奶牛精量饲喂控制系统的研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 06:24

本文选题：RFID　切入点：定量饲喂　出处：《吉林大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国农业产业结构中,奶牛养殖业是最具有发展潜力的行业之—。但是我国在信息化管理、技术装配等与发达国家相比仍有较大的差距,奶牛养殖业的生产自动化水平相对比较落后。随着我国奶牛规模化养殖业迅速的发展,利用信息技术针对奶牛个体进行精细养殖,是奶牛规模化养殖取得优质效益的重要途径。奶牛在生长过程和泌乳期的各个阶段,奶牛对营养需求有所不同,在奶牛精细养殖中有必要针对奶牛个体情况适当调控精饲料饲喂量。同时,实时监测奶牛体温等的相关数据可以判断奶牛健康状况和发情情况。因此,有必要构建奶牛精量饲喂控制系统,并对系统中—些关键技术进行研究,以便对奶牛科学养殖工作提供指导性意见。在查阅了大量的国内外相关文献资料,详细了解相关领域研究、应用概况以及其发展趋势,提出了我国在奶牛精细养殖中存在的—些具体问题,并且阐述了本文研究中所涉及的相关理论、概念和技术。在此基础上,研究设计了奶牛精量饲喂控制系统,用于奶牛养殖过程中精饲料的精量调控和奶牛体温的实时监测。在奶牛精量饲喂控制系统中,确定奶牛个体身份是系统的基础和关键。研究了RFID识别系统的工作原理,选取了满足系统要求的RFID识别设备,设计了RFID读写器的接口电路,实现了奶牛个体识别功能。通过合理布置RFID读写器位置和射频读写器工作参数的合理设定,避免识别过程中碰撞现象的产生。研究设计了奶牛体温监测子系统,系统基于Zig Bee无线传感器网络技术,实现奶牛体温信息数据的监测。奶牛体温监测模块的硬件结构采用CC2430处理器,可以通过GPRS网络数据终端实现监控中心终端对奶牛体温数据的监测。设计了基于集群拓扑结构的Zig Bee无线传感器网络,并且根据系统实际情况对网络所采用的LEACH路由算法进行了改进,降低网络节点能耗,延长了网络生存时间。通过对螺旋下料机原理、称重系统原理和相应的控制技术与网络通信技术研究,完成了奶牛精量下料装置及下料称重控制系统设计,通过使用模糊控制与PID控制相结合的方式,实现了对下料称重过程的自适应控制。设计采用求取饲料投放量与饲料剩余量差值的方法,获取奶牛实际采食量,能够更真实准确的获取采食量数据。采用Visual Basic.Net与SQL server 2005作为程序开发工具和数据库平台,实现了系统监控中心软件开发和数据库的构建。利用ADO.Net和Win Socket技术,实现了网络通信、数据处理功能,并根据专家系统理论编写了推理机程序,实现饲喂量决策功能。在此研究成果基础上,研制开发了奶牛精量饲喂实验系统,并对其进行了定量下料等测试。实验结果表明,系统设计方案合理可行。
[Abstract]:In the agricultural structure of our country, dairy cattle farming is one of the most promising industries. However, compared with the developed countries, there is still a big gap between China and the developed countries in information management, technology assembly and so on. The production automation level of dairy cattle breeding industry is relatively backward. With the rapid development of large-scale dairy cattle breeding industry in China, we use information technology to conduct fine farming for dairy cattle individuals. It is an important way to obtain the high quality benefit in the large-scale breeding of dairy cows. In each stage of the growth process and the lactation period, the nutritional requirements of the cows are different. It is necessary to adjust and control the feeding rate of concentrate according to the individual condition of dairy cow. Meanwhile, the relevant data of real-time monitoring of cow body temperature can be used to judge the health and estrus of the cow. It is necessary to construct a precision feeding control system for dairy cows, and to study some key technologies in the system so as to provide guidance for the scientific breeding of cows. This paper introduces the research, application and development trend of the related fields in detail, puts forward some specific problems existing in the fine dairy cattle breeding in China, and expounds the relevant theories, concepts and techniques involved in the research in this paper. A precision feed control system for dairy cows was designed, which was used to control the concentration of concentrate feed and to monitor the body temperature of dairy cows in real time. Determining the individual identity of dairy cow is the basis and key of the system. The working principle of the RFID recognition system is studied, and the RFID identification equipment that meets the requirements of the system is selected, and the interface circuit of the RFID reader is designed. The function of individual identification of dairy cattle is realized. The collision phenomenon is avoided by reasonably arranging the position of RFID reader and the working parameters of radio frequency reader. The monitoring subsystem of cow body temperature is designed and studied. Based on Zig Bee wireless sensor network technology, the system realizes the monitoring of dairy cow body temperature information data. The hardware structure of cow body temperature monitoring module adopts CC2430 processor. The monitoring center terminal can monitor dairy cow temperature data through GPRS network data terminal. A Zig Bee wireless sensor network based on cluster topology is designed. And according to the actual situation of the system, the LEACH routing algorithm used in the network is improved to reduce the energy consumption of the network nodes and prolong the network lifetime. The principle of weighing system, the corresponding control technology and network communication technology are studied. The design of precision feeding device and weighing control system is completed. The fuzzy control is combined with PID control. The adaptive control of the feeding and weighing process is realized, and the method of calculating the difference between the feed quantity and the feed surplus is adopted to obtain the actual feed intake of the cow. Using Visual Basic.Net and SQL server 2005 as program development tools and database platform, the software development and database construction of system monitoring center are realized, and network communication is realized by using ADO.Net and Win Socket technology. Data processing function, and according to the expert system theory, the inference machine program is compiled to realize the feed quantity decision function. On the basis of the research results, a dairy cow precision feeding experiment system is developed. The experiment results show that the system design scheme is reasonable and feasible.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S817.3

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