小麦品种（系）遗传多样性分析及抗白粉病基因检测

发布时间：2018-02-13 03:09

本文关键词： 小麦小麦白粉病遗传多样性抗性基因检测分子标记 Pm基因　出处：《中国农业科学院》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是世界各地都广泛种植的重要农作物之一。小麦白粉病(病原菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici,Bgt)是小麦生产上的重要病害,严重威胁小麦的产量与品质。种植抗病品种是防治此病害最经济、有效的措施。本研究包括三方面的研究内容:(i)利用SSR分子标记评价60份小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性;(ii)对供试小麦品种(系)进行抗白粉病评价;(iii)利用分子标记检测供试小麦品种(系)的抗白粉病基因。利用48个多态性SSR分子标记对60个小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性进行了检测,共检测到276个等位位点,平均每个标记检测5.7个等位位点;多态性信息含量(Polymorphic Information Content,PIC)和香农指数(Shannon Index)评价等位位点和遗传多样性分析结果表明,染色体组A的遗传多样性最高,染色体组B次之,染色体组D的遗传多样性最低。通过非加权组平均法(Un-weighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Average,UPGMA)对供试品种进行聚类分析,将供试品种分成四组,每组各有3、7、9和41个品种,说明大多数供试品种(系)的遗传背景比较相似,应引起育种学家的重视。温室小麦品种(系)的抗性基因推导结果表明,科元5号、新麦19、天民198、偃展4110和百农160可能含有Pm4b抗性基因,豫教0338可能含有Pm4a基因,中育885可能含有Pm8基因,兰考008可能含有Pm4+8/Pm4b/Pm30抗性基因。天00127和国麦301对20个供试菌系均表现高抗,科元5号、兰考008和天民198对供试的17个白粉菌系具有抗性,天01-104、05保1-1、天0015和偃展4110对16个供试的白粉菌系具有抗性。已知抗白粉病基因的品种Wembley、R4A、Brigand、MIN和扬麦5/Sub.6V分别携带Pm12、Pm13、Pm16、Pm1c=18和Pm21也对20个供试菌株表现高抗。抗白粉病基因分子检测发现,新选2039、兰考008和郑麦366可能携带抗白粉病基因组合Pm2+Pm4b+Pm8,豫麦368可能携带抗白粉病基因组合Pm2+Pm4b+Pm6,17个小麦品种包括天01-104、天0015和新育麦836携带抗白粉病基因Pm2,24个小麦品种包括周麦19、科元5号和新麦19携带抗白粉病基因Pm4b,豫麦368和国麦301可能含有Pm6,24个小麦品种含有Pm8基因。由此可看出,大多数供试品种(系)携带抗白粉病基因Pm2、Pm4b和Pm8。60个小麦品种(系)的遗传多样性、抗白粉病基因推导和抗性分子检测的结果可为抗性品种的选育及品种的合理使用和布局提供依据。
[Abstract]:Triticum aestivum L.is one of the important crops widely planted all over the world. Wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. triticide) is an important disease in wheat production, which seriously threatens the yield and quality of wheat. This study includes three aspects: using SSR molecular markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of 60 wheat varieties (lines) and using molecular markers to evaluate the resistance of wheat varieties (lines) to powdery mildew. The powdery mildew resistance genes of wheat varieties (lines) were detected. Genetic diversity of 60 wheat varieties (lines) was detected by 48 polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 276 alleles were detected, with an average of 5.7 alleles per marker, polymorphic Information content (Pi) and Shannon Index (Shannon Index) were used to evaluate alleles and genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of chromosome B was the second, and the genetic diversity of chromosome D was the lowest. By using Un-weighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic average method, the tested varieties were clustered and divided into four groups. It shows that the genetic background of most of the tested varieties (lines) is similar, which should be paid more attention to by breeders. The result of resistance gene derivation of greenhouse wheat varieties (lines) shows that Keyuan 5, Xinmai 19, Tianmin 198, Yan Zhan 4110 and Bainong 160 may contain Pm4b resistance genes, Yudai 0338 may contain Pm4a genes, Zhongyu 885 may contain Pm8 genes. Lankao 008 may contain Pm4 8 / Pm4b / Pm30 resistance gene. Tian 00127 and Guomai 301 showed high resistance to 20 tested strains. Keyuan 5, Lankao 008 and Tianmin 198 were resistant to 17 powdery mildew strains tested. Tian01-104YU05 Bao 1-1, Tian0015 and Yanchang 4110 were resistant to 16 powdery mildew lines tested. The cultivars known to be resistant to powdery mildew, Wembley R4AGandMN and Yangmai 5 / Sub.6V, carried Pm12Pm13Pm16Pm1cN18 and Pm21, respectively, and had high resistance to 20 tested strains. The molecular detection of powdery mildew resistance gene showed that the two cultivars had high resistance to powdery mildew. New selection 2039, Lankao 008 and Zheng Mai 366 may carry powdery mildew resistance gene combination Pm2 Pm4b Pm8, Yumai 368 may carry powdery mildew gene combination Pm2 Pm4b Pm6, 17 wheat varieties including Tian01-104, Tian0015 and Xinyumai 836 may carry powdery mildew resistance gene Pm224. Wheat varieties including Zhoumai 19, Heyuan 5 and Xinmai 19 carry powdery mildew resistance gene Pm4b. Yumai 368 and Guomai 301 may contain Pm61,24 wheat varieties may contain Pm8 gene. Genetic diversity of most cultivars (lines) carrying powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2Pm4b and Pm8.60 wheat varieties (lines). The results of gene derivation and molecular detection of resistance to powdery mildew may provide basis for breeding of resistant varieties and rational use and distribution of varieties.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S435.121.46

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