稻所的31个水稻抗稻瘟病单基因系研究了这些菌株的致病性及抗稻瘟病基因抗谱。获得如下结果：(1)黑龙江省稻瘟病菌群体中强致病力菌株占31.7%,较强致病力菌株占46.0%,中等致病力菌株占22.2%。(2)抗性基因Pi9、Pita-2(R)、Pi-z5(CA)=Pi-12(t)和Pi-ta2(P)对黑龙江省稻瘟病菌的抗谱较宽(74.6%～93.7%),在水稻抗稻瘟病育种中有较大的利用价值；抗性基因Pia(A)、Pit、Pish(B)、Pi7(t)和Pi19(t)的抗谱很窄(4.8%～19.0%),在育种与生产中宜谨慎使用。2.Pi-1、Pi-2和Pi-33聚合及空育131稻瘟病抗性改良利用分子标记技术,通过1次杂交、4次回交和3次自交将Pi-1、Pi-2Pi-33基因分别导入和聚合到空育131中,获得28个含不同抗稻瘟病基因的改良株系。人工接种鉴定结果显示改良株系抗稻瘟病性明显提高,其中聚合了3个抗病基因的株系k165的抗谱明显宽于空育131和供体亲本中金23,且穗颈瘟抗性达到高抗水平(0级),也明显优于两个亲本。k165的主要农艺性状与空育131接近,产量提高,可作为优良抗病新材料,应用于寒地水稻育种和生产。3.Pigm导入及后代材料抗病性与产量鉴定通过分子标记与杂交选育相结合,将Pigm基因导入寒地粳稻品种空育131、龙粳26、垦鉴稻6中,获得12个含Pigm的改良株系,与受体亲本相比,各导入系对稻瘟病菌的抗谱大幅提高，抗性频率最高达98.4%,最低为95.2%。同时对穗颈瘟的抗性也显著提高,导入Pigm基因后空育131穗颈瘟由7级提高到1级,龙粳26穗颈瘟由5级提高到0～1级,垦鉴稻6穗颈瘟由7级提高到1-3级。空育131导入Pigm基因后,每穗粒数有所增加,结实率下降,但产量差异不显著,结实率下降抵消了每穗粒数的增加对产量增加的影响。龙粳26导入Pigm基因后,其每穗粒数增加,结实率降低,但只有一个株系k121增产显著。垦鉴稻6导入pigm基因后,有效穗数、结实率均降低,每穗粒数的增加对产量的贡献,超过有效穗数与结实率降低对产量的减少带来的影响,致使单株产量增加显著。由此可见,改良寒地粳稻稻瘟病抗性需要注重受体亲本的选择。
[Abstract]:Rice blast is caused by Magnaporthe Oryze devastating rice disease occurred in all rice producing areas of the world. Heilongjiang province is an important area of rice production, Chinese in recent years, due to the promotion of a single species area is too large, the increase of rice blast bacteria directional selection pressure caused by the Heilongjiang Province, every few years there will be rice blast is serious, resulting in a large number of production. Rice cultivation and planting resistant varieties of rice blast in rice blast prone areas, is very effective, not only for rice blast control economic and safety measures. But Heilongjiang province rice blast resistance resource scarcity, the urgent need to introduce more. Rice blast resistance gene of rice blast resistance gene in research at the same time, to understand the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae, resistance spectrum analysis of composition and spatio-temporal distribution of resistance gene and avirulence genes, are also important for rice blast resistance breeding and reasonable layout. In order to clear Heilongjiang Province The spatial and temporal distribution and resistance spectrum of rice blast resistance genes of pathogenic bacteria and avirulence genes, and for the improvement of rice blast resistance in Japonica Rice Varieties in Heilongjiang Province, the introduction of new blast resistance gene, broaden the germplasm resources resistant to rice blast, carried out the research of Heilongjiang province.1. pathogenicity of rice blast fungus and identification of resistance genes the following three aspects of the resistance spectrum in 201020122013 years in the Heilongjiang province Sanjiang, Mudanjiang, Wuchang, Baoquanling, 23 counties in Suihua and Jiamusi are the 6 major rice producing areas and farms, from Kongyu 131 and other 13 Rice Cultivars Susceptible Varieties collected on the neck of spike separation, 63 single spore strain, and use the international rice of 31 rice monogenic rice lines and pathogenicity of rice blast resistance gene of these strains resistant spectrum. The results are as follows: (1) Heilongjiang province rice blast fungus population strong pathogenicity strains accounted for 31.7%, compared with 寮鸿嚧鐥呭姏鑿屾牚鍗，

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