贝塞尔节曲线齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构机理及试验研究

发布时间：2018-02-07 11:41

本文关键词： 深施型液态施肥机扎穴机构贝塞尔节曲线齿轮动力学参数动力学试验　出处：《东北农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：液态肥深施技术是根据土壤养分及作物田间区域分布特征,将液态肥料精准定量地深施于作物根部附近(约100~120mm)的一种农业技术。实践证明,该技术是一项有效的增产降耗农业技术措施,有减少化肥用量、提高化肥利用率、节约作业成本、增加作物产量及减轻环境污染等作用。目前国内外生产液态肥料企业较多,但对液态肥深施技术及装备的相关研究较少。东北农业大学王金武教授研发团队经过多年研究探索,在液肥深施理论及相关机具研发方面取得了一定进展,先后研制出了三代样机,基本满足了施肥要求。样机的关键部件为扎穴机构,其工作性能直接影响施肥质量和效率。目前扎穴机构仍存在着单位时间扎穴次数受限的问题,工作效率较低。若增加扎穴次数,喷肥针受到的土壤冲击力变大,从而导致机构振动明显、扎穴不稳定及穴口宽度不理想等问题。针对上述问题,本研究依据液态肥深施农艺要求,对贝塞尔节曲线传动理论进行了深入研究,设计研制出新型贝塞尔齿轮扎穴机构。研究过程中,通过理论分析、计算机人机交互优化仿真、高速摄像技术等方法深入探讨了其工作机理,并分析了机构运动学和动力学特性,试验研究了影响机构作业性能及稳定性的因素,为深施型液态施肥机具关键部件理论与设计研究提供重要依据。本文研究工作主要包括以下几个方面:(1)贝塞尔节曲线齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构设计为确保液态施肥机在高速作业过程中有效避免机具振动,从而获得理想的穴口宽度和穴距,在深入探讨液肥深施技术理论的基础上,结合多种扎穴机构工作方式与特点,引入贝塞尔节曲线非圆齿轮行星轮系,理论分析其传动配比、节曲线凸形检验及压力角等结构参数,设计了新型旋转式扎穴机构。(2)贝塞尔节曲线齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构动力学、运动学建模及仿真分析为检验机构设计是否合理,各构件运转过程中有无干涉,以及喷肥针运行轨迹是否满足施肥要求,建立了贝塞尔节曲线齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构运动学和动力学模型,运用软件进行仿真分析。具体研究内容为,建立各齿轮及喷肥针针尖(角)位移、(角)速度及(角)加速度等运动学模型;探求行星轮系中太阳轮、中间轮、行星轮、行星架轴心及啮合点处受力变化规律,推导出数学模型;运用Pro/E完成运动学仿真分析,获得喷肥针针尖点位置、速度及加速度运动特性曲线,验证理论模型的正确性并为运动学优化编程提供依据。(3)编写贝塞尔节曲线齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构动力学软件对动力学模型理论求解为验证理论模型的准确性,利用动力学方程组序列求解法,进行理论求解。采用Visual Basic 6.0语言开发贝塞尔节曲线齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构动力学分析软件,得到各齿轮轮心及啮合点的受力随行星架转角及链条受力的变化规律,为整机的动力学特性分析提供数据。(4)贝塞尔节曲线齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构三维实体建模和虚拟样机装配为完成机构各零件结构设计,运用Pro/E三维软件进行齿轮实体建模和机构虚拟样机装配,并校验机构运行情况,分析机构有无干涉情况及相应运动规律,为零件加工制造奠定了基础。(5)贝塞尔节曲线齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构作业性能试验研究为检验扎穴机构作业性能及稳定性,在土槽中进行了高速摄像台架试验和扎穴性能试验。通过高速摄像台架试验,判读喷肥针针尖运行轨迹及入土和出土姿态,验证机构运动学模型和理论分析的准确性;通过多组扎穴性能试验,探讨前进速度及行星架转速对穴口宽度及穴距的交互影响。以施肥要求为约束条件,采用多目标方法对模型进行优化,获得满足性能指标的最优因素组,并对最佳因素组下的性能指标进行相应的试验验证。(6)贝塞尔节曲线齿轮行星轮系扎穴机构动力学试验研究为验证动力学模型及理论求解的结论是否准确、研究机具振动规律及原因,采用应变传感电测原理,设计搭建了动力学试验台,进行动力学试验。通过试验获得各齿轮轮心及啮合点、轴承支座及链条受力随行星架转角变化规律,并与理论分析对比,证明理论求解准确性及试验方法的可行性。在行星架转速一定范围内,获得喷肥针所受土壤反力随着行星架转速及前进速度的变化规律,为整机振动研究提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Liquid fertilizer deep application technology is based on the soil nutrient and crop field distribution, the liquid fertilizer applied to accurate quantitative deep roots near (about 100~120mm) is a kind of agricultural technology. Practice has proved that the technology is an effective stimulation saving agricultural measures, reduce fertilizer dosage and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. Save the operation cost, increase crop yield and reduce environmental pollution. At present domestic production of more liquid fertilizer enterprises, but the research on liquid fertilizer deep application technology and equipment less. Professor Wang Jinwu of Northeast Agricultural University research team after years of research and exploration, has made some progress in fertilizer deep application theory and related equipment research and development, has developed the three generation prototype, to meet the basic requirements. The key components of the prototype application for pricking hole mechanism of its work, performance directly affects the quality and efficiency of fertilization at present. Pricking hole mechanism still exists in unit time of pricking hole with limited number of problems, the work efficiency is low. If the increase in the number of pricking hole impact force, soil fertilizer spraying needle is larger, which leads to the vibration problem, pricking hole instability and the hole width is not ideal. In order to solve the above problems, on the basis of the liquid deep application of fertilizer on agronomic requirements, Bessel's curve transmission theory is studied, the design of the new Bessel gear pricking hole mechanism. The research process, through theoretical analysis, computer simulation and optimization of human-machine interaction, high-speed photography and other methods to study the working mechanism, and analyzed the kinematics and dynamics characteristics, factors test study on the influence of operating performance and stability mechanism, provide an important basis for the research on the theory and design of deep fertilization liquid fertilizer machine key components. The main work of this paper includes the following Bessel: (1) the pitch curve of planetary pricking hole mechanism designed to ensure liquid fertilizerapplicator effectively avoid vibration in high speed operation process, thus obtaining the ideal hole width and hole spacing, in-depth study of the deep application of fertilizer technology based on the theory, combined with many kinds of ways of working mechanism and characteristics of tie points. Bessel introduced the pitch curve of non-circular gear planetary gear system, theoretical analysis of its transmission ratio, pitch curve convex test and pressure angle and other structural parameters, design a new type of rotary pricking hole mechanism. (2) Bessel's curve of planetary pricking hole mechanism dynamics, kinematics modeling and simulation analysis for inspection body design is reasonable, the members of the operation process with no interference, and whether the spraying needle track meet fertilization requirements established by Bessel, the pitch curve of gear bar hole mechanism kinematics and dynamics model, the use of soft A simulation analysis is carried out. The specific content of the study, the establishment of the gear and the spraying needle tip displacement (angle), (angular) velocity and acceleration kinematics model (angle); explore the planetary gear train sun wheel, a middle wheel, planet wheel axis, planetary gear meshing point and force variation is derived using the Pro/E analysis model; kinematics simulation, obtain the tip position of spraying needle, speed and acceleration curve, verify the correctness of the theoretical model and provide the basis for kinematics optimization programming. (3) write the accuracy of Bessel pitch curve of gear planetary gear train with dynamics software hole mechanism on solving dynamic model theory to verify the theoretical model using the method, sequence dynamics equations are solved theoretically. By using Visual Basic 6 language development Bessel pitch curve planetary pricking hole mechanism dynamics analysis software, the gear Changes of force of wheel center and the meshing point planetary frame angle and chain force, to provide data for the analysis of dynamic characteristics of the machine. (4) Bessel's curve of planetary pricking hole mechanism of 3D solid modeling and virtual prototype assembly to complete each part design, assembly modeling and virtual prototype of gear the use of Pro/E 3D software and check mechanism, analysis of mechanism without interference and the corresponding motion law, laid the foundation for the manufacturing. (5) Bessel's curve of planetary pricking hole mechanism study on work performance test operation performance and stability of tie hole mechanism, on the soil trough were high speed camera bench test and pricking hole performance test. Using high-speed camera bench test, interpretation of spraying needle tip trajectory and buried and unearthed posture, and model validation mechanism The accuracy of theoretical analysis; through multiple sets of pricking hole performance test, to explore the interactive influence of forward speed and the planet carrier speed on the hole width and hole spacing. The fertilization requirements as constraint conditions, the multi-objective method to optimize the model, obtain optimal performance factors, and performance indicators of the group under the optimum factors the corresponding experimental verification. (6) research on dynamics test hole mechanism Bessel pitch curve of planetary gear bar to verify the dynamic model and theory conclusion is accurate, study the vibration law and reason, the strain sensing electric measurement principle, design of dynamic test, dynamic test. The gear wheel center and through the meshing point test, bearing force and chain planetary frame angle changes, and compared with the theoretical analysis, prove the theory to solve the accuracy and test methods can be In a certain range of planetary frame speed, the variation of soil reaction force with the speed and speed of planet carrier is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for the whole machine vibration research.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S224.2

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