温室番茄水氮耦合效应与生长发育模型研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 14:29

  本文选题：水氮处理　切入点：温室番茄　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水分和氮素作为影响番茄生长的主要因素,为了探讨不同水分处理下SIMDualKc双作物系数模型和临界氮稀释曲线模型的适用性和不同水氮处理下干物质生产及分配模型以及番茄抗氧化性机理。以番茄为材料,于2013-2015年在陕西省杨凌区温室内进行了不同生育期亏水处理和水氮耦合试验,在仅有水分处理共设置全生育期充分灌水、仅发育期(苗期)亏水50%、发育期及中期(苗期和开花期)连续亏水50%和全部亏水50%共4种水分处理;水氮耦合试验中,水分设置两水平,分别为全生育期充分灌水处理和全生育期亏水50%处理,氮素设置三水平,施氮量分别为0 kg/hm2、150kg/hm2和300 kg/hm2。利用2013-2014年数据对SIMDualKc模型、干物质生产分配模型和临界氮系数曲线模型进行率定和建立,运用2014-2015年温室试验数据验证以上模型的准确性。得出以下主要结论:1)运用SIMDualKc模型模拟得到初期(缓苗期)基础作物系数Kcb ini=0.34,发育期(苗期)基础作物系数Kcb dev=0.34~1.16,中期(开花期)基础作物系数Kcb mid=1.16,后期(成熟期)基础作物系数Kcb end=0.63,该模型模拟出不同水分处理的番茄蒸发蒸腾量与计算值有较好的一致性,可以准确模拟番茄蒸发蒸腾量。2)运用番茄蒸发蒸腾量、累积辐热积、经验公式和经验系数(ap和bp)得到的干物质生产及分配模型,通过该模型得到不同水氮处理番茄茎、叶、果实和根系干物质的预测值和实测值拟合度较高,可以对不同水氮处理温室番茄各器官的干物质生产及分配。番茄干物质总量受辐热积和水分氮素影响较大,而干物质在地上部、根系及地上部各器官的分配指数只随累积辐热积变化,不随灌水量和施氮量发生显著性变化。3)番茄临界氮浓度与采样日地上部最大生物量之间符合幂指数关系(非充分灌水:Nc=3.26DW-0.35;充分灌水:Nc=3.44DW-0.29);曲线参数与番茄全生育地上部潜在干物质量呈较好的相关关系,因此可以根据番茄全生育期地上部潜在干物质量来估算不同水分处理下番茄临界氮浓度稀释曲线。4)将不同水氮处理不同叶位SPAD值与叶片氮含量、NNI进行拟合得知,中位叶片SPAD值与叶片氮浓度和NNI之间的相关系数高于上位和下位叶片SPAD值与叶片氮浓度和NNI之间的相关系数,中位叶片对氮素较为敏感,可以作为监测氮素是否过量的理想叶片。5)减少施氮量和灌水量时,植株叶片和根系POD、SOD和MDA含量增加,而番茄各生育期根系活力、根系长度和表面积降低。各生育期番茄叶片POD、SOD、MDA和Pro含量或根系POD、SOD、MDA和RC含量随蒸发蒸腾量和吸氮量的减少而增加。开花期番茄叶片POD、SOD和Pro含量或根系POD、SOD、MDA和RC含量对水分和氮素的敏感性最大。6)基于临界氮浓度构建的氮素吸收和氮营养指数对番茄氮素营养状况诊断以及施氮量与产量的研究结果表明,非充分灌水处理时施氮量以150 kg/hm2最优,充分灌水处理时施氮量以300 kg/hm2最优,得出西北地区温室番茄种植不同水分管理下的适宜施氮量范围在150~300 kg/hm2之间。
[Abstract]:The main factors of water and nitrogen as the impact of the growth of tomato, in order to material production and distribution model and the antioxidant mechanism of dry tomato under different water treatments on SIMDualKc dual crop coefficient model and the critical n dilution curve model and the applicability of different water and nitrogen treatments. Using tomato as material, in 2013-2015 years in the greenhouse in Shaanxi District of Yangling Province in the different growth period of water deficit treatment and water nitrogen coupling test, only in the water treatments were set up during the whole growth period of full irrigation, only growth stage (seedling) water deficit of 50%, the growth period and the middle (seedling and flowering) continuous water deficit in 50% and all 50% total water deficit of 4 water treatment; water testing nitrogen, water level set two, respectively during the whole growth period of full irrigation and the whole growth period of water deficit treatment 50%, three sets of nitrogen level, nitrogen fertilizer were 0 kg/hm2150kg/hm2 and 300 kg/hm2. by 2013-2014 years The data of the SIMDualKc model, dry matter production and distribution model of critical nitrogen coefficient curve model was calibrated and the accuracy is established, using 2014-2015 years data of greenhouse experiment verify the above model. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) using the SIMDualKc model simulated early (seedling stage) basal crop coefficient Kcb ini=0.34, growth stage (seedling) foundation crop coefficient Kcb dev=0.34~1.16, interim (flowering stage) basal crop coefficient Kcb mid=1.16 (late maturity) of the crop coefficient of Kcb end=0.63, the model is simulated in different water treatment tomato and the calculated values are consistent with the evaporation transpiration, can accurately simulate the tomato evapotranspiration.2) using tomato evapotranspiration. TEP, empirical formula and empirical coefficients (AP and BP) to get the model of dry matter production and distribution, through the model of different water and nitrogen treatment of tomato stems, leaves, fruits and roots The fitting degree of higher prediction between dry matter and measured values of different water and nitrogen treatments in different organs of greenhouse tomato production and distribution of dry matter in tomato. The total dry matter by TEP and water nitrogen affected the dry matter in the shoot, the partition index of root and shoot organs only with accumulation the TEP changes with the irrigation and nitrogen changed significantly.3) the exponential relationship between critical nitrogen concentration and sampling on Tomato shoot biomass (non full irrigation and full irrigation:: Nc=3.26DW-0.35; Nc=3.44DW-0.29); and the growth curve parameters of tomato shoot potential stem exhibited a good correlation the material quality, it can be based on the whole growth stage of tomato shoot dry weight to estimate the potential of different water treatment under the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve of tomato.4) different water and nitrogen treatments in different leaf SPAD value and leaf nitrogen content ,NNI杩涜�屾嫙鍚堝緱鐭�,涓�浣嶅彾鐗嘢PAD鍊间笌鍙剁墖姘�娴撳害鍜孨NI涔嬮棿鐨勭浉鍏崇郴鏁伴珮浜庝笂浣嶅拰涓嬩綅鍙剁墖SPAD鍊间笌鍙剁墖姘�娴撳害鍜孨NI涔嬮棿鐨勭浉鍏崇郴鏁，

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