海岛棉表型性状遗传多样性分析及核心种质构建方法的研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 21:07

本文选题：海岛棉　切入点：遗传多样性　出处：《新疆农业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究以211份海岛棉品种(品系)为试材,分析主要数量性状的分布规律,对数量性状进行相关性分析和主成分分析,并利用SPSS对211个品种进行聚类分析,在此基础上对海岛棉核心种质的构建方法进行分析,筛选出适宜海岛棉核心种质的构建方法,并对核心种质进行分子标记遗传多样性分析,主要结果如下:1、本研究通过对211份海岛棉的15个表型性状进行多样性分析,表明不同性状的变异系数有很大差异,变异系数最大的性状是皮棉产量,变异系数最小的性状是成熟度;不同性状的多样性指数变化范围不大,为1.55-2.08之间;同一性状的多样性指数和变异系数不一致。2、将211份材料按来源不同进行分组,分别在农艺性状、产量性状和品质性状上进行方差。不同来源地的材料在三类性状上,除了始节数没有差异之外,其他14个性状都达到了显著差异。并且对在育种工作中比较关注的性状,不同来源地都筛选出了有代表性的材料,为今后的育种工作提供参考。同时对211份材料各性状在不同年份的表现进行差异性分析,结果表明,15个性状的平均值在三年之间的差异都达到了极显著水平。3、通过对15个性状的广义遗传力分析,农艺性状和产量性状广义遗传力大小顺序为株高始节高始节数衣分单铃重有效铃数皮棉产量。品质性状的遗传力大小为纺纱一致性比强度整齐度马克隆值上半部均长伸长率成熟度短纤维率。皮棉产量、成熟度、短纤维率的遗传力比较低,因此,在配置杂交组合时,这几个性状的选择宜在世代的中后期进行。4、农艺性状和产量性状的综合遗传变异系数大小顺序为始节高株高始节数有效铃数皮棉产量衣分单铃重。品质性状的遗传变异系数大小顺序依次为比强度纺纱一致性整齐度马克隆值伸长率上半部均长成熟度短纤维率。株高、皮棉产量、比强度、马克隆值上半部均长这几个在棉花育种中比较关心的性状的遗传变异系数均大于20%,说明该群体具有比较丰富的遗传变异。5、在选择率为1%、5%时,株高、始节高、比强度、马克隆值相对遗传进度值较大,因此这些性状的遗传潜力大,遗传进度快,选择效果较好。6、通过各性状间的相关性分析发现,各性状间联系广泛,不是相互独立的。56对性状呈极显著相关,其中35对呈极显著正相关,21对性状呈极显著负相关。5对性状显著相关,其中1对性状显著正相关,4对性状显著负相关。农艺性状中株高与产量性状和品质性状的相关性较强,产量性状中衣分对品质的影响较大。7、对海岛棉的主成分分析结果表明,前5个因子的累计贡献率达到82.02%,分别是品质因子、产量因子、棉铃特征因子、成熟度因子和始节特征因子。8、通过对海岛棉表型性状的聚类分析,将211份海岛棉分为5类,第一类包含83份材料,第二类包含45份材料,第三类包含57份材料,第四类包含1份材料,第五类包含25份材料。不同类群的材料具有不同的表型特征,其中第五类纤维品质最好。9、从遗传距离(卡方距离和欧氏距离)、聚类方法(类平均法、最长距离法、最短距离法和离差平方和法、)、取样方法(完全随机取样法、聚类后随即取样和优先取样法)及总体取样比例(5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%和35%、40%和45%)等4个层次探讨了海岛棉核心种质构建的最佳策略,应用均值差异百分率、方差差异百分率、极差符合率和变异系数变化率4个参数来检验各策略的优劣,结果表明在20%的总体取样比例下,采用欧氏距离结合最短距离法进行系统聚类,组内采随即法进行取样,是构海岛棉核心种质的最佳策略。10、采取多次聚类变异度取样方法,并利用最短距离聚类方法和欧氏距离方法,在20%的抽样水平下,初步构建了一个包含43份资源的海岛棉核心种质。该核心种质的遗传多样性指数、方差差异百分率、变异系数变化率均高于原种质,极差符合率为97%;核心种质基本保留了原种质中各性状间的相关性;主成分分析的散点图可以看出核心种质最大限度地保持了原种质的遗传结构。构建的核心种质可以很好的代表原种质的遗传多样性。11、对核心种质中43份海岛棉材料进行了SSR标记的遗传多样性分析,结果表明该群体的相似系数范围为0.40至0.95之间,平均相似系数0.735,表明核心种质中43份海岛棉资源遗传变异广泛,在相似系数0.95处所有品种便可以完全分开,进一步验证了构建的海岛棉核心种质对原种质群体具有很好的代表性。
[Abstract]:In this study, 211 samples of Sea Island Cotton Varieties (lines) as the tested materials, distribution analysis of main quantitative traits, correlation analysis and principal component analysis on quantitative traits, and cluster analysis was performed on 211 varieties using SPSS method on the construction of island cotton core germplasm on the basis of this analysis, selected for construction the method of island cotton core germplasm, and the core germplasm genetic diversity analysis, the main results are as follows: 1, this research through diversity analysis of 211 island cotton 15 phenotypic traits showed that the coefficient of variation of different characters are very different, the biggest CV is lint yield, variation the smallest coefficient is maturity; different traits diversity index varies little, between 1.55-2.08; the same trait diversity index and coefficient of variation is not consistent.2, 211 copies of materials by source Different groups, respectively in agronomic traits, yield traits and quality traits were analyzed by variance. Different sources of the material in the three kinds of characters, but no difference was the section number, the other 14 traits have reached significant difference. And the more attention in breeding traits, different sources are selected the representative materials, provide reference for breeding work in the future. The result also shows the characters of 211 accessions of difference analysis, in different years, the average value of 15 characters in three years differences have reached a significant level of.3, the broad heritability of 15 characters analysis of agronomic traits and yield traits of broad heritability of order of height of the beginning of section beginning section of the single boll number of heavy lint percentage boll number of lint yield. Quality traits of heritability for the spinning consistency strength uniformity micronaire The upper value are long maturity elongation rate of short fiber. Lint yield, maturity, heritability of short fiber rate is relatively low, therefore, in the configuration of hybrid combinations, the choice should be several characters in the generation of the.4 in the late order comprehensive genetic variation coefficient of agronomic traits and yield traits for the first node the plant height was high number of boll number and lint percentage boll weight and lint yield. The sequence of genetic variation coefficient of quality traits were spinning consistency strength uniformity micronaire value were half long maturity of short fiber elongation rate. Plant height, lint yield, strength, micronaire value coefficient of genetic variation are more concerned about the upper half of these are long in cotton breeding traits was greater than 20%, indicating that the genetic variation of.5 group is relatively rich, in the selection rate of 1%, 5%, the plant height, the first node of high specific strength, micronaire value of relative genetic progress The larger, so the genetic potential of these traits, genetic progress faster, better selection of.6, the correlation between the characters of the analysis found that among all the traits connected, not independent of.56 traits are significantly correlated, and 35 of them showed a significant positive correlation, 21 pairs were significantly negative correlation with.5 1 of them were significantly related to the character, the character of significant positive correlation, 4 pairs were significantly negatively correlated. Among agronomic traits, plant height and yield traits and quality traits, yield traits into strong correlation, the effect on the quality of.7 is large, the results of principal component analysis of Sea Island Cotton showed that total 5 factors' contribution rate reached 82.02%, respectively, quality factor, yield factor, boll characteristic factor, maturity factor and initial node characteristic factor.8, through the cluster analysis of phenotypic traits of island cotton and island cotton 211 copies will be divided into 5 categories, the first category contains 83 copies of materials, The second class contains 45 copies of the material, the third class contains 57 accessions, fourth class contains 1 copies of the material, the fifth class contains 25 materials. Different kinds of materials with different phenotypic characteristics, including fifth kinds of fiber quality the best.9, the genetic distance (chi square distance and Euclidean distance), clustering method (average method the longest distance method, the shortest distance method and deviation square method), sampling method, (completely random sampling method, clustering immediately after sampling and preferred sampling method) and overall sampling ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35%, 40% and 45%) and the 4 levels of study the best strategy for construction of island cotton core germplasm, using the mean percentage difference, variance difference percentage, with the rate of change of range and coefficient of variation rate of 4 parameters to test the quality of the strategy, the results show that the overall sampling ratio of 20%, using Euclidean distance and the shortest distance method of hierarchical clustering, Sampling method and mining group, is the best.10 strategies of island cotton core germplasm, take multiple clustering variability sampling method, and the shortest distance clustering method and Euclidean distance method, the sampling rate of 20%, initially built a contains 43 accessions from island cotton germplasm diversity index. The genetic core germplasm, variance difference percentage, the rate of change of the coefficient of variation was higher than that of the original germplasm, the coincidence rate of range is 97%; core collection retains the basic correlation between the characters of the original germplasm; scatter plot of principal component analysis can be seen that the core collection to maintain the genetic structure of the original construction of core collection of germplasm. Can be a good representative of the original germplasm genetic diversity of.11, the core collection in 43 out of island cotton were used to analyze the genetic diversity of SSR markers, the results show that the community similarity coefficient ranged from 0. The average similarity coefficient is 0.735 between 40 and 0.95, indicating that 43 core cotton germplasm resources have wide genetic variation. At the 0.95 similarity coefficient, all varieties can be completely separated, further verified that the core collection of the island cotton has good representativeness for the original Germplasm Population.

【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S562

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