基质培番茄的钾素营养生理响应与快速检测技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 09:59

本文选题：果实膨大速率　切入点：叶片含钾量　出处：《中国农业大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)是世界上种植范围最广和食用人数最多的蔬菜之一。番茄属喜钾植物,在生长过程中对钾肥的需求量甚至超过了氮肥,但在实际生产中却普遍存在钾素供给不合理的问题。基于番茄植株的钾素营养生理响应来反馈调控营养液钾素供应是高效利用钾肥的最佳手段,而快速定量获取其钾素营养生理响应是实现营养液钾素反馈调控的根本前提。为此,本研究通过不同营养液供钾水平的基质培番茄栽培试验,从番茄的生长发育、光合生理响应、及叶片含钾量的快速检测三个层面研究番茄植株对营养液钾素供应的生理响应、表征指标及其快速检测方法,从而为研发基质培番茄的营养液钾素反馈调控提供理论依据和技术支撑。本研究通过调整日本园艺试验场的番茄营养液配方,设计了6个梯度的营养液钾素供应进行基质培番茄的栽培试验。结果表明：营养液供钾水平在8～12mmol·L-1试验区的番茄生长发育和果实产量优于其他试验区,4 mmol·L-1试验区的钾素利用效率最高,24 mmol·L-1试验区的果实品质最优。综合考虑植物的生长发育、果实产量、品质形成、及钾素利用效率等因素,建议营养液供钾水平在基质培番茄的花芽分化前期应调控在4～6 mmol·L-1、花芽分化到坐果期应在8mmol·L-1、果实膨大期应在12 mmol·L-1、果实采收期应在16～24 mmol·L-1为宜；选取果实膨大速率和叶片含钾量作为反映不同番茄生长期对营养液钾素供应的营养生理响应表征指标。为了从气体交换和电子传递层面揭示番茄生长发育对营养液钾素供应的响应机制,利用便携式光合仪测量了番茄叶片的光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明：采用常规方法测量的番茄叶片的光合和叶绿素荧光参数对定植后第42天和第63天的叶片钾素丰缺的响应较为敏感,但无法及时响应定植后第21天的钾素丰缺状况；基于快速光诱导法测量的各试验区的番茄叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、及蒸腾速率等在定植第21天就存在显著性差异。因此,基于快速光诱导法测量的CO：吸收量及其胞间CO：浓度的一阶导数可以从气体交换和叶肉细胞活性层面揭示番茄叶片对营养液钾素供应的光合生理响应机制。叶片含钾量能够直接反映番茄对营养液钾素供应丰缺的生理响应。本论文通过分析不同营养液供钾水平下基质培番茄叶片在190～2500 nm的分光反射率与其实测叶片含钾量的相关性,选取不同波段的分光反射率进行归一化、多元散射校正、标准正态变换和基线偏移校正等预处理后,基于偏最小二乘法建立了番茄叶片含钾量的光谱估测模型。结果表明,对于定植后第42天和第63天的番茄叶片,采用多元散射校正对190～2500nm波段的分光反射率进行预处理后建立的番茄叶片含钾量的光谱估测模型的验证效果和精度最好,但该方法未能准确估测定植后第21天的番茄叶片含钾量。为了定量估测定植初期的番茄叶片含钾量,本研究利用定植后第21天番茄叶片在300-1100 nm的分光透过率与其叶绿素含量的相关性,选取560nm作为特征波长、940 nm作为参比波长构建光谱特征参数log(T940/T560)用于回归估测叶绿素含量及其叶绿素a/b值,其后利用叶绿素a/b值进行叶片含钾量的回归估测的验证R2为0.72、RMSE为0.79。综上所述,本研究通过不同营养液供钾水平的基质培番茄栽培试验,明确了基于快速光诱导法的光合测量可以从气体交换和电子传递层面反映番茄叶片对营养液钾素供应的光合生理响应,基于分光反射率或分光透过率建立的光谱估测模型可以快速而定量地测量番茄叶片含钾量,基于果实形态测量的果实膨大速率是直接反映番茄果实对营养液钾素供应的营养生理响应表征指标。上述基于快速光诱导法的光合测量、叶片含钾量的光谱定量测量、果实膨大速率的形态测量可以作为植株钾素营养生理响应表征指标的快速定量检测方法,为研发基质培番茄的营养液钾素反馈调控提供技术基础,进而为实现设施番茄的优质高产高效生产提供技术支撑。
[Abstract]:Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is the world's most widely planted and edible vegetables. One of the largest number of Lycopersicon hipotassium plants, in the growth process of potash demand even more than the amount of nitrogen, but in actual production is widespread in potassium supply unreasonable. Tomato plant potassium nutrition physiology based on the response to feedback regulation of nutrient supply of potassium is the best means of efficient use of fertilizer, and quickly obtain the quantitative potassium nutrition physiological response is the precondition for nutrient solution potassium feedback regulation. Therefore, this study by soilless culture of tomato cultivation experiment with nutrient solution potassium levels and growth from the growth of tomato the photosynthetic, physiological response, response and rapid detection of leaf potassium content in three tomato plants on the physiological level of nutrient solution of potassium supply, indicators and rapid detection methods, so as to research The nutrient solution of tomato soilless culture in potassium send feedback control provides theory basis and technical support for this study. By adjusting the tomato nutrient solution formula test field design Japanese gardening, nutrition liquid potassium 6 gradient supplying cultivation experiment of tomato grown in media. The results showed that the nutrient potassium levels in 8 ~ 12mmol. L-1 test area of tomato growth and fruit yield than the other test area, 4 mmol - L-1 test area of potassium utilization efficiency is the highest, the fruit quality optimal 24 mmol L-1 test area. Considering the growth and development of plants, fruit yield, quality formation, and potassium use efficiency, nutrition recommendations of flower bud differentiation liquid potassium levels in substrate culture of tomato early should be regulated in 4~6 mmol - L-1, the flower bud differentiation to the fruiting period in 8mmol L-1, fruit enlargement period should be 12 mmol - L-1, fruit harvest should be in 16~24 mmol - L-1; Select the fruit growth rate and leaf K content as reflected in different growth period on nutritional physiology of tomato nutrient potassium supply response indicators. In order from the gas exchange and electron transfer reveal growth response mechanism of nutrient solution of potassium supply growth of tomato, using the portable photosynthesis system of Tomato Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. The results show that the response by conventional method for measurement of Tomato Leaf Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaf potassium for forty-second days and sixty-third days after planting in abundance is more sensitive, but not timely response twenty-first days after planting potassium abundance; net photosynthesis of tomato leaves rapidly induced by light measurement of each test area based on the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate, there are significant differences in colonization in twenty-first days. Therefore, the fast light induced method based on The amount of CO absorption amount and intercellular CO: a derivative of concentration of nutrient solution of tomato leaves can reveal the potassium supply of light from gas exchange and mesophyll cell activity level physiological response mechanism. Potassium content of leaves of tomato nutrient solution can directly reflect the physiological response of the potassium supply abundance. This thesis through analysis of nutrient solution with different potassium levels in leaves of tomato soilless culture correlation spectral reflectance of 190~2500 nm and measured leaf potassium content, spectral reflectance of different bands were normalized, multiple scatter correction, standard normal transformation and base line offset correction after preprocessing method based on partial least squares estimation is established model spectra of potassium content in tomato leaves. The results showed that the tomato leaves forty-second days and sixty-third days after planting, the multiple scattering correction in 190 ~ 2500nm band spectral reflectance of pretreatment. To verify the efficiency and accuracy of spectral estimation model of potassium content in tomato leaves after the establishment of the best, but the potassium content method is not accurate estimation of tomato leaves twenty-first days after planting. The potassium content in tomato leaves for quantitative estimation of initial colonization, this study used twenty-first days after planting tomato leaves at 300-1100 nm points light through the correlation rate and chlorophyll content, the 560nm is chosen as the characteristic wavelength of 940 nm as the reference wavelength, construct the spectral characteristic parameters of log (T940/T560) for regression estimation of chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b value, followed by chlorophyll a/ b value of the regression estimation of leaf potassium content validation R2 was 0.72, RMSE was 0.79. in soilless culture tomato cultivation experiments by different potassium levels of nutrient solution, the rapid light induced by photosynthetic measurement can reflect the level of transfer from the gas exchange and electronic based on The nutrient solution of tomato leaf potassium supply photosynthetic physiological response, spectral reflectance or transmission spectrum rate estimation model can quickly and quantitatively measure the potassium content of Tomato Leaves Based on morphological measurements of fruit fruit growth rate based on the nutritional physiology of tomato fruit is a direct reflection of the nutrient solution potassium supply response characterization the light induced index. Fast method based on optical spectrum measurement, quantitative measurement of potassium content in leaf, morphological measurements of fruit growth rate can be used as the plant potassium nutrition physiological response rapid quantitative detection of square indicators method, potassium nutrient solution for the development of soilless culture of Tomato in feedback regulation to provide technical basis, and provide technology support for the realization of high yield and quality of tomato production.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S641.2

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