环渤海湾日光温室蔬菜土壤质量现状分析

发布时间：2018-02-22 14:23

本文关键词： 环渤海湾日光温室蔬菜土壤质量　出处：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环渤海地区是我国设施蔬菜重点发展区域之一。在取得巨大成就的同时,该区域设施蔬菜土壤质量发生了普遍退化。然而,从目前的研究进展来看,人们对这一区域土壤质量整体现状的关注度不够。为了对环渤海湾地区设施蔬菜土壤质量进行整体性评价,本论文采集了辽宁、北京、天津、河北、山东和江苏等6个省市13个不同地区5个不同种植年限(0、3-5、8-10、13-15和20)日光温室果菜类(黄瓜和番茄)蔬菜土样,从水肥药投入、土壤理化性状、养分、重金属和塑化剂等角度对该区域土壤质量现状进行了综合评价,并对影响土壤质量的主要因素进行了分析。主要结果如下：(1)环渤海湾地区农药及生长调节剂滥用现象普遍,仅生长调节剂就多达16种。日光温室肥料投入显著高于临近露地菜田；在日光温室种植体系中,种植年限13-15年和20年温室的化肥P投入显著高于3-5年和8-10年,而种植年限20年温室的化肥K投入显著高于其它种植年限温室。(2)表层(0-30cm)土壤OH和EC分别介于5.4-8.38和0.08～1.51 mS/cm(变异系数CV分别9.2%和59.2%)之间；在绝大多数采样点,0-30cm土层的pH低于30-60cm土层,EC正好相反,土壤酸化和盐渍化潜势明显。不同地区间的pH和EC差异较大,但pH和EC随种植年限的增加分别显著降低和升高。(3)表层土壤有机质和全氮分别介于2.8～40.2g/kg和0.5-3.65g/kg(CV分别为43.5和52.9%),无机氮、有效磷和有效钾分别介于4.4～552.5、19.6～726.0和70.0～1524.0mg/kg之间(CV分别为86,1%、65.7%和68.4%)。虽然大多数采样点的土壤有机质处于中等及以下水平,但大多数采样点的有效磷和有效钾处于较高和高水平,存在较大的土壤环境和水体污染风险。(4)锌和铜是重金属污染的主要来源,约34.5%和72.3%土壤分别出现不同程度的“锌”和“铜”污染。虽然砷和镉不是土壤重金属污染的主要来源,但二者随种植年限的增加呈显著升高趋势。此外,塑化剂不是影响环渤海湾日光温室土壤质量的重要因素。(5)土壤微生物量碳水平基本呈“正态分布”,中等水平(150～350mg/kg)的土壤所土百分比最高(35.4%),向两边等级呈递减趋势。上述结果表明,环渤海湾地区设施蔬菜生产需加强监管农药和生长调节剂的使用,控制磷和钾的投入,治理铜和锌污染,严防砷和镉累积。
[Abstract]:The Bohai Rim region is one of the most important areas for the development of greenhouse vegetables in China. At the same time, the soil quality of greenhouse vegetables in this region has been degraded generally. However, from the point of view of the current research progress, In order to evaluate the soil quality of facilities in Bohai Bay region, this paper collected Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Soil samples of fruits and vegetables (cucumber and tomato) in solar greenhouse, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces and cities in 13 different regions and 5 different planting years, were studied from water and fertilizer, physical and chemical properties of soil, nutrient. The present situation of soil quality in the region was comprehensively evaluated from the perspectives of heavy metals and plasticizers, and the main factors affecting soil quality were analyzed. The main results are as follows: the abuse of pesticides and growth regulators is widespread in the Bohai Bay region. There are 16 kinds of growth regulators alone. Fertilizer input in solar greenhouse is significantly higher than that in vegetable field near open field, and P input in greenhouse for 13-15 years and 20 years is significantly higher than that in 3-5 years and 8-10 years in greenhouse planting system. However, the K input of chemical fertilizer in greenhouse for 20 years was significantly higher than that in other greenhouse (0-30 cm)) soil OH and EC ranged between 5.4-8.38 and 0.08 ~ 1.51 mS-1 路cm (CV 9.2% and 59.2 cm respectively). In most sampling sites, the pH of 0-30cm soil layer is lower than that of 30-60cm soil layer, and the soil acidification and salinization potential is obvious. However, pH and EC decreased and increased significantly with the increase of planting years.) the organic matter and total nitrogen of surface soil were between 2.8g / kg and 0.5-3.65g / kg, respectively. The CV of organic matter and total nitrogen were 43.5 and 52.9%, respectively, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen. The CV of available phosphorus and available potassium between 4.4N 552.5U 19.6g / kg and 70.0U 1524.0mg / kg were 865.7and 68.4%, respectively. Although the soil organic matter in most of the sampling sites was at medium or lower levels, the available phosphorus and potassium of most sampling sites were at higher and higher levels. Zinc and copper are the main sources of heavy metal pollution, and about 34.5% and 72.3% soils are contaminated with different levels of "zinc" and "copper" respectively, although arsenic and cadmium are not the main sources of heavy metal pollution in soils. However, with the increase of planting years, both of them showed a significant upward trend. Plasticizer is not an important factor affecting soil quality in greenhouse around Bohai Bay. (5) soil microbial biomass carbon level is basically "normal distribution", and the highest soil percentage of 150 ~ 350mg 路kg ~ (-1) is decreasing to both sides. It is necessary to supervise the use of pesticides and growth regulators, control the input of phosphorus and potassium, control the pollution of copper and zinc, and strictly prevent the accumulation of arsenic and cadmium.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S626

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